不定式丛振滋演示文稿

动词不定式：烟台工贸学校丛振滋1.动词不定式的构成：“to+动词原形”

例：tostudyhard2.不定式没有人称和数的变化，可在句中作主语、宾语、宾补、表语、定语、状语一、做主语:1.不定式做主语，谓语动词用单数形式。

Tohelpothersisapleasantthing.Tomasteraforeignlanguageisveryimportant.2.不定式作主语，有时为避免头重脚轻，常用it做形式主语，而把不定式放在句末。

It’sourdutytotakegoodcareoftheold.Ittookusthreehourstogetthere.3.动词不定式的复合结构：即不定式的逻辑主语①Itis+adj.(表示事物或行为的特点、性质，如difficult,easy,hard,important,impossiblenecessary)+forsb.todosth.句型

It’simportantforustolearnEnglishwell.

It’sgoodforyoutotakeexerciseeveryday.②Itis+adj.(表示人的品格或特点，如carelesscleverfoolishhonestkindlazynicerightsillystupidrudepoliteimpolitebraveselfish)+ofsb.todosth.It’sverykindofyoutohelpmewithmywork.Itistooimpoliteofyoutospeaktotheteacherlikethis.二、做宾语

1.不定式作宾语，常放在某些动词之后：wantdecidefailwishexpectpretendchooserefusehopeaskmanageofferlearn等

IwanttogotocollegeafterIfinishschool.Hepretendednottohaveseenme.Ihopetohearfromyousoon..2.动词不定式作宾语时，如果还带有宾语补足语，往往把动词不定式放在宾补之后，而用it作形式宾语。句型：主语+find(s)/feel(s)/think(s)/make(s)/believe(s)/consider(s)等+it+adj./n.+todosth.Ifinditdifficulttobelievehim.Ifeelitanhonortobeyourpupil.3.一些动词后面既可接不定式又可接动词的-ing形式作宾语,但意思不一样stoptodosth停下来去做另外一件事，stopdoingsth停止正在做的事remembertodosth记住要做某事(未做)，rememberdoingsth记得做过某事(已做)goontodosth接着做另一件事，goondoingsth继续做同一件事forgettodosth忘了做某事(事还未做)，forgetdoingsth忘了曾做过某事＂(事已做)

三、做宾补带to的不定式作宾补

Myteachertoldmetotakenotesinclass.Motherremindedmenottomakefriendsontheinternet.2.在下列感官动词和使役动词之后，宾补不带to【一感（feel）二听（hear,listento）三让（let,have,make）四看（see,watch,lookat,notice）】Isawhimplayinthepark.Iheardherlockthedoor.

这类动词变为被动语态时，不定式前要加toAchildwasseentoenterthebuildingShewasoftenheardtosingthissong.3.help后接动词不定式做宾补，to可带可不带。Theycanhelpyou(to)learnEnglish.四、做表语：放在系动词be,seem等之后。1.说明主语的具体内容

Herwishistobecomeadoctorinthefuture.

Mytaskseemstobeveryeasy.

2.表其他,如:目的。Thiswallistokeeppeopleoutofthegarden.五、做定语：动词不定式作定语，一般做后置定语Thenextpersontospeakisourmathteacher.1.中心名词被形容词最高级、序数词修饰时，用动词不定式（短语）作定语

Heisalwaysthefirsttocomeandthelasttoleave.Thisisthebestarticletoappearinthenewspaperthisyear.2.动词不定式常用来修饰不定代词或某些抽

象名词，

Ihavesomethingtodo.

Herwishtobecomeanexcellentnursewillsooncometrue.注意：当不定式动词是不及物动词时，应在该动词后加上一个介词。

Hehasanicepentowritewith.Theyhadonlyacoldroomtolivein.六,做状语1.目的状语：不定式做目的状语，还可以使用inorderto或soasto

(soasto不能放在句首)Iamgoingouttodosomeshopping.IwenttoAmericainordertolearnEnglish.2.结果状语：不定式做结果状语,还可以使用enoughto,too…to…,Thechildrenareoldenoughtotakecareofthemselves.Heistooyoungtogotoschool.3.原因状语：不定式作原因状语通常放在某些形容词之后。如：sorry,glad,surprised,disappointed,excitedI'mgladtoseeyou.七：带疑问词的不定式不定式和疑问词连用，可做主语、宾语和表语等Whenandwheretohavethepartyisnotknown.(主语)Nooneknowshowtodoit?(Nooneknowswhattodonext?)（宾语）Theproblemiswheretogetacomputer.（表语）八：

动词不定式的否定形式：notto+动词原形

The

teacher

told

us

not

to

swim

in

thatriver.

It's

unfair

not

to

tell

us.

Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby√√√√九：不定式to的省略。感官动词和使役动词之后，宾补不带to（已讲）做简短回答或避免不必要的重复时，动词不定式常省略to后面的动词，只保留to---Wouldyouliketocometomyparty?---Yes,I’dliketo.(cometoyourparty)Marywantedtousemybike.,butIaskedhernotto.(usemybike)固定句型：whynotdo…?Willyoupleasedo…?hadbetterdo…wouldratherdo…thando…Prefertodo…ratherthando…“Mr.Zhang,you’dbetter____toomuchmeat.Youarealreadyoverweight,”saidthedoctor.A.nottoeatB.toeatC.noteatD.eat2.Wesawhim___thebuildingandgoupstairs.

A.toenterB.enterC.enteringD.entered3.Mymotheroftenasksme___early.A.getupB.gotupC.gettingupD.togetup4.“Don’talwaysmakehim___thisorthat.Heisalreadyabigboy,dear.”Mr.Bushsaidtohiswife.A.doB.todoC.doesD.did5.Theboywastoobusy__hisfatherlastterm.

A.tohearfromB.towritetoC.hearingfromD.writeto

√√√√√

6.Excuseme.Wouldyoupleasetellme___buyadigitalcamera?

A.whattoB.wheretoC.whatIcanD.wherecanI

7.Youmustbeverytired.Whynot____arest?

A.tostoptohaveB.tostophavingC.stoptohaveD.stophaving

8.Thereisgoing___anEnglishpartythiseveninginourschool.A.tobeB.tohaveC.havingD.being

9.Remember___yourhomeworkheretomorrow.

A.tobringB.totakeC.bringingD.taking

10.Theteacherwarnedhisstudents___onthethinice.

A.notskatingB.noskatingC.toskateD.nottoskate√√√√√

11.—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgot____.A.turningitoffB.turnoffC.toturnitoffD.havingturneditoff12.Johnwasmade___thetruckforaweekasapunishment.

A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing

13.It___forty-fiveminutes___therebybus.

A.cost;togetB.takes;gettingC.takes;togetD.takes;togetto

14.Heis