专题11-第十一章非谓语动词（初高区别及衔接）（学生版）-2021-2022学年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版2020）

第十一章非谓语动词初中知识回顾初中学到的非谓语动词，通常充当的是宾语或者宾语补足语的成分回顾一：后面可跟动词的・ing形式的情况finish,enjoy,practice,imagine,avoid,consider,suggest,mind,keep等动词后要接动词的-ing形式。feellike,bebusy,beworth,spendtime(in),havedifficult/troublein,havefun,等固定短语后面也接动词的-ing形式。on,in,of,about,at,with,without,for,from,up,by等介词后也要动词的-ing形式。.After(停放)hiscar,hegoesstraighttotaketheplane..一Wearenowbusy2fortheSeniorHighSchoolEntranceExamination.一Isee.Justtakeiteasy.3.1spent24hoursaweek(develop)myskills.SoIwasrewardedwiththefirstplacemedalsinnearlyeverycompetition.tistruethateveryone'sdreamisworth(坚持)to..MostkidsliketogoswithfamiliesinthemallonSunday,butJenniferthoughtdifferently..Luke,youhavekeptmystorybookfortwoweeks.Wouldyoumindrittomerightnow?.You'dbettergiveup(吸烟)tooasitmaystartafire.回顾二：后面可跟动词的不定式的情况agree,afford,decide,hope,wish,fail,plan,pretend,refuse,wouldlike,want,learn,prefer,seem等动词可跟动词的不定式形式。can'twait(see)theAlhambraPalaceandotherplacesofinterest..Annaopenedherarms,justintime(stop)theballasitwasgoingtofallintotheriver..Thehenagreed(do)so,andtheeagleflewaway..Therobotteachersareused(help)improvelearning.回顾三：后面既能跟不定式也能跟动名词的情况有些动词接doing和todo意义相近，像like(喜欢)，love(喜欢)等词后加不定式或动名词区别不大。有些动词后加不定式或动名词，语意区别很大，如：remembertodo(记住要去做)hadtoclimbthetrees.Onhisparticularday,hegottothetopofonetreeandsomethingcaughthiseye.Helookedoutacrossthetreesandsawthetopsofsomeoldbuildings.Tutdidn'treallyknowwhathehadseenbutheknewitwassomethingspecial.Heran4(tell)thelocalgovernor,andtogetherthey5(walk)intothejungle.TheretheyfoundTikal(蒂卡尔),acitythattheMayans(玛雅人)6(build)manyhundredsofyearsbefore.Thetwomensawtemplesandpyramids,squaresandhouses,andplaceswherekingshadlivedwhentheMayanpeopleruledtheregion.Foralongtimebeforethatday,localpeoplehadknownthatsomewhereinthejungletherewasanoldMayancity,butnoonehadseenitforcenturies.Between200and900AD,thecityofTikalhadbeenthecenterofMayancivilizationintheregion,butthentheMayansleftthereandnobodyknowswhy!After1000AD,thejunglebegan7_(cover)itandpeopleforgotthatitwasthere.SevenyearsbeforeTutlookedoutforthetrees,twoBritishexplorershadgonetoGuatemalaandhadwrittenareportaboutMayantreasuresinthejungle,buttheydidn'tmentionTikal.Evenearlierthanthis,localIndianshadtoldEuropeantravelersaboutagreatcity8(hide)inthetrees,butnoonewouldlistentothem.Nowthe9(lose)cityhadbeenfoundagain,andarchaeologistswentthereimmediately10(see)it...9.10.四Nowadays,moreandmoreChineseareawareoffoodwasteissues.Evenyoungpeopletend1(take)hometheirleftoverswhen2(dine)out,mostofwhomwouldpackthedishinadoggiebagiftheleftoversarestillingoodshapeandtherearealsoalotleft,accordingtothesurvey3(conduct)byChinaYouthDaily.Thepeople4(bear)inthe1980sor1990sbelievethat5(save)foodisavirtue.Youngpeoplealsogavetheiropinionsonhow6(help)reducefoodwaste.Someadvisedrestaurants7(offer)theservingchopsticks,whichwouldbehelpfulforcustomers8(pack)theleftovers.Otherssaiditmightbeusefultopromotesmallerorhalf-portiondishes.Anothergoodsuggestionisthatcateringbusinessesgiveawaycoupons(优惠券)tocustomerswhocleartheirplatesatdinner.Chinalaunchedacampaignagainstfoodwastein2013andrenewedthecallearlythisyear9(create)anincreasinglyprosperoussociety.Wecanallplayapartin10(reach)thenationalfoodwastereductiongoal一toreducefoodwasteby50%inthenext10years.五Thestoryhappenedinancienttimes.Akingwassocleverthathethoughtofagoodway1(test)whetherhismenwerereliable.Oneday,hehadahugerock2(place)onaroadwayatnight.Thenhehidhimselfnearbyandwatchedcarefullytoseeifanyonewouldremovethebigrock.Somewealthybusinessmenandhighofficialscameby,buttheysimplywalkedaroundit.Manyofthemevenloudlyblamedthekingfornot3(keep)theroadsclear,butnoneofthemwouldbother4(get)thebigstoneoutoftheway.Thenavillagercamealong5(carry)aloadofvegetables.Onapproachingthebigrock,hestoppedandlaiddownhisburden,6(try)hardtomovethestonetothesideoftheroad.After7(push)manytimes,hefinallysucceeded.Asthevillagerpickeduphisloadofvegetables,henoticedapurse8(lie)intheroadwheretherockhadbeen.Thepursecontainedmanygoldcoinsandanotefromtheking,9(say)thatthegoldwasforthepersonwhoremovedthehugerockfromtheroad.Thevillagerlearnedavaluablelessonthatmanyotherswouldneverunderstand:Everyobstaclepresentsanopportunity10(improve)one'scondition.六短文改错MynameisJack.KnowthattheStudentUnionislookingforvolunteers,Iamwritingtomakinganapplication.Ireallywantgetthisopportunity.Byoffermyservice,notonlywillIbeabletoimprovemyoralEnglishandcommunicationskills,butIcanalsomakemorefriend.Asanoutgoingboy,Iamwarm-heartedandalwaysenjoyhelpothers.Ioncetookpartinanactivitybeingorganizedbythelocalcommunitytoofferhelpforsomehomelesspeople.Besides,IamfluentinEnglishsoIhavenodifficultycommunicatewithEnglishspeakers.Inaword,IbelieveIamqualifiedfortheposition.Hopeful,youwilltakemyapplicationintoconsideration.Lookingforwardtoyourreply.rememberdoing(记得已做过)forgettodo(忘记去做)forgetdoing(忘记做过)1.-TthinkyoushouldstophiminEnglish.-Isee.Hecan'tunderstandEnglishatall.LetmetryinFrench.A.talkingtoB.totalktoC.talktoD.totalkingto回顾四：后面跟不带to的不定式(动词原形)的情况.在感官动词和使役动词后feel,hear,listento,watch,lookat,see,notice,make,let,have等后跟动词不定式作宾语补足语时应省去不定式符号to注意：将此句改为被动句时，省去的不定式符号to应加上。在动词help后跟不定式作宾语或宾语补足语时，既可带to,也可不带to。.助动词或情态动词后do,did,does,will,shall,would,should,can,may,must等后面接不带to的动词不定式。.某些固定句型中(1)在祈使语气(或口语)中。(2)hadbetter最好做某事(3)Will(Would)youplease(not)...?i#(不要)做某事好吗?(4)Whynot.?为何不做某事(5)wouldrather(not)…宁可(不)；宁愿(不)。此句型也可以扩展成：wouldrather...than...=would...ratherthan...prefertodosth.ratherthandosth.4.1wantedtoseetheBeijingOpera,soLinglingofferedmetowatchanopera.A.tookB.takesC.totakeD.taking回顾五：既可跟动词原形又可跟动词・iiig形式的情况see,watch,hear等动词后面既可跟原形又可跟动名词形式，跟原形时表示做过或经常做，跟动名词时表示正在做。5.1triedtomakeAlicehermindbutIfounditdifficult.-Well,IsawyouthatwhenIwentpast.A.changed;doB.changes;doingC.change;todoD.change;doing

随堂练习.Maybeitisnotalwayseasy(discover)yourself.Butifyoudo,youwillhaveanewstart..MaybeIcanevenencourageyou(go)foraswim..Butyouwokeupinthemiddleofthenight,only(find)thatyoucouldnDtfallbackasleep!.UncleJohnplans(grow)corntofeedpigs..Thenextday,Sallywent(购物)afteraquicklunch..ThebookIboughtyesterdayisworth(阅读)..Nowyou'reready(start)theapp..Nevertheless,thatshouldn'tstopyoufrom(have)agreattime..Ontheotherhand,itistruethatyouspendlesstime(work)ifyoutakeanap.10.1hadtouseareallyold,basicphonejust(keep)meintouchwithmyfamilyandfriends.高中知识衔接高中阶段，非谓语动词的学习更加深入，我们将要学习到它们充当句子各种成分的用法。知识一：作主语不定式短语或者动名词短语作主语时，为了使句子结构平衡，常将不定式短语或者动名词短语放在谓语之后，而用t作形式主语。如：Itisourdutytogiveasmuchhelpaspossible.提供尽可能多的帮助是我们的职责。Toerrishuman,toforgiveisdivine.犯错误是人之常情，宽恕才难能可贵。Seeingisbelieving.眼见为实。拓展动名词和不定式都可作主语，在许多情况下可以通用，但动名词作主语多表示一般或抽象或多次的行为，不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作。在Itisnouse/good,notanyuse/good,useless后人们习惯用动名词。经典例题.-Whatdoyousupposemadeherworried?agoldring.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.Becauseoflosing.tosunlightfortoomuchtimewilldoharmtoone'sskin.A.LoseB.LostC.LosingD.BecauseoflosingA.ExposedB.HavingexposedC.BeingexposedD.Afterbeingexposed【弓I申】Ifsimportantforthefiguresregularly.A.tobeupdatedB.tohavebeenupdatedC.toupdateD.tohaveupdated知识二：作表语动名词作表语多表示抽象性的或习惯性的动作，当表示下一步打算时多用不定式作表语。分词作表语，多表示性质或者状态。如：Myjobistohelpthepatient.我的工作是帮助病人。MyjobisteachingyouEnglish.我的工作是教你英语。Thenewsisinspiring.这消息令人鼓舞。Thewindowisbroken.W户破了。拓展不定式作表语时，不定式前可用what,who,which,where.when,how,why等疑问词构成不定式短语。如：Thequestionishowtodothejobwell.问题是怎样做好这项工作。要注意不定式作表语与“betodo"结构的不同：不定式作表语说明主语的性质或内容，而“bet。do”结构表示安排要做的事情。如：Mynextplanistodrawapictureforthehouse.我的下一个计划是为这座房子画一幅图。（不定式作表语）Wearetomeetattheschoolgateatsix.我们约好六点在学校门口见面。（betodo表示安排）经典例题InApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremainedabroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.stickingB.stuckC.tobestuckD.tohavestuck【引申】Ladiesandgentlemen,pleaseremainuntiltheplanehascometoacompletestop.A.seatedB.seatingC.toseatD.seat知识三：作定语1动词不定式作定语，常表示将来的动作。如：Themeetingtobeheldnextweekwillbeofgreatimportance.下周将要举行的会议极为重要。说明作定语的不定式如果与其前面所修饰的名词有逻辑上的动宾关系，然而动词又为不及物动词，动词后要加介词或副词，使其成为及物动词词组。如：Willyoufindmeapentowritewith?你能给我找一支写字的笔吗？2,单个分词作定语一般放在所修饰词的前面，短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面。如：Thequestionbeingdiscussedisimportanttous.正讨论的这个问题对我们来说很重要。Theexcitedpeoplerushedintothebuilding.兴奋的人们冲进了大楼。注意：不定式的被动语态作定语表达将来的动作，过去分词作定语表达过去或完成的动作，现在分词被动语态的一般式表达一种正在进行的动作。（l）Themeetingtobeheldnextweekisabouthowwecandealwiththisproblem.下周要开的会是关于我们如何解决这个问题的。（tobeheld=whichistobeheld,beto在此表达将来）（2）Thebookpublishedlastmonthsellswell.上月出版的那本书卖得很好。（publishedwhichwaspublished,此时published不可用tobepublished或beingpublished代替）（3）Thebuildingbeingbuiltnowwillbefinishedintendays.正在建筑的那栋楼将在10天内完工。（beingbuilt=whichisbeingbuilt,表示正在进行的动作）经典例题Theisland,tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined【弓I申】l.We*rehavingameetinginhallanhour.Thedecisionatthemeetingwillinthefutureofourcompany.A.tobemadeB.beingmadeC.madeD.havingbeenmade2.Time,correctly,ismoneyinthebank.A.touseB.usedC.usingD.use知识四：作状语不定式可以作状语，表示目的、原因、结果。如：Shearrivedearlyinordertogetagoodseat.她到得很早，图的就是弄个好座位。（目的）Thechildistooyoungtogotoschool.这孩子太小，不能去上学。（结果）Wewereexcitedtohearthenews.听到这个消息，我们激动了。（原因）说明不定式也可以作结果状语，然而不定式多表达意料之外的结果，而现在分词表达意料之中的结果。如：ShewenttoShanghaispeciallytoseeherbrother,onlytofindthathehadgonetoBeijingafewdaysbefore.她专程去上海看望她的兄弟，却发现他几天前去了北京。Theygotupveryearlythatday,findingnobodyinthestationwhentheygotthere.那天他6］彳艮早就起床了，至U了车站却发现那里空无一人。经典例题Sarahpretendedtobecheerful,nothingabouttheargument.A.saysB.saidC.tosayD.saying【引申】.toworkovertimethatevening,!missedawonderfulfilm.A.HavingbeenaskedB.ToaskC.HavingaskedD.Tobeasked.Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlyhisplanehighupinthesky.A.findingB.tofindC.beingfoundD.tohavefound知识五：非谓语动词的时态与语态.不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式形式，既有主动语态又有被动语态两种语态。有todo,tobedone,tobedoing,tohavedone,tohavebeendone等形式。（1）不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与谓语的动作（状态）同时（或几乎同时）发生，或是在它之后发生。如：Fmsorrytotellyouthatyouarewrongthistime.我很遗憾地告诉你这次是你错了。⑵如果谓语表示的动作（情况）发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行，这时不定式就要用进行式。如：Iamverygladtobetalkingwithyou.我很高兴与你交谈。⑶如果不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前，就要用完成式。如：I'msorrytohavekeptyouwaitingforsuchalongtime.对不起，让你久等了。当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式要用被动语态。如：Heaskedtobesenttoworkinthecountryside.他要求去农村工作。.动名词的时态分为一般式和完成式两种形式。如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式；如果与谓语动词的动作同时发生或在其后发生，则用一般式。如：I'msorryfornothavingkeptmypromise.对不起，我没有遵守诺言。.分词的时态和语态。过去分词表示被动或完成的动作，因而没有完成式和被动语态。现在分词有一般式和完成式两种形式，有主动语态和被动语态两种语态，有doing,havingdone,havingbeendone等形式。经典例题Asthetwentiethcenturycametoaclose,therawmaterialsforagreatnationalliteraturewereathand,waitingA.touseB.tobeusedC.tohaveusedD.tobeusing【弓I申】1.aroundthefire,thetouristsdancedwiththelocalpeople.A.GatherB.TogatherC.GatheringD.Tobegathering2.fromthetopofthetower,thesouthfootofthemountainisaseaoftrees.A.SeenB.SeeingC.HavingseenD.Tosee知识六：现在分词作状语现在分词作状语，相当于一个表示原因、时间、方式、条件、结果等情况的状语从句，根据需要可以使用被动式或完成式。(1)表示时间,相当于when,while引导的状语从句。例如：Hewentthroughthepaperswhilelisteningtomusic.他边浏览报纸，边听音乐。⑵表示条件，相当于引导的条件状语从句。例如：Beinggivenoncemorechance,!willfinishthetask!假如再给我一次机会，我会完成任务的！(3)表示原因，相当于because,since,for,as等引导的原因状语从句。例如：Beingill,shecan*tgotoworktoday.因为生病，今天她不能上班了。(4)表示让步，相当于though,although或nomatter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句。例如：Althoughworkinghardeveryday,westillhaveendlessworktodealwith.我们即使每天拼命干活，还是有处理不完的工作。⑸表示结果，相当于结果状语从句。例如：Theircarwascaughtinatrafficjam,causingthedelay.他们的车遇上了交通堵塞,结果耽搁了。(6)表示方式或伴随状语。例如：Theylayonthegrass,lookingatthesky.他们躺在草地上，仰望着天空。思考总结常见的非谓语动词表达可以用这样一句话来记忆：ing表示主动进行，ed表示被动完成，不定式表示目的结果未发生。其常见的考点为：1,区别现在分词和过去分词作定语时的区别；2.判断不定式的主动形式和被动形式；3.积累只能跟动名词的动词和只能跟不定式的动词。随堂练习考点一非谓语动词作宾语I,单句填空l.Itwashethatfirstsetupprivateschoolsandacceptedstudentsfromeverywalkoflifewithout(consider)theirsocialstatus.2.SoIattempted(translate)throughthethingstheywerefamiliarwith.3.Inmymind,they'rehelpingustobecomecalmandconsider(win)andsolvingrealproblemsaswell.4.Sometimes,bycaringonlyaboutthecups,wefail(enjoy)thecoffee.考点二非谓语动词作定语.Theeventservesnotonlyasaspectacularceremonytocommemoratetheworld-famousChinesephilosopher,butachance(celebrate)Chineseculturetogetherwithotherlocalcommunities..Thefood(prepare)inthiswaykeepsitsfreshflavorandit'sthisflavorthatattractspeoplefromothercountriestotheartofChinesecooking..Asheunwrappedthegift,hesawthatitwasabook(name)TheGreatestStoryEverTold..Formanypeople,especiallythose(live)intheoldpartsoftowns,thisisundoubtedlyaproblem..Thissitereportssciencenews(cover)awiderangeofsubjects.考点三非谓语动词作主语、表语.Forhissecondappearanceinfrontofthecamera,Chaplinselectedthecostumewithwhichhebecame(identify)..(have)abalancedandhealthydietisanothergoodchoice..Hisnewideawas(make)theshellshapesontheroofintotheshapeofaball.考点四非谓语动词作状语I.单句填空.Pekingoperahasarichlistofplays,artists,troupes(居U团)，andwideinfluences,(make)ittheleadingoperainChina..(inspire)bythesparrowhawk(鹰)circlingaroundinthesky,LuBanmadeonewithbambooandcalledit“bamboosparrow”.3.IntheSongDynasty,peopleloadedgunpowderonakite(attack)theenemybyflyingitintotheskyabovetheenemycamp,whereitexplodedandcausedchaos.4.Theyloseweightforawhile,only(gain)morewhentheystoptheprogram.考点五非谓语动词作补语.Theystartbuildingtheirhutslateinthesummer,butdonotgetthem(finish)beforetheearlyfrosts..Goalscanhelpyoudoandexperienceeverythingyouwantinlifeandgoal