汉译英常见句型

汉译英常用结构和句型一、主语（一）主语的确定：汉语中长主语，短谓语的句子翻译，即戏称“头大身子小”的句型。【“尾重”原则（endweight）】我国政府愿意在平等互利、相互开放、长期合作、共同发展的基础上，进一步加强同亚洲各国的经济合作和贸易交流。TheChinesegovernmentstandsreadytofurtherstrengtheneconomiccooperationandtradetieswithotherAsianationsonthebasisofequalityandmutualbenefit,mutualopenness,long-termcooperationandcommondevelopment.未来老百姓的生活会更好。xThelifeofthepeopleinthefuturewillbebetter.<Thepeoplewilllead/liveabetterlifeinthefuture.中国加入世贸组织后，外商参与中国西部开发的机会将越来越多。xTheopportunitiesforforeignbusinessestoparticipateinChina’sdevelopmentofthewesternregionwillincrease.<ForeignbusinesseswillhavemoreandmoreopportunitiestoparticipateinChina'sdevelopmentofthewesternregion.浙江大学建校100年来，办学取得了巨大成功。xZhejiangUniversityhasbeenestablishedformorethan100years,andmadegreatachievements/madeahugesuccessinitsschoolrunning.<ZhejiangUniversityhasmadegreatachievements/madeahugesuccessinitsschoolrunningsinceitsestablishment100yearsago.该产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。Thisproductischieflycharacterizedbyitsfineworkmanshipanddurability.语言这个东西不是随便就可以学好的，非下苦工夫不可。Themasteryoflanguageisnoteasyandrequirespainstakingeffort.如今，年过半百的他还是时常想起自己童年时代的玩伴。Evennow,memoriesofhischildhoodplaymateshauntthemaninhisfifties.我们相信，在新的一年里，通过双方的努力，我们的业务和友好合作关系会得到发展。Webelievewewillbeabletodevelopbusinessrelationsandfriendlycooperationthroughourcommoneffortsinthecomingyear.尽管己退居二线，他的工作热情丝毫不减。Heworksenthusiasticallyasevereventhoughhehasretiredfromtheleadingpost.我来到杭州教书，完全是一个巧合。IthasbeenanunexpectedpieceofluckformetobecomeateacherinHangzhou.进行社会主义现代化建设，必须尊重知识，尊重人才。Inourdriveforsocialistmodernization,wemustrespectknowledgeandtalentedpeople.（二）名词化捕获萨达姆•侯赛因并不意味着在伊拉克的冲突会就此结束。ThecaptureofSaddamHusseindoesnotmeantheendofconflictinIraq.医疗服务不能改变预期寿命，许多当代的临床护理在治病中所起的作用也并不重要，这些事实都是有据可查的。Theimpotenceofmedicalservicestochangelifeexpectancyandinsignificanceofmuchcontemporaryclinicalcareinthecuringofdiseaseareallwell-documented.中国加入世界贸易组织，将为中国和亚洲以及世界各国各地区经济的发展注入新的活力。China’sentryintotheWTOwillinstillnewvitalityintotheeconomicgrowthofChinaaswellasothercountriesandregionsinAsiaandbeyond.坚持一个中国的原则，是实现和平统一的基础和前提。AdherencetotheprincipleofoneChinaisthebasisandpremiseforpeacefulreunification.如果英国同意进行克隆，这将是世界上的首例。这也会促进其他国家放松对于胚胎研究的限制。UK’sapprovalofcloning,aworldfirst,wouldencourageothercountriestoeaserestrictionsonembryoresearch.两代人缺乏交流，代沟不断加深，这使得一些家庭深感烦恼。Thewideninggenerationgapresultingfromthelackofcommunicationsbetweengenerationsisupsettingsomefamilies.新的景点不断出现，观光人数不断增加，地区经济也有了很大发展。Theemergenceofonenewscenicspotafteranotherandtheinfluxofmoreandmoretouristshavealsoboostedtheeconomyoftheregion.黄色书刊及音像制品现己难觅踪迹，这证明了中国的扫黄运动正在取得进展。Thedisappearanceofsuchmaterialsaspornographicandobscenebooks,periodicalsandtapesisproofthatChina’scampaignagainstpornsismakingprogress.农民缺乏培训，许多农场生产效率低下，这就使得大多数农民处于贫困的困境。Inadequatetrainingforfarmersandthelowproductivityofmanyfarmsplacethemajorityofcountrydwellersinadisadvantageouspositionintheirowncountries.汽车数量与日俱增，大气污染日益加重，让城市的居民们倍感恼火。Theurbandwellersare/feelexasperatedbytheconstantlygrowingnumberofcars/automobilesandtheincreasinglysevereairpollution.二、定语产生的热量等于消耗了的电能。Theheatproducedisequaltotheelectricalenergywasted.当向上的力与向下的力相等时，气球就保持在这一高度。Theballoonstaysatthelevelwhentheforceupwardequalstheforcedownward.据报道，今年全国应届大学毕业生面临前所未有的就业压力。Itisreportedthatthegraduatesfreshfromcollegealloverthecountrythisyeararefacedwithunprecedentedpressureofemployment.一切物质，不论是气态、液态，还是固态，都由原子组成。Allsubstances,whethergaseous,liquidorsolid,aremadeofatoms.上海的许多大公司都专门设有售后服务中心，接受维修业务和处理客户投诉，目的在于与国际接轨。ManylargecompaniesinShanghaihavegearedthemselvestotheinternationalconventionsbysettingupafter-salesservicestoacceptrepairsanddealwithcustomers’complaints.从新闻媒介所暴露的情况来看，不正之风在一些地区已非常严重，必须采取严格措施刹住这股歪风。Someausteremeasuresshouldbetakentochecktheunhealthytendencieswhich,accordingtothepressexposures,wererampantinsomelocalities.经济全球化是当今世界经济发展的客观趋势，其基本特征是资本、技术、商品、信息和服务在全球范围内自由流动和优化配置，使世界各国经济相互依存、相互影响日益加深，给世界各国经济发展带来了新的动力和机遇。Economicglobalizationistheobjectivetrendoftheeconomicdevelopmentintheworldtoday,featuredbythefreeflowandoptimizedallocationofcapital,technology,informationandserviceintheglobalcontext,makingtheeconomicinterdependenceandinteractionbetweenvariouscountrieseverstronger,andhasbroughtaboutnewdrivingforcesandopportunitiesfortheeconomicdevelopmentofallcountriesintheworld.大部分反对转基因食品的呼声来自于富裕的西方国家，那里的人民生活富足，不愁温饱。OppositiontogeneticallymodifiedfoodshadcomemostlyfromrichWesterncountries,whosepeoplehadmorethanenoughtoeat.美国报纸和世界其他国家一样，既有耸人听闻的小报，报道犯罪、色情和小道消息，也有严肃报刊，聚焦时事新闻，分析国际时事。Likethepressinmostothercountries,Americannewspapersrangefromthesensational,whichfeaturecrime,sexandgossip,totheserious,whichfocusonfactualnewsandtheanalysisofworldevents.英特尔是世界上最大的微处理器制造商，虽然劳动力市场紧俏，英特尔却大获成功。Intel,theworld’slargestmicroprocessormaker,experiencedasurgeofsuccessinatoughlabormarket.哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。中国教育界、科学界、文化界一直同哈佛大学保持着学术交流。Harvard,oneofthefirstAmericanuniversitiestoacceptChinesestudents,hasallalongmaintainedacademicexchangeswiththeChineseeducational,scientificandculturalcommunities.三、状语（一）现在分词游行队伍唱着歌，呼着口号，浩浩荡荡穿过广场。Singingandshoutingslogans,theparademovedacrossthesquarelikeaflood.他和家人一起沐浴在春天的阳光之下，享受双休日所带来的乐趣。Takingadvantageofthetwo-dayoff,hebaskedinthespringsunshinewithhisfamily.从车窗里瞥见寒风中的一个无家可归的小乞丐，一阵伤感涌上她的心头。xCatchingaglimpseof/spottingalittlehomelessbeggarinthechillwindfromhercarwindow,awaveofsentimentsweptoverher.<Whenshecaughtaglimpse/sightof/spottedalittlehomelessbeggarinthechillwindfromhercarwindow,awaveofsentimentsweptoverher.（二）独立主格由于电阻很大，电路中通过的电流就小。Theresistancebeingveryhigh,thecurrentinthecircuitwaslow.如果天气允许，我们明天去看你。Weatherpermitting,wearegoingtovisityoutomorrow.（三）过去分词短语浙江大学前身求是书院成立于1897年，为中国人自己最早创办的新式高等学府之一。Foundedin1897,ZhejiangUniversitywasinitiallyknownas“QiushiAcademy”,oneoftheearliestmoderninstitutionsofhigherlearningestablishedinChina.如果不适当处理，锅炉及机动车辆排出的废气就会造成城市空气污染。Exhaustfromboilersandvehicles,unlessproperlytreated,causesairpollutionincities.（四）动词不定式、形容词（短语）、介词（短语）、连词等为了充分发掘人才潜力，不仅应该允许人才合理流动，而且还要鼓励人才流动。Tofullytapthehumanresources,therationalflowoftrainedpersonnelshouldnotonlybeallowedbutalsobeencouraged.虽然他单独一人住在这幢房子里、但他埋头于研究工作，一点也没有感到孤独。Aloneinadesertedhouse,hewassobusywithhisresearchworkthathefeltanythingbutlonely.要不是下雨，我们的旅行本来是很愉快的。Butfortherainweshouldhavehadapleasantjourney.物体一旦运动，就会因惯性而持续运动。Anobject,onceinmotion,willkeeponmovingbecauseofitsinertia.这房子尽管富丽堂皇，但是住起来一点也不舒服。Withallitsmagnificence,thehouseisnotatallcomfortabletolivein.如果伟大的国家互相为敌，那么，他们便无法相互汲取长处。Greatnations,ifadversaries,cannotdrawfromeachother’sstrengths.（五）定语从句我爷爷明天就满80岁了，但他仍然热衷与户外运动。Mygrandpa,whowillbeeightytomorrow,isstillakeensportsman.他想写一篇文章，引起公众对这件事的注意。Hewishestowriteanarticlethatwillattractpublicattentiontothematter.听说经理病了，不会来参加今天的会议了。Themanager,whoissaidtohavefallenill,won’tcometothemeetingtoday.新闻记者应坚决反对有偿新闻，因为它违背了新闻记者的职业道德。Journalistsshouldfirmlyobjecttothepayoff-aimedjournalismwhichdeviatesfromthepressethics.四、句型Itissaid/reported/predicated/believed/asserted/supposed/well-known/generallyconsidered…that…据…Itmustbeadmitted/pointedout...that...预计中国打算在近期购买私车的人数将达到三百万。ItispredictedthatthecarpurchasersinChinawillamountto3millioninthenearfuture.到2008年第四季度，国民经济年均增长率预计将达到10%。Theannualaveragegrowthrateofnationaleconomyisestimatedtoreach10%bythelastquarterof2008.必须指出，这样的错误不能再犯。Itmustbepointedoutthatmistakesofthiskindshouldnotberepeated.看来这两个科学分支是相互依存，相互作用的Itseemsthatthesetwobranchesofsciencearemutuallydependentandinteracting.已经证明，感应电压使电流的方向与产生电流的磁场力方向相反。Ithasbeenprovedthatinducedvoltagecausesacurrenttoflowinoppositiontotheforceproducingit.Itwasnotuntilthe19thcenturythatheatwasconsideredasaformofenergy.直到十九世纪人们才认识到热是能量的一种形式。人们常说科学是把双刃剑，增长了财富，带来了安逸的同时，也使人们恐惧着克隆人之类的潜在危险。Scienceisoftenreferredtoasadouble-edgedsword,increasingourwealthandcomfortwhileleavingpeopleinfearofpotentialdangerslikehumancloning.Itisimportant(necessary,urgent,difficult,easy,expensive,desirable,advisable,convenient,comfortable)forsb.todosth.人们希望建立更多的医院、购物中心、娱乐中心、电影院和其他公用设施来满足人民日益增长的需求。Itisdesirabletobuildmorehospitals,shoppingcenters,recreationcenters,cinemasandotherpublicfacilitiestomeetthegrowingneedsofpeople.Itis/was…that/who…是他最先得知消息，说谢晋导演前一天去世了。ItwashewhoreceivedthemessagethatMr.XieJin,amoviedirector,diedinthepreviousday.Itisnotthat...butthat...这不是说...，而是说...这并不是说在一种情况下所使用的磅秤和在另一种情况下所使用的天平在构造原理上或工作方式上存在差别，而是说与前者相比，后者是一种更精密得多的装置，因而在计量上必然更加准确。Itisnotthatthescalesintheonecase,andthebalanceintheother,differintheprinciplesoftheirconstructionormannerofworking;butthatthelatterismuchfinerapparatusandofcoursemuchmoreaccurateinitsmeasurementthantheformer.就…而言；在…方面intermsof…；inlightof…；inrespectof…以…为目的;为了…withaviewtodoing…；forthepurposeof…；inthehopeof…；inorderto/that…；soasto…鉴于•…考虑到inconsiderationof...;inthespiritof...由于；因为thanksto;owingto;becauseof…;dueto;toattribute…to…（如此）…以至于…so/such…that…；togosofarasto…容易…；（很）可能...is（most）likelytodo…；tendtodo…；beinclinedto…；beapttodo…Itissubjecttocoughs,asthma,andthelike.易得咳嗽、气喘等类似的病。是为了…；用于…bedesignedtodo.;beintendedfor.这样做是为了促使学生学习，而学习应当是学生生活中迫切的任务。Itisdesignedtomakestudentsstudy,whichshouldbetheirimmediatemissioninlife.显然易见…；显然itisevident/self-evident/obviousthat...不管他怎样同时采取军事和外交行动，他走的显然将不得不是一条极其脆弱的钢丝。Whatevercombinationofmilitaryanddiplomaticactionistaken,itisevidentthatheishavingtotreadanextremelydelicatetight-rope.擅长于…begood/aptat.;beexperiencedin.应当…；注意…；必须…；安排…；优先…应当注意采取有效措施防止空气污染。Attentionshouldbepaidtotheeffectivemeasurestopreventairpollution.优先发展科技教育。Prioritywillbegiventodevelopmentofscience,technologyandeducation.组织实施好“西电东送”、“西气东输”等重点工程。Properarrangementswillbemakeforcarryingourimportantprojectssuchasthefacilitiestodivertelectricityandgasfromthewesttotheeast.必须努力扭转当前经济的下滑趋势，反对贸易保护主义。Effortsshouldbemadetoreversethecurrenteconomicdownturnandfightagainstprotectionismintrade.只要/只有•一才能onlybydoing…canwe….；onlyinthiswaycan...;before…；unless…我们对问题要作全面分析，才能解决得妥当。Wemustmakeacomprehensiveanalysisofaproblembeforeitcanbeproperlysolved.只有在提高效率的前提下保持快速的经济增长，我们才能缓解生产经营困难，减轻就业压力，促进经济结构调整，增加财政收入，防范金融风险，保持社会稳定。Onlybymaintainingafasteconomicgrowthonthebasisofimprovedperformancecanwerelievetheoperationaldifficultiesofenterprises,reducethepressureofunemployment,promoteeconomicrestructuring,increasetheStaterevenue,preventfinancialrisks,andmaintainsocialstability.在新世纪里，只要充分发挥自己的优势，亚洲一定能够为促进世界的和平与发展做出更多的贡献。Asiawillsurelymakeagreatercontributiontoworldpeaceanddevelopmentinthenewcenturyaslongasitgivesfullplaytoitsadvantages.基于一个前提；在…的前提下/条件下onthepremise/ground/prerequisite/proposition/hypothesis/presuppositionthat…；onconditionthat…；providedthat…/given/giventhat…中国政府在宣布实行和平统一的方针时，是基于一个前提，即当时的台湾当局坚持世界上只有一个中国，台湾是中国的一部分。TheChinesedeclaredtoimplementthepolicyofpeacefulreunificationonthepremisethatthethenTaiwanauthoritiesmaintainedthatthereisonlyoneChinaintheworldandTaiwanisonlyonepartofChina.Advicetoinvestorswasbasedonthepremisethatinterestrateswouldcontinuetofall.对投资者的建议是以利率会继续下跌为根据的。不但…，而且•“notonly...,butalso...中国的统一和富强，不仅是祖国大陆各族人民的根本利益所在，同样是台湾各族同胞的根本利益所在，而且有利于远东和世界和平。ThereunificationofChinaandherprosperitynotonlyrepresentthevitalinterestsofthepeopleofdifferentnationalitiesonthemainlandandthoseofthecompatriotsofvariousnationalitiesinTaiwan,butalsofavorthepeaceintheFarEastandtheworld.一方面•…另一方面on(the)onehand…；ontheother(hand);forone…；foranother即；也就是说thatis(tosay);i.e.;namely;towit;总之；简言之allinall;inshort;inanutshell突然想到…itoccurstosb.that…可以说…itcanbesaidwithoutexaggerationthat...;itissafetosaythat...直至小…才notuntil;not…until直到喷气发动机发明以后，飞机才能以超音速的速度飞行。Notuntiltheinventionofthejetenginecouldairplanestravelatsupersonicspeeds.cannot...too再•”也不过分；越…越好；应该校对时越仔细越好。Youcannotbetoocarefulinproofreading.我们应该十分重视这件事情。Wecan’tattachtoomuchimportancetothematter.other…than或otherthan不同于；非；除了当这些反应物放在一起时,常发生不希望有的一些反应。Reactionsotherthanthedesiredoneoftenoccurwhenreactantsarebroughttogether.除了窗之外，屋子的其他部分都完好无损。Allpartsofthehouseotherthanthewindowswereingoodcondition.thelastN.toV.最不可能的Shewouldbethelastpersontogoalongwiththescheme.他可能会是最不同意这项计划的人。That’sthelastthingI’dexpectyoutodo.那是我最不期望你做的事情。无需sparethetroubletodo...不遗余力sparenoefforttodo...网上购物的优点之一就是购物者无需亲临现场，既省时又省力。Oneoftheadvantagesofonlineshoppingisthatitsparestheshopperthetroubletogototheshopinperson,savinghimbothtimeandenergy.onlyto结果却…【表示与句子谓语动作的目的相反的结果】他们不必花钱去戏院、电影院或歌剧院，买价格很贵的戏票，结果却发现，所演的节目令人失望。Theydon’thavetopayforexpensiveseatsatthetheatre,thecinemaortheopera,onlytodiscover,perhaps,thattheshowisdisappointing.远不；根本不；只不过是notnearly;bynomeans,farfrom;anythingbut;nothingbut食品供应将远远赶不上人口的增长，这就意味着我们在粮食的生产和购销方面正面临危机。Thefoodsupplywillnotincreasenearlyenoughtomatchthepopulationgrowth,whichmeansthatweareheadingintoacrisisinthematterofproducingandmarketingfood.科学研究的方法不过是人类思维活动的必要表达方式,也就是对一切现象进行思索并给以精确而严谨的解释的表达方式.Themethodofscientificinvestigationisnothingbuttheexpressionofthenecessarymodeofworkingofthehumanmind;itissimplythemodebywhichallphenomenaarereasonedaboutandgivenpreciseandexactexplanation.tosaynothingof;nottospeakof;nottomention;letalone;muchless;stillless;worsestill更不要说…，更不用说…旧中国几乎没有什么机器制造工业，更不用说电子工业了。InoldChina,therewashardlyanyindustry,tosaynothingofanelectronicindustry.那时他连普通生活都不能维持，更不要说奢侈品了。Atthattimetheycouldnotaffordtheordinarycomfortsoflife,nottospeakofluxuries.他们有了3个好儿子，而且还有2个可爱的女儿。Theyhavethreefinesons,nottospeakoftheirtwolovelydaughters.我连代数几何都不懂，更不必说微积分了。Idon’tknowalgebraorgeometry,letalone/nottomentioncalculus.我不同意这种罢工行为，更谈不上参加了。Icouldnotagreeto,muchless/stilllessparticipateinsuchstrike.nomore.than.和…一样都不心脏和胃一样都无智力可言，因为它们都是由大脑控制的。Theheartisnomoreintelligentthanthestomach,fortheyarebothcontrolledbythebrain.他们没有理由限制你服用多少维生素，就像他们不能限制你喝多少水一样。Thereisnoreasontheyshouldlimithowmuchvitaminyoutake,anymorethantheycanlimithowmuchwateryoudrink.Itisnoteasytoimpartknowledgeanymorethanitistoacquireknowledge.获取知识不易，传授知识也不易。没能够；不能…fail/failure政府官员如果严重违法，或是玩忽职守就会被免去职务。Publicofficialsmayberemovedfromofficeforfailingtoperformtheirdutiesproperlyaswellasforseriousviolationsoflaw.失约failuretokeepapromise我们决不辜负我们的父母对我们的期望。Wewillneverfailtoliveuptowhatourparentsexpectofus.当他最需要朋友的时候，他们却令他失望。Hisfriendsfailedhimwhenhemostneededthem.到最后我说不出话来了。Wordsfailedmeatthelastminute.以…方式/形式informof…；bymeansof…决不…innocase/circumstance/sense/wayshould…一定(会)…；注定besure/bound/destined/doomedtodo...;surely;certainly;necessarily西部大开发一定能成为沟通世界各国与中国的一座桥梁，促进中国和世界经济的共同发展、共同繁荣。ThegreatdevelopmentofthewesternareaisboundtoserveasabridgelinkingChinatotherestoftheworldtopromotetheircommoneconomicdevelopmentandprosperity.达至Uamountto…；reach;total;到2007年，上海市人均国内生产总值预计将达到7500美元。ThepercapitaGDPinShanghaiisestimatedtoreachUS.$7,500by2007.占…百分之…takeup;constitute;accountfor居/排在第…位：rank后接序数词thefirst/second...in…等。中国国内生产总值已居全球第六位，但人均水平却排在第138位。xChina'sGDPranksthesixthglobally,butitspercapitaGDPranksthe138th.<Chinaranksthe6thinitsGDPglobally,but(ranks)the138thinitspercapitaGDP.香港的电影制作名列世界前茅。HongKongranksamongthebestinitsfilm-making.表倍数等as...as...新型晶体管的开关时间缩短了三分之二。Theswitchingtimeofthenew-typetransistorisshortenedthreetimes.电磁波传送的速度和光速相同。Electromagneticwavestravelatthesamespeedaslight.声音在水中的传播速度几乎是在空气中传播速度的五倍。Inwatersoundtravelsnearlyfivetimesasfastasinair.氧与氢比较，重量大约是它的十六倍。Comparedwithhydrogen,oxygenisnearly16timesasheavy.要么•…，要么^-leavesbthechoiceof…or…；either…or…敌人冷酷无情，我们要么顽强抵抗，要么屈膝投降。Ourcruelandunrelentingenemyleavesusthechoiceofbraveresistanceorthemostabjectsubmission.年过三十，要么成家，要么单身。Theageof30sleavesyouthechoiceofmarriageorremainingabachelor.者6不neither…nor…；no…有助于…；有利于betheinstrumentofsth.;beconducivetosth.;facilitate运动有益于健康。Exerciseisconducivetohealth.他所建立的组织最终使他垮了台。Theorganizationhehadbuiltupeventuallybecametheinstrumentofhisdownfall.能够让你幸福，我愿意付出我的一切。IfIcanbetheinstrumentofyourhappiness,Iwillsacrificeallmybelongings.追溯至U…itwasthememory/memoriesof...;itcanbedatedbackto...追溯到1964年东京及1988年汉城举办的奥运会，可能分别被视为日韩两国发展的转折点。Perhapsitwasthememoriesofthe1964TokyoOlympicsandthe1988SeoulOlympics,whichwereconsideredturningpointsintheirnations’development.追溯至1945年广岛和长崎遭受原子弹攻击，从而形成了“零地带”这个术语。Itwasthememoryof1945HiroshimaandNagasakisufferedfromtheattacksofatomicbomb,fromwhichoriginatedthetermof“ZeroGround”.与...有关的情况或问题…amatterofsth./doingsth.处理这些问题全凭经验。Dealingwiththeseproblemsisallamatterofexperience.请思考一下同一个人现在及八年前说的话。“说至底，‘贫穷’与其说是生活在贫穷的国家里，还不如说是技艺不精。”Consideringthefollowingstatements,madebythesamemaneightyea