人教版必修一Unit4Naturaldisasters重点短语和句型学案

2021-2022学年人教版（2019）必修一:Unit4Naturaldisasters重点短语和句型扇;五粒I口onhand现有（尤指帮助）彳列：Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.【短语拓展】inhand在手头；在进行中byhand用手athand在手边；即将到来handinhand手拉手地；密切关联handin提交，交上handout分发handover移交【巧学助记】feelreallysorrythatwedon'thavetheseproducts（现有）.Povertyandpoorhealthoftengo（密切关联）.Weareaskedto（交）vacationhomeworkonthefirstdayofthesemester.Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircrops（手工）.Therearegoodcafesandarestaurantclose（在手边）.sweepaway消灭，彻底消除彳列：Wecleanthehouseandsweepawaybadluck.【短语拓展】sweepup打扫，清扫sweepaside对置之不理；不理会；全然无视sweepout打扫干净，清扫干净（房间等）【巧学助记】Parentscan't（消除）allobstacles（障碍）fortheirchildren,whoshouldlearntobeindependent,Getabroomand（清扫）thatglass,willyou?Alltheiradvicewas（被无视）,whichisoutofexpectations.calm（...）down（使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来例：Whenyouareangry,trytodosomethingrelaxingtocalmyourselfdown.Calmdownforaminuteandlistentome.【巧学助记】Movedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardly（平青争下来）.Thechildwascrying,sothenursegavehimsometoysto（使他平静下来）.三、句型asif引导的从句asif意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句。其意义和用法与asthough相同。⑴引导表语从句,常置于系动词look,seem,sound,feel,smell等之后。Listentothethunder!Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.听雷声!看来似乎要下雨了。Itlooksasifshe'sgoneawayforafewdays.看起来她好像已经出去几天了。⑵引导方式状语从句。Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴似乎要说什么。（3）asif/asthough引导的从句的语气：①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气；②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设，愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气。下表为表示虚拟的情况:asif/asthough引导的从句虚拟情况从句谓语与现在事实相反一般过去时（be动词，般用were）与过去事实相反过去完成时与将来事实相反would/might/could+动词原形Hetalksasifhekneweverythingaboutit.(与现在事实相反)Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghadhappened.(与故去事实相反)Itseemsasiftherainwouldneverstop.(与将来事实相反)【巧学助记】l.HespeaksEnglishasifhe(be)anativeEnglishspeaker.Hedescribedthecharacterasifhe(meet)themfacetoface.Tomraisedhishandsasif(say)something.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit(happen)yesterday.2.leave+宾语+宾补结构在"leave+宾语+宾补"结构中，leave是使役动词，表示“让……处于(某种状态、某地等)”。具体形式如下：(1)leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语Hisillnesshaslefthimveryweak.Ifscruelofhimtoleavethepoorbeggaroutside.Ican'tfindmypurse.Icouldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butIamnotsure.(2)leave+宾语+名词(多表示一种结果)Hisparentsdiedtwoyearsago,leavinghimanorphan.他的父母两年前去世了,他成了孤儿。(3)leave+宾语+现在分词(现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系)Kate'ssuddenleavingleftusallwonderingwhatwasgoingtohappen,凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。(4)leave+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动或动作的完成，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系)Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.【巧学助记】VincentvanGogh'spaintingsoftenleaveaudience(guess)andmakethemusetheirimagination.Shedidn'tfeelexcitedatthenewsthatshewasofferedagoodjob,leavingus(confuse).Thebigfireleftthekitchenseriously(damage)andtheovencompletely(destroy).她把钥匙忘在了办公室。She.“主语+be+adj.(+forsb.)+不定式”句型句型特点：(1)此处的形容词多表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,dangerous,cheap,heavy等。(2)不定式中的动词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表被动意义。(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并由for引出(4)若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上符合句意的相应介词。例：Thechairiscomfortabletositon.【巧学助记】Thequestionisdifficultforsuchalittleboy(answer).Themachineiseasy(operate)andanybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.这位秘书很不好相处。Thissecretaryis.sb.bedoingsth.when...此句表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)……”，句中when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。when表示“这时,那时(突然)”时,相当于andthen,andjustthen或andatthattime,when可以suddenly连用以加强语气。在此句型中，when不能用while替换。彳列：Heisdreamingawonderfuldreamwhenthefirealarmbeginsringing.【句型拓展】beabouttodosth.when…某人正要做某事，这时突然(2)beonthepointofdoingsth.when…某人正要做某事，这时突然(3)hadjustdonesth.when...某人刚做完某事，这时突然【巧学助记】Thetrain(leave)whenIhurriedtothestation.Jack(work)inthelabwhenthepowercutoccurred.Tomwasabout(close)thewindowwhenhisattentionwasattractedbyabird.Thecoachwasonthepointof(give)upwhenourteamscoredagoal.“make+it+形容词/名词+不定式/从句”句型句型特点：(1)此处it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式/从句(2)可用于此结构的动词除了make外，还包括：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel等。(3)宾补的两种形式：形容词和名词。彳列：Thismakesitpossibleforagricultureandindustrytodevelopquickly.Hemakesitarulenevertoborrowmoney.Hemakesitclearwhatheintendedtodo.【巧学助记】mustmakeclearthatIwillsupportyouforever.2.Shesaystheseactivitiesatbedtimecangetkidsallexcitedandmakehardforthemtocalmdownandsleep.3.1finditdifficult(do)thejobwell.翻译句子.他认为养家是他的责任。.我们认为抱怨是没有用的。.我们都认为跟他们争论此事是值得的。2021-2022学年人教版(2019)必修一：Unit4Naturaldisasters重点短语和句型答案版扇；五粒I口onhand现有(尤指帮助)彳列：Theemergencyserviceswereonhandwithmedicaladvice.【短语拓展】inhand在手头；在进行中byhand用手athand在手边;即将到来handinhand手拉手地；密切关联handin提交,交上handout分发handover移交【巧学助记】feelreallysorrythatwedon'thavetheseproducts（现有）.Povertyandpoorhealthoftengo（密切关联）.Weareaskedto（交）vacationhomeworkonthefirstdayofthesemester.Ricefarmersherestillplantandharvesttheircrops（手工）.Therearegoodcafesandarestaurantclose（在手边）.［答案］1.onhand2.handinhand3.handin4.byhand5.athandsweepaway消灭，彻底消除彳列：Wecleanthehouseandsweepawaybadluck.【短语拓展】sweepup打扫，清扫sweepaside对置之不理；不理会；全然无视sweepout打扫干净，清扫干净（房间等）【巧学助记】Parentscan't（消除）allobstacles（障碍）fortheirchildren,whoshouldlearntobeindependent.Getabroomand（清扫）thatglass,willyou?Alltheiradvicewas（被无视）,whichisoutofexpectations.【答案】1.sweepaway2.sweepup3.sweptasidecalm（...）down（使）平静下来，（使）镇定下来彳列：Whenyouareangry,trytodosomethingrelaxingtocalmyourselfdown.Calmdownforaminuteandlistentome.【巧学助记】Movedbywhatshesaid,hecouldhardly（平静下来）.Thechildwascrying,sothenursegavehimsometoysto（使他平静下来）.［答案］1.calmdown2.calmhimdown三、句型asif引导的从句asif意为“似乎，好像”，可以引导表语从句和方式状语从句。其意义和用法与asthough相同。⑴引导表语从句,常置于系动词look,seem,sound,feel,smell等之后。Listentothethunder!Itseemsasifitisgoingtorain.听雷声!看来似乎要下雨了。Itlooksasifshe'sgoneawayforafewdays.看起来她好像已经出去几天了。⑵引导方式状语从句。Heopenedhismouthasifhewouldsaysomething.他张开嘴似乎要说什么。（3）asif/asthough引导的从句的语气：①如果从句所表示的情况有明显的依据或实现的可能性较大，那么从句就用陈述语气；②如果从句所表示的情况没有依据，只是表达一种假设，愿望、怀疑或推测，那么就用虚拟语气。下表为表示虚拟的情况:asif/asthough引导的从句虚拟情况从句谓语与现在事实相反一般过去时（be动词，般用were）与过去事实相反过去完成时与将来事实相反would/might/could+动词原形Hetalksasifhekneweverythingaboutit.(与现在事实相反)Hecontinuedworkingasifnothinghadhappened.(与故去事实相反)Itseemsasiftherainwouldneverstop.(与将来事实相反)【巧学助记】l.HespeaksEnglishasifhe(be)anativeEnglishspeaker.Hedescribedthecharacterasifhe(meet)themfacetoface.Tomraisedhishandsasif(say)something.Elizarememberseverythingexactlyasifit(happen)yesterday.【答案】1.were2.hadmet3.tosay4.happened2.leave+宾语+宾补结构在"leave+宾语+宾补"结构中，leave是使役动词，表示“让……处于(某种状态、某地等)具体形式如下：(1)leave+宾语+形容词/副词/介词短语Hisillnesshaslefthimveryweak.It'scruelofhimtoleavethepoorbeggaroutside.Ican'tfindmypurse.Icouldhaveleftitinthesupermarketyesterday,butIamnotsure.leave+宾语+名词(多表示一种结果)Hisparentsdiedtwoyearsago,leavinghimanorphan.他的父母两年前去世了,他成了孤儿。(3)leave+宾语+现在分词(现在分词表示主动及动作或状态的延续，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系)Kate'ssuddenleavingleftusallwonderingwhatwasgoingtohappen,凯特的突然离去使我们大家都想知道将要发生什么事。(4)leave+宾语+过去分词(过去分词表示被动或动作的完成，其中宾语与构成宾补的动词之间形成逻辑上的动宾关系)Thebadweatherlefttheprojecthalffinished.【巧学助记】VincentvanGogh'spaintingsoftenleaveaudience(guess)andmakethemusetheirimagination.Shedidn'tfeelexcitedatthenewsthatshewasofferedagoodjob,leavingus(confuse).Thebigfireleftthekitchenseriously(damage)andtheovencompletely(destroy).她把钥匙忘在了办公室。She.【答案】1.guessing2.confused3.damaged;destroyed4.leftherkeysintheoffice3.“主语+be+adj.(+forsb.)+不定式”句型句型特点：(1)此处的形容词多表示主语的性质、特征的词。常见的此类形容词有：easy,difficult,hard,important,impossible,interesting,pleasant,nice,comfortable,dangerous,cheap,heavy等。(2)不定式中的动词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，但不定式用主动形式表被动意义。(3)不定式有时会带上自己的逻辑主语，并由for引出(4)若不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上符合句意的相应介词。例：Thechairiscomfortabletositon.【巧学助记】Thequestionisdifficultforsuchalittleboy(answer).Themachineiseasy(operate)andanybodycanlearntouseitinafewminutes.这位秘书很不好相处。Thissecretaryis.【答案】1.toanswer2.tooperate3.verydifficulttogetalongwithsb.bedoingsth.when...此句表示“某人正在做某事，这时(突然)……”，句中when是并列连词，连接两个并列分句，前一分句通常用过去进行时，后一分句通常用一般过去时。when表示“这时，那时(突然)”时，相当于andthen,andjustthen或andatthattime.when可以suddenly连用以加强语气。在此句型中，when不能用while替换。彳列：Heisdreamingawonderfuldreamwhenthefirealarmbeginsringing.【句型拓展】beabouttodosth.when…某人正要做某事,这时突然(2)beonthepointofdoingsth.when…某人正要做某事，这时突然(3)hadjustdonesth.when...某人刚做完某事，这时突然【巧学助记】Thetrain(leave)whenIhurr