专题24-Unit4写作与阅读（教师版）-2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）

Unit4写作与阅读写作本单7匕的写作任务是写一篇观点类文章。在观点类文章中你应该清楚地向读者表达你对某个特定主题的观点。写一篇好的观点类文章，应该注意以下几点：.在第一段清楚地阐明你的观点；.给出理由解释你的观点；.在最后一段用不同的方式总结你的观点。常用表达：Recentresearchshowsthat...Inmyopinion,itisvery...First»itistheeasiestwaytohelp...Secondly,ithelpspeoplewith...Lastly,ifsagoodideatodo...Inaword»Istronglyholdtheview（hat...（写作模板）Part1：Nowadayssomepeoplewouldliketo...（描述现象）Personally,L..（亮明自己的观点）Part2：Firstly,…（论点一）Secondly,…（论点二）Part3：Allinall,itisadvisable...（总结概括）假如你是李华，你们学校就“青少年是否应该整容”的问题进行讨论，要求每个同学用书信的形式投稿,请根据下面的提示写一篇短文。.现在越来越多的人做整形手术，但你认为青少年不应该整容；.你的理由：对身体有害；分散学习的注意力；中学生过分注重外表不合适……注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；2.开头和结尾已给出。第一步审题谋篇I审题］写作要求是发表对“青少年是否应该整容”的看法，写作时应注意下面几点：.确定文体：这是一篇议论文。写作时注意议论文的写作特点。.主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。.主体人称：由于是发表对某个问题的看法，所以人称应该以第一人称和第三人称为主。I谋篇］第一段：开门见山，引入主题：青少年不应该整容；第二段：具体介绍自己的理由；第三段：总结自己的观点。第二步遣词造句［核心词汇］.整形手术plasticsurgery.在乎careabout.集中精力于concernrateon.换句话说inotherwords.恢复正常生活rctumtoanonnallife.自信self-confidence.远离keepawayfrom［连词成句］.整形手术在世界上已经变得非常流行。PlasticsurgeryhasbecomeveryDopularintheworld..我坚持认为青少年不应该整容。Istronglybelieve(that)teenagersshouldn'thaveplasticsurgery..首先，青少年不应该太在乎自己的外表。Firstly,ateenagershouldnotcareabouthisappearancetoomuch..他应该集中精力于学习。Heshouldconccniraieonhislessons..一些青少年做了整容手术，这使他们无法回到正常的生活。Soniciccnagcrshadplasticsurgeryanditstoppedthemfromreturningtoanormallife.第三步句式升级.用nol...but…把第3句和第4句连成一句。Firstly,ateenagershouldnotcareabouthisappearanceloomuch,butconcentrateonhislessons..用定语从句改写第5句。SomeleenagershadDlaslicsurgery,whichstODDed【hemfromreluming【oanormallife.第四步组句成篇用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇英语短文。【答案】DearEditor,AsisknowntoalLplasticsurgeryhasbecomeverypopularintheworld.Becauseitcanimproveourappearance.ButIstronglyhold（heview（hatteenagersshouldn'thaveplasticsurgery.Firstly,ateenagershouldnotcareabouthisappearanceloomuch,butconcentrateonhislessons.Secondly,ateenagerisstillgrowingandsuchsurgeryislikelytoharmhishealth.Someteenagershadplasticsurgery»whichstoppedthemfromreturningtoanormallifc.Thcrcforc,theyregrethavingthesurgery.Inaword,ateenagershouldkeepawayfromplasticsurgery,anduseknowledgetobuildself-confidence.Yours,LiHua阅读天天练阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AWhenyoucan'tgetaway,yourkidsstillcanbytakingavirtual（虚拟的）fieldtriptoamuseumfarm,zoooranotherfunlocation.Thisisagreatwaytogettheminterestedandhappy.BestToursoftheWorld：AirPanoAirPanohasavarietyoftoursinChina,Portugal,Switzerland,andmorecountries.ltoffersnarrations（叙述）ofseveraltoursandincludesshortwritteninformationthat'seasyfbrkidsofmostagestoread.Thetoursarealsofairlyshort,whichmakestheseloursgreatforyoungerkids.BestVirtualDairyFarmTour：VVill-O-CrestFarmThis45-minutetourofWill-O-CrestFarminNewYorkstatewalksthrougheverystepofworkingonadairyfarm.ltshowshowcowsarchousedandhowcowsarcmilkcd.Thcvideoishostedbyanarratorwithaliveinstruclorfrom（hefarmonsile.BestAquariumVirtualTour：NationalAquariumTheaquariumhasmorethan20,000wateranimals.Kidscanclickanddrag（拖）imagestonavigate（导航）theirwayaroundandusethemaptoexplorevariouscxhibits.Exploreeightareas,suchastheAmazonRiver,arainforestandtheMexicanGulf.BestNaturalHistoryTour：SmithsonianNationalMuseumofNaturalHistoryThismuseumhelpsunderstandnatureandhumanity'splaceinit.There'ssomuchtoseethatnotallcanbelistedhere.However»themuseumoffersanonlinetourofmostofitsexhibits.Dividethistourupintoalotoflessons,sokidsdon'tgetstressed.语篇解读这是一篇应用文。本文介绍了四个适合孩子的虚拟野外旅行项Fl。WhichisinNewYorkstate?AirPano.Will-O-CrestFarm.NationalAquarium.SmithsonianNationalMuseumofNaturalHistory.B［解析］细节理解题。根据BestVirtualDairyFarmTour：VVill-O-CrestFarm中的“This45-niinutctourofWill-O-CrestfarminNewYorkstatewalksthrougheveryst叩ofworkingonadairyfhrm.“可知，Will-O-CrestFarm在纽约州。故选B。WhatdoAirPanoandNationalAquariumhaveincommon?Theyaredividedintolotsoflessons.Theyarelikelytobelovedbyanimallovers.Theyprovidechancestotourdifferentplaces.Theyteachkidsknowledgeaboutnaturalhistory.C［解析］细节理解题。根据BestToursoftheWorld：AirPano中的“AirPanohasavarietyoftoursinChina,Portugal,Switzerland,andmorecountries.”和BestAquariumVirtualTour：NationalAquarium中的“Exploreeightareas,suchastheAmazonRiver,arainforestandtheMexicanGulf.”可知，这两个旅游项目都给游客提供了到不同地方的旅游。故选C。Whatisthebesttitleforthetext?GiveFuntoYourKidsAdventuresinRainForestsTourtheWorldwithYourKidsBestVirtualFieldTripsforYourKidsD【解析】标题归纳题。根据文章第一段“Whenyoucan'tgetaway,yourkidsstillcanbytakingavirtual（虚拟的）fieldtriptoamuseumfarm,zoooranotherfunlocalion.”以及下文中的四个标题可知，本文介绍了四个针对孩子的虚拟野外旅行项故选D。BThiswasthefirstrealtaskIreceivedinmynewschool.Ilseemedsimple：goontheInternetandfindinformationaboutamannamedGeorgeWashington.AsIsearchedthename,Ifoundthatthereweretwofamouspeoplehavingthesamenamewholookedcompletelydifferent!Oneinventedhundredsofusesforpeanuts（花生），whiletheotherledsomesortofarmyacrossAmerica.Istaredatthescreen,wonderingwhichonemyteachermeant.Icalledmygrandfatherforagoldenpieceofadvice：letthecoindecide.Iflipped（掷）acoinandAhITails（背面）！Myreportwouldbeaboutthegreatmanwhoinventedpeanutbutter,GeorgeWashingtonCarver.Weekslater,Istoodinfrontoftheclassroomandproudlyreadmyhomework.Butthingsstartedtogetstrange.Ilookedaroundtheroom,onlytofindmyclassmateswithbigsmilesontheirfacesandtearsintheireyesandmystone-faccdteacher.Iwascompletelylost.^Whatcouldbecausingeveryonetoactthisway?”Ohwell,Idroppedthepaperandsatdownatmydesk,burningtofindoutwhatIhaddonewrong.Asaclassmatebeganhisreport,itallbecameclear,“MyreportisonGeorgeWashington,（hemanwhostarted（heAmericanWarofIndependence."Thewholeworldbecamequiet!HowcouldIknowthatmyteachermeantthatGeorgeWashington?Ofcourse,mysubjectresultwasawful.Sadbutfearless>Idecidedtoturnthisaround.ItalkedtotheheadmasterMissLancelot,butshesaidfirmly：Nore-dos；nonewscore.Ifeltthatitwasnotfair,andIbelievedIdeserved（应得）asecondchance.SoIthrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.Tenmonthslater,Isatintheheadmaster'sofficeagain,butthistimeacompletelydifferentconversation.!smiledandflashedbacktotheterriblemomentatthebeginningoftheyearastheheadmastertoldmeIwasgoodenoughtoskipthe6thgradeandstartedthe7thgradenextterm.语篇解读这是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者在新学校接到的第一次任务是在网上查找关于GeorgeWashington的信息，由于作者对历史了解得很少，在班级闹出了笑话。事后他埋头苦学，第一学年结束时取得了优异的成绩，并可以跳级学习。Everyoneintheclassactedstrangelybecause.A.IwastooproudofmyhomeworkImistookwhatthehomeworkwasaboutthewholeworldsuddenlybecamequiettheteacher'sfaceturnedtoastoneB【解析】细节理解题。由第三段可知，老师布置的作业是关于领导美国独立战争的华盛顿，而不是发明多种花生用途的华盛顿。所以当作者读他的作业时，所有人表现奇怪的原因是他把作业中的人物是谁搞错了。故选BoIafterIfailedthesubject.workedhardertoprovemyabilityB.startedtostudyfromthe7lhgradeC.wassofrightenedattheawfulresultD.wasgivenasecondchancetoredotheworkA【解析】推理判断题。由最后一段中的“SoIthrewmyselfheartilyintomyworkfortherestoftheschoolyear.”可知从那以后，作者全身心投入到那一学年的学习中，即作者选择了通过努力学习证明自己的实力。故选A。6.Wccaninfer（推断）fromthepassagethat.A.theheadmasterdidn'tlikethewriteralallthewriter'sclassmatesfeltsadathismistakethewriterknewlittleaboutAmericanhistoryD.thewriter'sgrandpawasaverywisemanC【解析】推理判断题。根据文章信息、：其他同学都知道老师要求查找的GeorgeWashington是谁，而作者却不知道是哪一个Washington,由此可知作者并不了解美国的历史人物。故选C。Whichofthefollowingproverbscanbestdescribethemainideaofthisstory?Seeingisbelieving.Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.Oneisnevertoooldtolearn.Afriendinneedisafriendindeed.B【解析】主旨大意题。根据最后一段可知，由于作者努力学习，作者从5年级直接跳到了7年级。通过作者前后两次去校长办公室的情形对比，让大家深刻领悟到：有志者事竟成。故选B。CAtsomepointinlile,manypeoplesufferamentalproblem.Whilemostpeoplegetoverit,fbrothersitdoesn'tgoawayeasily.TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthatabout20percentofchildrenandteenagersacrosstheglobesufferfrommentalillncss.It'sthoughtthatthenumberofchildrenandteenagerswithmentalillnessaroundtheworldwillincreasebyhalfby2020.Itwillbecomeoneofthemaincausesofdisease,disabilityandevendeath.Thereasonfbrmentalproblemsamongyoungpeoplemaybetheincreasingpressureinlife.Studyandrelationshipshavealwayscausedhugestressesfbrschoolchildren.Forinstance,theyexperienceschoolbullying(欺凌)andacademicpressure.InChina,thepictureisn'tbright,cithcr.About30millionChinesechildrenandteenagersundertheageof17,or10percentofchildrenandteenagersinChina,haveamentalhealthchallenge,reportedChinaDaily.Also,accordingtoChinaDaily,Chinesepeopledon'tseekhelpwiththeirmentalproblcms.Thcyfearthatotherswillthinklessofthemiftheyadmitthat(heyareintrouble.ManyChinesepeopleareashamedoftheirmentalproblemsandmentalillnessisataboo(禁忌)inanyChinesefamilies.IntheUK,overthreequartersofyoungpeoplebelievetheirmentalhealthproblemshaveasocialshameandaquarterofyoungUKpeoplewouldn'taskfbrhelpiftheydevelopedamentalproblem.Youngpeoplewhodon'tseekhelpfortheirconditionmaybecreatingproblemsforthemselvesinthefuture.Ifyoufeelsomethingiswrongwithinyou—seekhelp.Feelingdown?Herearethreethingstotryifyoufeellow.•Gotoapsychologytcachcr.Thcteacherwilllistentoyouandofferhelpfbrfree!,Call800-800-1100.It'sthenumberofahotlinerunbytheMentalHealthResearchandPreventionCenter.Thelineisopen24hoursaday.•Tellyourparentsandvisitthehospitalifthesituationgetsoutofcontrol.语篇解读本文是一篇说明文。在人生的某个阶段，很多人都会有心理问题。虽然大多数人都能克服它，但对另一些人来说，它不容易消失。据估计，到2020年，全球患精神疾病的儿童和青少年人数将增加一半。它将成为导致疾病、残疾甚至死亡的主要原因之-o年轻人应该学会妥善处理他们的精神问题。AccordingtotheWHO.aboutofchildrenandteenagersworldwideexperiencementalillness.A.10percentB.onefifthC.30percentD.threequartersB【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句"TheWorldHealthOrganization(WHO)saysthatabout20percentofchildrenandteenagersacrosstheglobesufferfrommentalillness."可知，世界卫生组织说全球大约20%的儿童和青少年患有精神疾病。故B选项正确。Chinesepeopledon'taskfbrhelpwiththeirmentalhealthproblemsprobablybecause.theythinklessoftheirmentalproblemstheyfearthattheymaygetintotroubletheyareashamedtoadmithavingmentalproblemstheyareunwillingtoavoidtheirmentalillnessC【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段最后一句可知，中国人不寻求心理健康方面的帮助，可能是因为他们羞于承认自己有心理问题。故C选项正确。SchoolchildrenwithmentalhealthproblemsshouldtrythefollowingthreethingsEXCEPT.consultingtheirteachercallingahotlineforadvicecommunicatingwiththeirparentshidingtheirmentalillnessfromothersD［解析】细节理解题。根据文章中的“HerearcthreethingstotryifyouDellow.”可知,有心理健康问题的学生可以尝试咨询老师、拨打热线咨询或者与父母沟通来解决自己的问题。D项”对■他人隐瞒自己的精神疾病”明显与原文不符。故选D。Whatisthepurposeinwritingthisarticle?Toanalyzethemajorcausesofyoungpeople'smentalillness.Todescribethecurrentsituationofyoungpeople'smentalhealth.Tbencourageyoungpeopletodealwiththeirmentalproblemsproperly.TointroducementalproblemstoChineseyoungpeople.C【解析】写作意图题。文章主要介绍了儿童和青少年患有精神疾病的情况，鼓励有心理健康问题的学生尝试咨询老师、拨打热线咨询或者与父母沟通来解决自己的问题。因此推断文章的写作目的是鼓励年轻人妥善处理他们的精神问题。故C选项正确。第二节阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。TipsforHealthyTravelwithChildrenChildrenmakeupasmallbutimportantgroupoftravellers.Theirsmallerbodiesanddevelopingimmune（免疫）systemsmaketheirtravelhealthneedsimportant.IVaccines（疫苗）forchildrenIngeneral,thereisahigherriskformostvaccine-prevenlablediseaseswhentravellingabroad.2.Ifyouareplanningtotravel,checkwhetheryourchild'snonnalvaccinescheduleneedstobechangedtomakesurethattheyarefullyprotectedbeforetravelling.Malaria(疟疾)andchildren3.Childrenareparticularlyatriskofdevelopingseveremalaria.Ifyoumust(ravelwithchildrentoamalariariskarea,visitadoctortodetermineifanti-malarialmedicationisrecommended.Ifanti-malarialmedicationisallowedtotake,keeptheminchild-proofcontainersandoutofreachofchildren.TransportationrisksAirtravelissafeforhealthychildren.4.Someairlineswillnotallownewbornsto11y.Earpaincausedbychangesinpressureduringlandingismorecommoninchildrenthaninaduhs.Tolessen(hepain,babiesshouldbottleorbreastfeed.Olderchildrencanchewgumorbeencouragedtoswalloworyawn.5Signsandsymptoms(症4犬)ofaltitudesicknessinchildrenareoftenmistakenfbrotherillnesses.Achildwithaltitudesicknessmaythrowup,hatetoeat,orbeanxious.Olderchildrenmayalsoshowheadaches,ordifficultybreathing.Asitisdifficulttotellifachildisdevelopingaltitudesicknessandsincealtitudesicknesscandeveloprapidlyinchildren,youmaytraveltonohigherthan2,500m(8,200feet).HighaltitudesicknessPackatravelhealthkitAvoidtakingchildrentoareaswithariskofmalariaAndthesediseasestendtobemoresevere(严重的)inchildrenthaninadultsTherearemanyfactstotakeintoconsiderationwhentravellingwithchildrenItmaybedifficulttogivechildrenanti-malariamedicationbecauseittastesunpleasantHowever,itisnecessarythatyouwaituntilnewbornsareonetotwoweeksoldbeforeflying语篇解读这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲了四点与孩子一起健康旅行需要注意的事项。E［解析】根据上文“Theirsmallerbodiesanddevelopingimmune(免疫)systemsmake(heirtravelhealthneedsimportant.”以及下文对带孩子旅行需要考虑的问题的论述可知，E选项“带孩子旅行时要考虑许多事实”符合上下文语境。故选E。D【解析】根据上文“Ingeneral,thereisahigherriskformostvaccine-preventablediseaseswhentravellingabroad.”中的diseases可对应到D选项中的thesediseaseso故选D。C【解析】根据F文“Childrenareparticularlyatriskofdevelopingseveremalaria.”可知儿童容易得疟疾,因此要避免带孩子去有疟疾风险的地区。故选C。G【解析】根据下文“Someairlineswillnotallownewbornstofly.”中的newborns可对应到G选项中“youwaituntilnewbornsareonetotwowee