词以类记-托福iBT-听力分类学术词汇-1

政治、经济学类subsistence存活，生活subsistencewage刚够养家糊口的工资subsistencelevel收支平衡的生活水平kinship亲属关系，血缘关系commodity商品check支票；收据；账单bankloan银行贷款interest利息withdraw从银行账户中提款honor(acheque/bill/draft)承兑arunonabank挤兑theGreatDepression大萧条consumerism消费主义〔认为高消费对个人和社会有利的看法〕；保护消费者权益主义affluence富裕，富足sophisticated世故的，老练的；复杂的，尖端的教育学highereducation高等教育moralcharacter道德品质domain领域faculty全体教员alumni校友treasurer生活委员/财务大臣electivesystem选课制度curriculum课程〔总称〕discipline学科/管理learnbyrote死记硬背encyclopedias百科全书/专科全书建筑学architecture建筑学architect建筑学家construct结构wing辐楼/侧楼design设计elevator电梯skyscraper摩天大楼designelement设计元素logstructure原木结构cabin小木屋beam梁prototype原型buildingtechnique建筑工艺newmaterial新材料metal-frame金属结构repairperson修理工planetarium天文馆aquarium水族馆archives档案馆officebuilding写字楼cathedral大教堂mosque清真寺thestatueofliberty自由女神像thetriumphalarch凯旋门sphinx狮身人面像pyramid金字塔castle城堡动物学zoology动物学Darwinism达尔文学说naturalselection自然选择phylum门class纲order目suborder亚目family科genus属species种invertebrate无脊椎动物vertebrate脊椎动物aquaticlife水生动物reptile爬行动物amphibian/amphibiousanimal两栖动物protozoa原生动物rodent啮齿动物ruminant反刍动物parasiticanimal寄生动物primate灵长动物plankton浮游生物mollusk软体动物coelenterate腔肠动物〔如水母、海蜇、珊瑚等〕herbivore食草动物mammal哺乳动物homotherm恒温动物cold-bloodedanimal冷血动物poikilotherm变温动物scavenger食腐动物carnivorous食肉的herbivorous食草的omnivorous杂食的bird鸟类camouflage伪装hibernate冬眠；蛰伏regeneration再生predatory/carnivore食肉的predator捕食者prey捕食hordes/swarms〔昆虫等〕群flock〔牛、羊等〕群community动物的群落或人的部落population种群herd兽群hygiene卫生sanitation公共卫生；卫生设施monogamous一夫一妻的/一雌一雄的polygamous一夫多妻的/一雄多雌的polyandrous一妻多夫的/一雌多雄的nomadic游牧的；流浪的trapper诱捕动物者niche小生态环境vestige退化器fertilizer使受精metabolism新陈代谢breed〔名词〕品种；〔动词〕繁殖multiply/reproduce繁殖spawn〔鱼、虾、蛙等〕孵anatomy解剖学appetite食欲creature生物scales鳞feathers羽毛armor甲spinalcord脊椎digestivesystem消化系统excretorysystem排泄系统reproductivesystem生殖系统circulatorysystem循环系统respiratorysystem呼吸系统hormonalsystem内分泌系统digestiveduct消化管esophagus食管stomach胃smallintestine小肠largeintestine大肠anus肛门digestivegland消化腺salivarygland唾液腺liver肝gallbladder胆pancreas胰水生动物jellyfish水母nettlefish海蜇coral珊瑚dolphin海豚whale鲸鱼shrimp小虾prawn对虾lobster龙虾crab螃蟹mussel贻贝；蚌类clam蛤蜊oyster牡蛎sponge海绵starfish海星squid鱿鱼；乌贼burro/octopus章鱼sole鳎；鳎目鱼plaice鲽，红斑比目鱼哺乳动物squirrel松鼠marten貂bat蝙蝠squeak〔老鼠等〕吱吱otter水獭antelope羚羊gorilla大猩猩chimpanzee黑猩猩baboon狒狒hyena鬣狗moose驼鹿beaver海狸elk麋鹿reindeer驯鹿giraffe长颈鹿rhinoceros犀牛hippo河马sloth树懒slothful懒惰的两栖动物、爬行动物frog青蛙tadpole蝌蚪salamander蝾螈scorpion蝎子turtle龟lizard蜥蜴chameleon变色龙caymen/crocodile鳄鱼centipede蜈蚣鸟类robin知更鸟owl猫头鹰barnacle北极鹅penguin企鹅canary金丝雀chirp〔鸟、虫的叫声〕vulture秃鹫crane鹤stork鹳ptarmigan雷鸟migrate迁移plumage羽体camouflage伪装wing翅膀bill〔鸟〕嘴beak〔鹰等的〕嘴昆虫insect昆虫wasp黄蜂hornet大黄蜂spider蜘蛛pest害虫worm虫/蠕虫cicada蝉mantis螳螂cockroach蟑螂earthworm蚯蚓antenna/tentacle触须larva幼虫地质学crust地壳mantle地幔core地核continentalcrust大陆地壳oceaniccrust海洋地壳layer/stratum地层stratigraphy地层学fault断层faultplane断层面faultzone断层带rift/crack/split断裂disintegration/decomposition分解erosion腐蚀fossil化石igneousrock火成岩sedimentaryrock沉积岩metamorphicrock变质岩limestone石灰岩granite花岗岩marble大理石lithosphere岩石圈magma/moltenlava岩浆quartz石英mineral矿物ore矿石deposit矿床rubble碎石debris残骸platinum白金/铂金silver银copper黄铜aluminum铝tin锡lead铅zinc锌nickel镍mercury汞/水银sodium钠gem宝石diamond钻石emerald绿宝石ruby红宝石glacier冰川glacial冰川的glacialepoch/age/period冰川期glacialdrift冰渍moraines冰碛iceberg冰山volcano火山activevolcano活火山extinctvolcano死火山dormantvolcano休眠火山(sloping)shieldvolcano盾状火山〔平缓〕(steep-sided)conevolcano锥状火山〔陡峭〕eruption火山喷发crater火山口caldera〔开口较大的〕火山口depression洼地，凹陷处；盆地lava火山岩浆volcanicdust火山尘volcanicash火山灰geyser间歇喷泉hotspring温泉earthquake/quake/tremor/seism地震seismic地震的seismology地震学magnitude震级seismicintensityscale震烈度seismicwave地震波transversewave横波longitudinalwave纵波epicenter震中epicentraldistance震中距aftershock余震cataclysm灾变tsunami/tidal/force海啸undersealandslide海底山崩meltglobalwarming全球逐渐变暖aquifer蓄水层swamp沼泽peatbog泥炭沼泽Great大峡谷Nile尼罗河Coloradoriver科罗拉多河crumpleszones地质缓冲地带bedrock岩床bulge凸起物地理学hemisphere半球meridian子午线/经线parallel平行圈latitude纬线longitude经线/经度elevation海拔altitude高度/海拔horizon地平线equator赤道temperaturelatitudes温带地区tropics热带地区Arctic/theNorthPole北极Antarctic/Antarctica南极theAntarcticContinent南极洲theAntarcticCircle南极圈theArcticCircle北极圈aurora极光tropicsofCancer北回归线tropicsofCapricorn南回归线internationaldateline国际日期变更线timedifference时差timezone时区topography地形/地形学plain平原plateau/highland高地lowland低地basin盆地oasis绿洲enclave飞地peak山峰cordillera/ranges山脉carven/cave洞穴terrain地域subterranean地底下coastland沿海地区coastline海岸线watershed分水岭upperreaches上游lowerreaches下游tributary支流deposit沉积spring/fountain泉水iceberg冰山riverbed河床gulf/bay海湾waterfall瀑布cascade小瀑布；喷流reef暗礁tide湖水torrent水的急流tropicalrainforest热带雨林continentalisland大陆岛volcanicisland火山岛coralisland珊瑚岛islet小岛peninsular半岛archipelago群岛delta三角洲landlockedarea内陆inlandwaterway内陆河subcontinent次大陆cliff山崖valley山谷hillside/mountainslope山坡continentalshelf大陆架canyon/gorge峡谷channel/strait海峡remote-sensing遥感的terrestrial地球的/陆地的terrestrialheat/geothermal地热terrestrialmagnetism地磁continentaldrift大陆漂移学说sea-floorspreading海床扩展evaporation蒸发salinity含盐度oceanbottom海床sediment沉积物tropical热带的temperate温带的frigid寒带的frostheaving冻胀现象tundra苔原，冻原fieldstone卵石theMediterraneanSea地中海theprimevalforest原始森林Scandinavia斯堪的纳维亚(半岛)(瑞典、挪威、丹麦、冰岛的泛称)fjord峡湾coralreef珊瑚礁Chalk白垩纪cataclysm大洪水ridge山脊；分水岭abyss深渊territory幅员；领土；地域Pyrenees比利牛斯山脉Carpathians喀尔巴阡山脉Vesuvius维苏威火山Pompeii庞贝precipice悬崖eon世；纪；代glacier冰河Pangaea盘古大陆dune沙丘Lagoon咸水湖考古学archaeology考古学paleontology古生物学anthropology人类学archaeologist人类学家pale-anthropologist古人类学家ecologicalanthropologist生态人类学家psychologicalanthropologist心理人类学家originate起源于ancestor祖先hominid人〔科〕homogeneous同以种族〔种类〕的tribe部落clan氏族excavation挖掘excavate/unearth挖掘ruins遗迹/废墟remains遗产/遗骸artifact手工艺品relic遗物/文物antique古物/古董antiquity古代/古老StoneAge石器时代BronzeAge青铜器时代IronAge铁器时代Paleolithic旧石器时代的Mesolithic中石器时代的Neolithic新石器时代的morphology形态学skull颅骨cranial颅骨的fossil化石ancientcivilization古代文明caveman山顶洞人culturalrelics文物rockpainting岩画美术〔绘画和雕塑〕finearts美术oilpainting油画watercolor水彩画tempera蛋彩画sketch速写/素描pastel彩色蜡笔画poster海报/招贴画charcoaldrawing木炭画muralpainting/fresco壁画engraving版画lithograph石板画landscapepainting风景画stilllife静物画portrait肖像画caricature漫画pigment颜色，色素canvas油画布brush画笔drawingboard画板perspective透视画法original原作copy临本reproduction/replica复制品genuine真的fake假的gallery美术馆autograph真迹panorama全景画calligraphy书法paste裱糊impressionisticstyle印象派风格framing装框sculpture雕塑sculptor雕塑家figurine小雕像bust半身雕塑像statue塑像unique唯一的/独特的animator漫画家saxophonist萨克斯风管吹奏者indigo靛蓝purple紫色能源和环境fossilfuel矿物燃料processofphotosynthesis光合作用solarenergy太阳能nonrenewable不可再生的energyconservation保护能源resource资源energysource能源资源tidalenergy潮汐能fuel-efficient节能型的rushhour顶峰期zeroemission零辐射wildness野生/天然preservation保护atmosphere大气carbon碳dioxide二氧化物burningofcoalandoil煤油燃烧globalwarming全球变暖greenhouseeffect温室效应riseinsealevel海平面上升long-termclimaticchange长期的气候变化environmentalrecyclingcenter再循环利用中心litter/trashgarbage垃圾pollutant污染物desertification沙漠化deforest滥伐森林drought干旱watershortage水源缺乏offshorespillage近海岸溢出carbondioxiderelease二氧化碳排放industrialsewage工业污水recycling再循环purify净化deteriorate恶化acidrain酸雨sewagedisposal污水处理environmentprotection环境保护ozonelayer臭氧层wastedisposal废物处理emission〔汽车废气的〕排放soot烟尘ElNiño厄尔尼诺现象气象学meteorology气象meteorologist气象学家meteorologicalstation气象站forecast/predict预报climate气候atmosphere大气层troposphere对流层stratosphere平流层mesosphere中间层ionosphere电离层exosphere逸散层coldfront冷锋warmairmass热气团current〔气〕流moisture潮湿，水气spell某种天气持续一段时间vapor蒸汽evaporate蒸发damp/moist/humid潮湿humidity湿度moisture潮湿/水分saturate饱和dew露frost霜fog/mist雾smog烟雾droplet小水condense浓缩crystal水晶体sheet〔水、冰、雪的〕一层downpour/torrentialrain大雨tempest(storm)/torrentialrain暴风雨drizzle细雨shower阵雨hail冰雹blizzard/snowstorm暴风雪avalanche/snowslide雪崩precipitation〔雨、露、雪等〕降水thunder雷breeze微风sandstorm沙暴monsoon季风gale大风whirlwind旋风typhoon台风hurricane飓风tornado/twister/cyclone龙卷风windscale风级tsunami/seismicseawave海啸tidalwave潮汐；浪潮upperatmosphere上层大气funnel漏斗云disaster/calamity/catastrophe灾难devastation破坏submerge淹没drought旱灾convection对流windvelocity风速winddirection风向long-rangeforecast长期预报numericalweatherprediction数值天气预报nephanalysis云层分析；卫星云图人物artist艺术家choreographer舞蹈编排家critic批评家satirist挖苦作家inventor创造家biographer自传作家sculptor雕塑家feminist女权主义者humanitarian人道主义者imagist意象派诗人philanthropist慈善家proprietor业主mortal犯人precursor先驱figurehead名誉领袖disciple学徒apprentice学徒mechanic机械工minimalist简单抽象派艺术家avant-garde前卫派territory领域genre风格/体裁eccentric乖僻的odd怪诞的/奇数的erratic奇怪的weird怪异的/不可思议的romantic浪漫的innocent天真的/无罪的lovelorn相思病苦的emotional情绪的/情感的sentimental感伤的/多愁善感的cheerless无精打采的/无生命力的patriarchal家长的/族长的rigid僵化的spare简朴的clumsy笨拙的zigzag曲折的contemporary当代的acclaimed受欢送的preeminent杰出的versatile〔人〕多才多艺的/〔物〕多功能的household家庭的/家喻户晓的genuine真正的authentic逼真的/原汁原味的symbolic象征性的immortal不朽的/神nostalgia怀旧主义/思乡emotive感人的prodigious巨大的classic经典的posthumous死后的摄影photographer摄影家panorama全景照片snapshot快照developing冲洗enlarge放大foreground前景background背景highdefinition高清晰度close-up特写outoffocus调焦不准exposure曝光instantcamera拍立得cameralens相机镜头tripod三脚架darkroom暗室wideanglelens广角镜头longfocuslens长镜头filter滤色镜生态学ecology生态学ecosystem生态系统balanceofnature自然界生态平衡fauna动物群flora植物群rainforest雨林foodchain食物链acidrain酸雨greenhouse温室效应infraredradiation红外线辐射ozonelayer/ozonosphere臭氧层ultravioletradiation紫外辐射pollutioncontrol污染控制airpollution空气控制waterpollution水污染noxious/toxic有毒的fumes〔有毒的〕废气waste废物solidwaste固体废物sewage/wastewater污水sewagepurification污水净化swagedisposal污水处理decibel〔噪音〕分贝生物学biology生物学marinebiology海洋生物学entomology昆虫学ornithology鸟类学microbiology微生物学genetics遗传学speciology物种学parasitology寄生虫学paleontology古生物学paleontologist古生物学家dinosaur恐龙dieout/extinction灭绝mammal哺乳动物carnivore食肉动物rodent啮齿类动物underwater水下的marine海洋的scuba水下呼吸器diving潜水/跳水one-celledorganism单细胞有机体tissue〔动植物细胞的〕组织protectivecamouflage保护色predator捕猎者oceanicsnail蜗牛animaladaptation动物适应性survivalofthefittest适者生存originofspecies物种起源wildenvironment野生环境insecticide杀虫剂prenatalcare产后护理habitat栖息地tentacle触须prey捕食navigate导航tinyreceptor接收器nerve/specimen物种amphibian两栖类动物declineinthenumber数量减少gene基因genetic基因的，遗传的endangeredspecies濒危动物survival活着的transition转变/过渡microbe微生物yeast酵母〔菌〕bacteria细菌single-cell单细胞reptile爬行类动物hatch孵化incubation孵化nest巢offspring子孙chewup咀嚼unfertilizedeggs未受精卵nutrient营养品nourishment营养品/食物feed喂养cannibalism同类相食respiration呼吸ingestion摄食digestion消化digestiveenzyme消化酶cell细胞nucleus细胞核cytoplasm细胞质plasmalemma/cellmembrane细胞膜cellwall细胞壁protein蛋白质aminoacid核酸plankton浮游生物heredity遗传mutationofspecies物种变异chromosome染色体geneticengineering遗传工程solitary独居social群居bio-diversity生物多样性metamorphosis变态/变形mutation变种variation变异天文学astronomy天文学astronomicalobservatory天文台planetarium天文馆astrophysics天文物理学astrology占星学pseudoscience伪科学cosmos/universe宇宙cosmology宇宙infinite无限的cosmic宇宙的cosmicradiation宇宙辐射cosmicrays宇宙射线celestial天体的celestialbody/heavenlybody天体celestialmap/skyatlas天体图celestialsphere天球dwarf/dwarfstar矮星quasar类星体constellation星座galaxy/MilkyWay银河系starcluster星团asterism星群solarsystem太阳系solarcorona日冕solareclipse日食solarradiation太阳辐射planet行星planetoid/asteroid小行星revolve旋转twinkle闪烁nakedeye肉眼Mercury水星Venus金星Earth地球Mars火星Jupiter木星Saturn土星Uranus天王星Neptune海王星Pluto冥王星orbit轨道spin旋转satellite卫星lunar月球的meteor流星meteorshower流星雨star恒星meteoroid流星体meteorite陨石comet彗星space/outerspace太空，外层空间spacecraft/spaceship宇宙飞船spaceshuttle航天飞机spacetelescope空间望远镜astronaut/spaceman宇航员spacesuit宇航服stellar恒星的intergalactic星系间的interstellar恒星间的interplanetary行星间的asteroid小行星nebula星云spacedebris太空垃圾ammonia氨photosphere光球；光球层chromospheres色球；色球层日冕层sunspot太阳黑子〔发生在光球层〕flare耀斑〔发生在色球层〕solarprominence日珥〔发生在色球层〕convectionzone对流层vacuum真空infraredray红外线absolutemagnitude绝对量级emission发射/散发high-resolution高清晰度interferometer干扰仪，干预仪illusiveobject幻影体faint微弱的image影像gravitationalforce吸引力molten融化的leapyear闰年rotation自传revolution公转blackhole黑洞ultravioletray紫外线luminosity光度lightyear光年微生物学antibody抗体toxin毒素immunity免疫immunology免疫学vaccine疫苗fungus真菌bacteria细菌fermentation发酵inflection传染/感染microorganism/microbe微生物virus病毒disfection消毒sterilization灭菌文学pose散文diary日记autobiography传记editorial社论narrativeprose表达性descriptiveprose描写性essay随笔poetry诗歌ballad民谣lullaby催眠曲fiction小说allegory寓言fairytale童话legend传说proverb谚语model人物原型leadingcharacter主人公mainplot主要情节prelude序曲prologue序言epilogue尾声literarycriticism文学批评literarystudies文学研究schoolsofliterature文学流派comparativeliterature比拟文学realism现实主义surrealism超现实主义futurism未来主义modernism现代主义aestheticism唯美主义音乐musicalinstrument乐器orchestra〔管弦〕乐队shookrattle摇拨浪鼓pounddrum击鼓footbeat跺脚note音符score乐谱movement乐章fanatical狂热的hillbillymusic乡村音乐folkmusic民间音乐popmusic流行音乐classicalmusic古典音乐Jazz爵士乐symphony交响乐rockandroll摇滚乐bandmusic/windmusic管乐string弦乐violi