新建 Microsoft PowerPoint 演示文稿 (恢复)

unit1pastandpresent现在完成时现在完成时(pastperfecttense)表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已经发生或完成了的动作或状态，为八大时态之一。它表示句子中描述的动作发生在“过去的过去”，即把时间推移到过去某一时间之前，与现在不发生联系，由＂have/has+p.p＂构成。主语+have/has+过去分词①肯定句：主语+have/has+过去分词+其他.②否定句：主语+have/has+not+过去分词.③一般疑问句：Have/has提前+主语+过去分词+其他?肯定回答：Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答：No,主语+have/hasnot.④特殊疑问句：特殊疑问词或词组+一般疑问句（Have/has+主语+过去分词+其他）？1）表示在过去某一时刻或动作以前完成了的动作，也可以说过去的时间关于过去的动作。即“过去的过去”。可以用by,before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句来表示，也可以用一个表示过去的动作来表示，还可能通过上下文来表示。例如：Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张飞船发来的图片。

（2）表示由过去的某一时刻开始，一直延续到过去另一时间的动作或状态，常和for,since构成的时间状语连用。例如：Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。

Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。（3）叙述过去发生的事情，在已叙述了过去发生的事情后，反过来追述或补述以前发生的动作时，常使用过去完成时。例如：Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。

Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

（4）在含有定语从句的主从复合句中，如果叙述的是过去的事，先发生的动作常用过去完成时。例如：IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。

Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。

（5）过去完成时常常用在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句（或间接引语）中，这时从句中的动作发生在主句表示的过去的动作之前。例如：Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她。

IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。（6）状语从句：在过去不同时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前，用过去完成时；发生在后，用一般过去时。如when,before,after,assoonas,till/until引导的例如：WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.我醒来时雨已停了。

Shedidn’tgotobeduntilshehadfinishedherwork.她直到把工作做完之后才睡觉。

注意：如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时，特别是在包含before和after的复合句中，因为这时从句的动作和主句的动作发生的先后顺序已经非常明确，这时可以用一般过去时代替过去完成时。例如：AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到达英格兰之后，努力提高他的英语水平。

（7）动词think,want,hope,mean,plan,intend等用过去完成时来表示过去未曾实现的想法，希望，打算或意图等。例如：Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们本来打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。

Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou.我们本来希望能来看看你。

（8）过去完成时还可用在hardly…when…,nosooner…than…,Itwasthefirst(second,etc)

time(that)…等固定句型中。例如：Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。

Nosoonerhadhearrivedthanhewentawayagain.他刚到就又走了。

Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear这是他那一年第三次失业了。时间状语

before,when,after,by,until,once,hadnosooner……than例句

ShesaidshehadneverbeentoParis.她说她从未去过巴黎。

Whenthepolicearrived,thethieveshadrunaway.警察到达时，小偷们早就跑了。

Bythetimehewastwelve,Edisonhadbeguntomakealivingbyhimself.到了十二岁那年，爱迪生开始自己谋生。

Bynineo’clocklastnight,wehadgotten200picturesfromthespaceship到昨晚九点钟时,,我们已经收到了来自宇宙飞船的200张照片。

Ihadbeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame当公共汽车终于到了时，我在车站已经等了20分钟。Hesaidhehadworkedinthatfactorysince1949.他说他已经自1949年以来在那个工厂工作。

Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine史密斯先生昨天去世了。他是我的好朋友

Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知,因为我没有好好学习功课。

IreturnedthebookthatIhadborrowed.我已归还了我借的书。

Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她找到了那把丢掉的钥匙。

Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说,他很了解她。

IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore我以为前一周我寄了那封信的。

AfterhearrivedinEngland,MarxworkedhardtoimprovehisEnglish.马克思到英国后,他努力提高他的英语水平。

WhenIwokeup,ithadalreadystoppedraining.当我醒来时,雨已经停了。

Wehadhopedtobeabletocomeandseeyou我们本来希望能来看你。

Itwasthethirdtimethathehadbeenoutofworkthatyear这是他那一年第三次被失业。

Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight到昨晚9点钟，我已经读完这本小说。由时间状语来判定一般说来，各种时态都有特定的时间状语。与过去完成时连用的时间状语有：（1）by+过去的时间点。如：

Ihadfinishedreadingthenovelbynineo'clocklastnight.（2）bytheendof+过去的时间点。如：

WehadlearnedovertwothousandEnglishwordsbytheendoflastterm.（3）before+过去的时间点。如：

TheyhadplantedsixhundredtreesbeforelastWednesday.由“过去的过去”来判定过去完成时表示“过去的过去”，是指过去某一动作之前已经发生或完成的动作，即动作有先后关系，动作在前的用过去完成时，在后的用一般过去时。这种用法常出现在：（1）宾语从句中当宾语从句的主句为一般过去时，且从句的动作先于主句的动作时，从句要用过去完成时。在told,said,knew,heard,thought等动词后的宾语从句。如：

Shesaidthatshehadseenthefilmbefore.（2）状语从句中在时间、条件、原因、方式等状语从句中，主、从句的动作发生有先后关系，动作在前的，要用过去完成时，动作在后的要用一般过去时。如：

Afterhehadfinishedhishomework,hewenttobed.注意：before,after引导的时间状语从句中，由于before和after本身已表达了动作的先后关系，若主、从句表示的动作紧密相连，则主、从句都用一般过去时。如：

Afterheclosedthedoor,helefttheclassroom.（3）表示意向的动词，如hope,wish,expect,think,intend,mean,suppose等，用过去完成时表示"原本…，未能…"

Wehadhopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.一、与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词

have(has)+过去分词”；过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，以过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。

语态对比比较：Ihavelearned1000Englishwordssofar.到目前为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。

Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词。

—I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。

—Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。（“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在）二、与一般过去时的区别虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：

1.时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”；而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。比较：Theyhadarrivedatthestationbytenyesterday.

Theyarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.

2.在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。

Shewasveryhappy.Herwholefamilywerepleasedwithher,too.Shehadjustwonthefirstinthecompositioncompetition.

3.当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and或but连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时；另外，在before，after，assoonas引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。

Heenteredtheroom,turnedonthelightandreadaneveningpaper.过去完成时表示过去的过去，不单独使用，一般和一般过去式一起使用。原形过去分词原形过去分词visitvisitedshopshoppedmovemovedstopshoppedstudystudiedfinishfinishedstaystayedlearnlearntownownnedtraveltravelled原形过去分词原形过去分词thinkthoughtputputcatchcaughtcostcostgivegivenpaypaidmakemadehurthurtwritewrittenwinwinned1.They_________(finish)theirhomework.2.Mrandmrs

li________(notcome)backyet.3.Daniel_______(finish)thehomeworkbefore.4.We________(notsee)thatfilmyet.havefinishedhaven'tcamehasfinishedhaven'tseen填空选择

1．Heaskedme___duringthesummerholidays.

A.whereIhadbeenB.whereIhadgoneC.wherehadIbeenD.wherehadIgone

2.What___Jane____bythetimehewassever?

A.did,doB.has,doneCdid,did.D.had,done

3.I_____900EnglishwordsbythetimeIwasten。

A.learnedB.waslearningC.hadlearnedD.learnt

4.She_____livedherefor______years.

A.had,afewB.has,severalC.had,alotofD.has,agreatdealof

5.Bythetimemyparentsreachedhomeyesterday,I____thedinneralready.

AhadcookedB.cookedC.havecookedD.wascooked

6.Shesaidshe_________theprinciplealready

A.hasseenB.sawC.willseeD.hadseen

7.Shesaidherfamily______themselves______thearmyduringthewar.

A.hashidden,fromB.hadhidden,fromC.hashidden,withD.hadhidden,with8.Bythetimehewastenyearsold,he________.

A.hascompleteduniversityB.hascompletedtheuniversity

B.hadcompletedanuniversityD.hadcompleteduniversity

9.Shehadwrittenanumberofbooks_____theendoflastyear.

A.forB.inC.byD.at

10.He__toplay____beforehewas11yearsold.

Ahadlearned,pianoB.hadlearned,thepiano

C.haslearned,thepianoD.learns,piano.

11.What______Annie____bythetimehewasten?

A.did,doB.did,didC.has,doneD.haddone

12.He___inthefactoryforthreeyearsbeforehejoinedtheArmy.

A.hasworkedB.worksC.hadworkedD.willwork

13.Bytheendoflastweek,they___thebridge.

A.hascompletedB.completedC.willcompleteD.hadcompleted

14.Benhatesplaying____violin,buthelikesplaying____football.

A.a…theB.the…theC./…theD.the…/

15.Bythetimehewas4,he____alotofGermanwords.

A.hadlearnedB.haslearnedC.learnedD.learns

16.Jimturnedoffthelightsandthen_____theclassroom.

A.wasleftB.hadleftC.hasleftD.left

17.They_______inGuangzhousince2000.

A.livedB.hadlivedC.havelivedD.wereliving

18.ThetrainfromBeijing_______tenminutesago.

A.hasarrivedB.wasarrivingC.arrivedD.hadarrived

19.Thestudents_________theirclassroomwhenthevisitorsarrived.

A.havecleanedB.hadcleanedC.wascleanedD.havebeencleaned句子翻译当车来的时候，我在车站已等了20分钟。他说自从1949年以来他就在那家工厂工作。1.Ihavebeenatthebusstopfor20minuteswhenabusfinallycame.2.

Hesaidhehasworkedinthatfactorysince1949。3.Mr.Smithdiedyesterday.Hehadbeenagoodfriendofmine.

史密斯先生昨天去世了。他以前是我的好友。4.

Ididn’tknowathingabouttheverbs,forIhadnotstudiedmylesson.我对动词一无所知，因为我没有好好学习功课。

5.

Shefoundthekeythatshehadlost.她丢失的钥匙找到了。

6.

Hesaidthathehadknownherwell.他说他很熟悉她。

7.

IthoughtIhadsenttheletteraweekbefore.我认为我一星期前就把信寄出去了。8.Ihadlearned1000Englishwordstillthen.到那时为止我已经学会了1000个英语单词.9.I'msorrytokeepyouwaiting.对不起，让你久等了。10..没什么，我只等了几分钟.Oh,notatall.Ihavebeenhereonlyafewminutes1.We___hadpainted____(paint)thehousebeforewemoved________(move)in.2.Thatricholdman__hadmade___(make)awillbeforehe____(die).

3.They__had_(study)themapofthecountrybeforethey_left___(leave).

4.Therobbers_had___(runaway)beforethepolicemenarrived(arrive).

5.I__turnedoff_____(turnoff)allthelightsbeforeI__went___(go)tobed.

6.Paulwent(go)outwithJaneafterhe_made_____(make)aphonecall.

7.Tom____(say)hehadread_______(read)thebooktwice.

8.Ourplan____failed_(fail)becausewe_hadmade______(make)abadmistake.

9.Whenthechairman___finished_____(finish)speaking,he____left____(leave)thehall.

10.TheReadswerehaving(have)lunchwhenI_______(get)totheirhouse.

11.WhenI________(arrive)atthestation,he___hadleft_____(leave).12..We_____(learn)about4000Englishwordsbytheendoflastterm.

13.Iwaiteduntilhe______(finish)hishomework.

14.Weweresurprisedatwhatshe___already______(do)

15.She___(notgo)toQingdaobecauseshe___hadwent____(go)therebefore.

16.He__hasn'ttold(nottell)youthenewsyet.

17.Hesaidhe_______already_____(give)thebooktotheteacher.

18.I____have____(be)toShanghaibefore.

19.Shetoldmeshe___hadbeen_______(be)toSanyathreetimes.

20.She__was________(play)theguitarwhilehersister______(sing).1．Ihadsoldtheticketwhenshecame.（改否定句）

Ididnothavesoldtheticketwhenshecame.

2.Shehadsungasongtousbeforeshedanced.（改否定句）

Shedidn'thavesungasongtousbeforeshedanced.

3.Theybegantoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink.（否定）

Theydidnotbegintoclimbedthemountainaftertheyhadboughtallthefoodanddrink.

4.By10:00a.m,Ihadbeenveryhungry.（改一般疑问）

Hadyoubeenveryhungryby10:00am?

5.LucyhadalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.（改一般疑问）

HadlucyalreadycompletedtheprojectwhenIarrived.

6.Bythetimehegottotheairport,theplanehadtakenoff.（改一般疑问）

Hadth

eplanetakenoffbythetimehegottotheairport?

7..HehadbrokenhisarmwhenIsawhim.（对划线部分提问）

Howwashewhenyousawhim?8.Whenhehadreadthenote,heateit.（对划线部分提问）

Whatdidhedowhenhehadthenote?

9..Jackdidn’tgotothecinemabecausehehadseenthefilm.（对划线部分提问）

WhydidJacknotgotothecinema?

10.Wehadhadthetoysfortenyearsbeforewegavethemtothechild.（对划线部分提问）

Howlongdidyouhavehadthetoysbeforeyougavethemtothechild?

11.Shehadwrittenthebookbytheendof1960.（对划线部分提问）

Whathadshewrittenbytheendof1960?

12.Wecookedthedumplings.Weatethemup.（用过去完成时连接两句）

Weatethedumplingsafterwehadcookedthem.

13.Jim’sfathermendedthecar.Itwasbroken.（用过去完成时连接两句）

ThecarhadbrokenbeforeJim'sfathermandedit.

14.Wehadourtests.Thenwehadalongholiday.(用过去完成时连接两句)

Afterwe___hadhadhourteats________,we___hadalongholiday___________

15.Heshowedusapicture.Thenheshowedusaroundthehouse.用过去完成时连接两句)

Beforehe___hadshowedusaroundthehouse_______,he_______showedusapicture___________选择、填空、完型、阅读、翻句1.

自从2009年，爱情公寓就开始了。2.

吴老师2008年就结婚了。Theipartmenthasbeenonsince2009.Mrwuhasbeenmarriedsince2008.

iPartment

3.Inthe2009theipartment____beenon.there____manyactors,____Sean.S(孙艺州）,evonne.z（赵霁）,kim.jin（金世佳）kimi.l（李金铭）,Eric.w（王传君）,michael.c（陈赫)，loura.l(娄艺潇)manypeolelove____.Onedaywhentheywascominghere____train,theygaveotherpeople_____moneytoabeggar.Intheend,they____to___ipartment5.ihope__theycan____ipartment5.（）1.a.haveb.has

c.had

d.having()2.a.has

b.had

c.having

d.have()3.a.likeb.such

c.suchasd.as()4.a.theyb.their

c.them

d.themselves()5.a.byb.take

c.took

d.taking()6.a.littleb.much

c.lost

d.lot()7.a.hopeb.went

c.thought

d.think()8.a.takingb.take

c.took

d.taken()9.a.tob.at

c.in

d.on()10.a.takingb.take

c.took

d.taken4、ABCRadio

JimGreenisanannouncer(播音员）fortheprogram.Mostofthegirls___1____boysliketheprogram.They___2___likeJimGreen.Someofthemoftenmakephonecallstohimandthankhim___3___hiswork.Therearelotsof___4___tohimeveryday,too.

JimGreengetsupat6:00everymorning.Hehasbreadandaglassofmilk___5___breakfast.Heleaveshomeat6:30and___6___hisofficeat7:15.

Theprogram___7____at7:30.Heplaysthenewrecords(唱片）ofthepopsongsandmodernmusicforhislisteners.At8:00it'stime____8____thenews.

Jimfinishesworkat10:30.Hegoeshome____9____hiscar.He___10___newspaperandlistenstomusicaftersupper.

Hethinkshislifeisveryinteresting.

()1.AandBwithCbutDabout()2.AtooBtoCalsoDso

()3.AtoBforCfoDand()4.AletterBlettersCfriendsDwords

()5.AatBwithCforDto()6.AgoesBgetsCgetstoDgetsup

()7.AbeginsBfinishesCoverDstart()8.AtoBforCofDin

()9.AbyBinConDtakes()10.AlooksBreadsCseesDwatches5、You\'llseeanew_1_atahospitainearLondonifyougothere.Heisveryclever,_2_heneverspeaks.Hecanwork24hoursadayandnevergets_3_.Heisonemetretallandhasaface_4_aTVscreen.HeisDr.Robot.

Doctorsoftenneedtoasktheirpatientsalotofquestions._5_doctorscanonlyspendafewminuteswithsuchpatient.But

Dr.Robot,ahumandoctorcan_8_alotofuesfulinformation(信息)whenhemeetshispatient.

HowcanDr.Robotdothis?Acomputer\"tell\"himwhattodo.Dr.Robotcandoalotofthingspeoplecando,thoughhecan\'tcompletely_9_theplaceof_10_doctors.

()1.A.sickpersonB.nurse

C.chemist

D.doctor()2.A.soB.if

C.but

D.because

()3.A.tiredB.off

C.up

D.woounded()4.A.likeB.on

C.as

D.in

()5.A.KindB.Busy

C.Free

D.Tall()6.A.lateB.impossibleC.necessary

D.interesting

()7.A.WithB.For

C.Behind

D.Under()8.A.spendB.have

C.send

D.speak

()9.A.bringB.give

C.take

D.lead()10.A.robotB.computer

C.women

D.human

6、MikeisanEnglishman.Helivesina__1___buildinginthe__2___London.Thereareeighteenfloorsinthebuildingandhelivesonthefifteenthfloor.He__3___alift(电梯)togoupanddown.Heworksveryhard.He__4___toworkearly.Everydayheleaveshis__5__andwalkstothelift.Hegetsintothelift.It__6___himdowntothefirstfloor.Hegetsoutofthelift.Thenhewalksto__7___busstop.Thebusstopisinfrontofastation.Itisabouttwohundredmetersfrom___8___home.Usually,hecatchesthenumber11bustowork,butsometimeshegoes__9___.Heworksinafactoryaboutten__10___fromhishome.Hisworkstartsathalfpasteight,andfinishesataquartertofive.Hegetsbackhomeathalfpast5.

（）1.A.tallB.shotC.smallD.large（）2.A.countryB.townC.cityD.village

（）3.A.makesB.usesC.doesD.mends（）4.A.beginsB.wantsC.runsD.goes

（）5.A.homeB.buildingC.officeD.room（）6.A.costsB.spendsC.takesD.brings

（）7.A.anB.aC.theD./（）8.A.hisB.heC.himD.himself

（）9.A.byplaneB.bytrainC.onfootD.byair()10.A.metersB.kilometersC.minutesD.hours

7、ADiaryGreatweather!Itwas_1__andhotallday.We__2__toabeautifulbeach.Wehadgreatfun__3__inthewater.Intheafternoon,wewent__4__.Ontheway,Ifoundalittleboy__5__inthecorner.Hewas__6__.Ihelped__7__findhisfather.Thatmademe__8__veryhappy.Ididn’thave__9__money__10__ataxi.SoIwalkedbacktothehotel.

（）1.A.windB.cloudC.sunny（）2.A.goB.gotC.went

（）3.A.playB.playedC.playing（）4.A.shopB.shopping

C.shopped

（）5.A.criesB.criedC.crying（）6.A.loseB.lostC.crying

（）7.A.heB.hisC.him（）8.A.feelB.feelingC.felt

（）9.A.someB.anyC.afew（）10.A.withB.onC.for

五、DearDrKnow,

I’mnothappy.Ihavetoo__1_rulesinmyfamily.Ihaveto__2___at6:00everymorning.Ican’t__3__myfriendsafterschool__4__Ihaveto__5__mydogforawalk.Ican’twatchTVonschoolnights.AndIhaveto__6_inbedbyteno’clock._7__weekends,Ihavetocleanmyroomandwashmyclothes.ThenIhavetohelpmymother__8__dinner.LaterIhavetogototheChildren’sPalace__9__thepiano.Ineverhaveanyfun.__10__canIdo?

（）1.A.manyB.muchC.afew（）2.A.gotobedB.getupC.gohome

（）3.A.watchB.lookC.meet（）4.A.soB.thenC.because

（）5.A.bringB.takeC.carry（）6.A.beB.isC.am

（）7.A.InB.OnC.At（）8.A.makeB.makingC.do

（）9.A.learnB.tolearnC.learning（）10.A.WhyB.WhatC.How

8、OnChristmasEveafewdaysago,anEnglishcouple,theHardens,gotaveryspecialcall.Itwasonlya20-secondcallbutitwasvery____11____.TheHardens’15-year-olddaughterhasgone___12____sixmonthsbefore.OnChristmasEvesherangthem.“I’mphoningtowishyouahappyChristmas,”shesaid,“Iloveyou.”

RonalsandEdwineHardenwereso______13_____thattheystartedaspecialtelephoneservice（服务）called“AliveandWell”.Theservicehelps______14______togetintouchwithchildrenwhohaverunawayfromhome.

Youngpeoplecanphone“AliveandWell”andleaveamessagefortheirparents.Thetelephoneareansweredbyansweringmachines.So______15_____canspeaktothechildormakehimreturnhome.Parentsofrunawaychildrenwhoare_______16_______eighteencanaskthepolicetobringtheirchildrenhome.Sochildrendonotwanttotelltheirparentswheretheyare.Through“AliveandWell”theycantelephonetheirparentsandtheydonot______17______aboutthisorgivingouttheiraddresses.

TheHardensandtheirhelpers______18______thetelephonemessagesandconnect（联系）theaddressesgiven.About30,000Britishteenagershavelefthomeandmanyofthemareprobablyin_______19_______.Foronlytwopence（便士）theycangointoatelephonecoinboxandcalltheirparents.Theycandial5675339and______20______aparentworry:Ishedeadoralive?

11.A.interestingB.importantC.difficultD.exciting12.A.awayBoutC.backD.along

13.A.angryB.happyC.sadD.kind14.A.teachersB.peopleC.parentsD.friends

15.A.someoneB.anyoneC.everyoneD.noone16.A.atB.aboveC.overD.under

17.A.thinkB.worryC.talkD.hear18.A.askforB.listentoC.lookupD.writedown

19.A.PairsB.TokyoC.LondonD.NewYork20.A.stopB.makeC.feelD.leave

被动语态TENSE主动语态被动语态一般现在时be+V.\V.sam\is\are+(p.p)一般将来时will\begoingtowillbe+(p.p)现在进行时am\is\are+V.ingam\is\are+being+(p.p)一般过去时①was\were②V.edwas\were+(p.p)现在完成时have\has+V.p.phave\has+been+(p.p)过去完成时had+V.p.phad+been+(p.p)过去进行时was\were+V.ingwas\were+being+(p.p)情态动词情态动词+V.情态动词+be+(p.p)口诀一般现在时、一般过去时用be+及物动词的.过去分词，be有人称、时、数变。完成时态have（has）done，被动将been加中间。一般将来shall（will）do，被动变do为done。将来进行无被动，shall（will）bedoing。现在完成进行时态，have（has）beendone。现、过进行bedoing，被动be加beingdone。情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变。复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。三部曲变被动句步骤1、把原主动句中的宾语变为被动句的主语2、把动词变为被动形式即be+过去分词，并注意其人称和数随主语的变化，而动词的时态则保持不变。3、原主动句的主语如需要则放在by后面以它的宾格形式出现（注代词的宾格），如不需要则可省略。4、其它的成分（定语、状语）不变。情态动词的被动语态步骤及重点理解含情态动词的被动语态的概念含情态动词的被动语态说明某个被动性动作所反映出的感情和态度。初中阶段可用于被动语态的情态动词有“can、may、must、need、should”等，分别表示“能够被……”，“可以被……”，“必须被……”，“需要被……“，应该被……”等。掌握含情态动词的被动语态的不同句式的变换方法含情态动词的被动语态的疑问句、否定句的变化均借助于情态动词完成。（一）一般疑问句直接将陈述句被动语态中的情态动词提前。如：Mustthisworkbedoneatonce？这项工作必须立即完成吗？Shouldyourhomeworkbefinishedbeforesix？你的家庭作业应在六点前完成吗？（二）特殊疑问句由疑问词加上一般疑问句被动语态构成。如：Whenmustthisworkbedone？这工作必须在什么时候完成？Wherecanthelostbookbefound？这本失踪的书能在什么地方被找到？（三）反意疑问句借助情态动词构成附加疑问部分。如：Thisbridgecanbebuiltnextyear，can'tit？这座桥明年能建成，是吗？Thisbookshouldn'tbetakenoutofthelibrary，shouldit？这本书不应被带出图书馆，是吗？（四）否定句在情态动词后面加上“not”或“never”即可，但“must”表“必要”时否定式为“needn't”。如：Thisworkneedn'tbedoneatonce．这项工作没必要立即做。Thisdustbinshouldn'tbeputhere．这个垃圾箱不应放在这儿。三、含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答含情态动词的被动语态的一般疑问句的回答应保留原情态动词，但“must”表“必须”时，其否定回答应用“needn't”、“need”表“必要”时，其肯定回答应用“must”。如：—Shouldmyexercisesbefinishedtoday？我的作业应在今天完成吗？—Yes，theyshould．是的，应在今天完成。（No，theyshouldn't．不，不应在今天完成。）—Musthisexercisebookbehandedinatonce？他的练习本必须立即上交吗？—Yes，itmust．是的，必须立即上交。（No，itneedn't．不，不必立即上交。）—Needhebeoperatedonatonce？他必须立即手术吗？—Yes，hemust．是的，他必须。（No，heneedn't．不，他不必。）1）不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态（即多数的瞬间动词）：appear,die（死亡）,disappear（消失）,end(vi.结束）,fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,standbreakout,cometrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。（错）Thepricehasbeenrisen.（对）Thepricehasrisen.（错）Theaccidentwashappenedlastweek.（对）Theaccidenthappenedlastweek.（错）Thepricehasraised.（对）Thepricehasbeenraised.（错）Pleaseseat.（对）Pleasebeseated.带双宾语在用于被动结构时，有些动词可以带双宾语。在这种情况下，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to,etc.。即：S+V+IO+DO→IO+bedone+DO→DO+bedone+prep.+IOg.1)Myunclegaveme

agiftonmybirthday.→Iwasgiven

agiftonmybirthday.→Agiftwasgiventomeonmybirthday.Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar.→Heisoftenheardto[1]playtheguitar.→It

isoftenheardfromhim

toplaytheguitar.

主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用"被"、"受"、"给"等被动词来表示被动句子例：1.Brucewritesalettereveryweek.→AletteriswrittenbyBruceeveryweek.2.LiLeimendedthebrokenbikethismorning.→ThebrokenbikewasmendedbyLiLeithismorning.3.Hehaswrittentwonovelssofar.→Twonovelshavebeenwrittenbyhimsofar.4.Theywillplanttentreestomorrow.→Tentreeswillbeplantedbythemtomorrow.5.Lucyiswritingaletternow.→AletterisbeingwrittenbyLucynow.6.Youmustlockthedoorwhenyouleave.→thedoormustbelockedwhenyouleave.A.Correctthefollowingsentences.订正以下的句子1.Alltheseyearstheyarecontributingarticlestoourmagazine.2.Ihavebeendrinkingfivecupsofcoffeethisafternoon.3.WhathaveyoubeendoingbeforeyouleftOxford?4.It'sagoodjob.Haveyoudoneitallbyyourself?5.It'salongtimesinceyoucometoseeme.6.Alicedidn'tseemuchofHenrylately.7.I'mgladtotellyouthatyoupassedtheexam.1.Youknow,I________(look)forajobforthreemonths,andthisismyfirstformalinterview.2.Mysister________(stay)inBeijingforthreemonthslastyear.3.Thelittleboyisdirtyalloverbecausehe________(play)inthemudallthemorning.4.I________(wonder)ifyouwerefreethisafternoon.5.Hereheis!We________(wait)anxiouslyforhimsincelastnight.C.Makethebestchoices.1.—I’msureAndrewwillwinthefirstprizeinthefinal.—Ithinkso.He________foritformonths.(2008江苏)A.ispreparingB.waspreparingC.hadbeenpreparingD.hasbeenpreparing2.Bythetimeherealizeshe_________intoatrap,it’llbetoolateforhimtodoanythingaboutit.(2008山东)A.walksB.walkedC.haswalkedD.hadwalked3.Sofarthisyearwe_______afallinhousepricesbybetween5and10percent.(2008福建)A.sawB.seeC.hadseenD.haveseen4.CathyistakingnotesofthegrammaticalrulesinclassatSunshineSchool,whereshe______Englishforayear.(2007湖南)A.studiesB.studiedC.isstudyingD.hasbeenstudying5.Danny_________hardforlongtorealizehisdreamandnowheispopular.(2007福建)A.worksB.isworkingC.hasworkedD.hadworked6.—Ihavegotaheadache.------Nowonder.You_________infrontofthatcomputertoolong.(西)A.workB.areworkingC.havebeenworkingD.worked7.Theunemploymentrateinthisdistrict_______from6%to5%inthepasttwoyears.(2007上海)A.hasfallenB.hadfallenC.isfallingD.wasfalling8.Nowthatsheisoutofjob,Lucy___goingbacktoschool，butshehasn’tdecidedyet.(北京)A.hadconsideredB.hasbeenconsideringC.consideredD.isgoingtoconsider9.—______you______himaroundthemuseumyet?(2007江苏)—Yes.Wehadagreattimethere.A.HaveshownB.DoshowC.Had;shownD.Did;show10.—Hi,Tracy，youlookpale.—Iamtired.I_______thelivingroomallday.A.paintedB.hadpaintedC.havebeenpaintingD.havepainted一、单项选择。1、Bothhisparentslooksad.Maybethey_________what'shappe