2023年上海高考英语句子翻译技巧方法指导(含例题讲解)

►上海高考句子翻译+高考题型组合练_________________________________________________________________________________________考点精讲考点精讲上海高考英语翻译题，是对考生词汇、语法、句型结构等基础知识和实际运用能力的综合考查。高考中汉译英多为简单句或复合句，题目所给定的提示词汇也是常用词，但学生必须在比较两种语言的基础上，结合所学的语言知识翻译出不仅意思准确，而且符合英语表达习惯的好句子。上海历年高考中译英的考察点主要有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。值得注意的是近年试题中经常出现一些华丽的中文词藻或日常生活化表达。【要点梳理】要点一：高考翻译技巧直译和意译直译和意译没有明确界限，往往是一句汉语整体可以直译，但局部（特别是成语和俗语）却要通过意译。注意逻辑主语的变化。【例1】(2020上海春考）每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(arule)【思路解析】句中“雷打不动”无法直接翻译，只能意译为：makeitaruletodosth.表示“使做某事成为常规”。【参考答案】Thosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,【详解】考查非谓语动词、时态和固定句式。根据句意和提示词可知，本句使用固定句式：makeitaruletodo，表示“使做某事成为常规”，时间状语“每周三”表明是经常或反复发生的动作，用一般现在时，同时使用非谓语动词，“大学生”与“教”之间是逻辑上的主谓关系，表示主动，用现在分词作伴随状语，故翻译为：EveryWednesday，theseuniversitystudentsmakeitaruletodovolunteerserviceintheorphanage,teachingchildrenpaper-cuttingandknitting.【例2】(2019上海高考）爷爷有点耳背，对他耐心一点。(patient）【思路解析】句中“耳背”无法直译，只能意译为：alittledeaf或somethingwrongwithone'sears。【参考答案】Grandpaisalittledeafandbepatientwithhim./Thereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【详解】考查短语和时态。结合句意表示“耳背”可翻译为therebesomethingwrongwithone'sears；表示“对某人耐心”短语为bepatientwithsb.；此处为so连接并列句，且前半句陈述事实应用一般现在时，后半句为肯定祈使句，句首动词用原形。故翻译为Thereissomethingwrongwithgrandpa'sears,sobepatientwithhim.【例3】）这首歌在今年的艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。（when）【思路解析】此句中“昙花一现”’可以意译为：itspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period.；也可以直译为：aflashinthepan。【参考答案】WhenfirstreleasedattheopeningceremonyoftheArtFestival,thissongcausedasensation/madeastirbecauseof/for/duetoitscheerfulmelodyandhumorousstyle,butitwasjustaflashinthepan./butitdidn’tlastlong./butitlasted(for)onlyaveryshorttime/period./Thesongcausedastir/sensation/becameahitforitscheerfulmelodyandcomicstylewhenitwasfirstperformed/releasedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/aflashinthepan.【详解】本题考查了when引导的时间状语从句，考查的词汇和词组并不难，“昙花一现”看似难翻，但只要表达清楚意思就可以了。【例4】这部基于那场重要战争的电影一上映就很卖座。(Hardly)【思路解析】此句中“很卖座”不能直接一一对应翻译，只能意思是翻译，意译为：itattractedalargeaudience。【参考答案】Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.【详解】考查倒装句、否定副词、介词、时态、名词、形容词和短语。表示“基于”应用介词about；表示“这部电影”应用名词短语thefilm；表示“重要的”应用形容词important；表示“那场战争”应用名词短语thebattle；表示“上映”应用动词release；表示“卖座”应用动词短语attractalargeaudience。根据所给副词“Hardly”几乎不的意思和首字母的大写形式可知，这句话需要Hardly放在句首的部分倒装结构“Hardly…when…”一……就……，该短语要求从句为一般过去时，主句用过去完成时，部分倒装时，助动词had置于主语之前。故翻译为Hardlyhadthefilmabouttheimportantbattlebeenreleasedwhenitattractedalargeaudience.2.适当加减词【例1】他虽然退休了，但仍然关心着公司的业务。【答案】Thoughhehasretired,hestillcaresaboutthecompany’sbusiness.【思路解析】从句“但仍然关心着公司的业务”中文主语省略了，翻译时候主句需加上主语“he”.【例2】这款手机样式新颖、携带方面，深受年轻人的欢迎。(2005上海高考)【答案】Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,soitisverypopularwithyoungsters./Themobilephoneisfashionableinstyleandconvenienttocarry,anditisverypopularwithyoungsters.【思路解析】中文两个分句有因果关系或并列关系，故翻译时，当并列句需加“and”；当主从句时，需加上从属连词“so”。【例3】根据科学家们的看法，自然界要用500年的时间才能形成一英寸厚的表面土壤。【答案】Accordingtoscientists,ittakesnature500yearstocreateaninchoftopsoil.【思路解析】根据英语表达，此处“....看法”可以省略不必翻译。【例4】究竟是什么激发小王学习电子工程的积极性？(motivate)（2019上海春考）【答案】WhatonearthmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?/WhatwasitthatmotivatedXiaoWangtostudy/learnelectronicengineering?【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“....的积极性”可以省略不必翻译。【例5】物理课上，他没听懂王教授所讲的内容。(fail)（2006上海春考）【答案】Inthephysicsclass,hefailedtounderstandwhatProfessorWangwastalkingabout.【思路解析】根据英语表达及句子成分分析，此处“....的内容”可以省略不必翻译。3.语序的变化【例1】博物馆疏于管理，展品积灰，门厅冷清，急需改善。(whose)（2019上海春考）【答案】Themuseum,whoseexhibitsaredusty,badlyneedstobeimprovedbecauseofitsfewvisitorsandpoormanagement.【思路解析】此句中文表达简洁，多为四字格，疏于管理notwellmanaged/managementisreckless，被灰尘覆盖becoveredwithdust/bepiledwithdust，游客稀少fewvisitors，亟需改善bebadlyinneedofimprovement/requiresimmediateimprovement。翻译时，厘清主句从句关系，化繁为简，适当调整句子语序。故翻译为hismuseumisnotwellmanagedwhoseexhibitsarecoveredwithdustandtherearefewvisitorssoeverythingisbadlyinneedofimprovement.或Themuseumwhosemanagementisrecklesswhoseexhibitsarepiledwithdustandwhoselobbyisdeserted/requiresimmediateimprovement.【例2】在线预订出租车虽然很时尚，但许多相关问题尚待解决。(as)【答案】Fashionableasbookingtaxisonlineis,manyrelatedproblemsremaintobesolved.【思路解析】根据中文所给提示词，as当“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句需用倒装语序。4.词性的合理变化【例1】人们现在随时能在超市买到新鲜牛奶。（available）【答案】Nowadaysfreshmilkcanavailabletopeopleatanytimeatthesupermarket.【思路解析】句中动词“买到”转换为形容词短语“sth.beavailabletosb”,且注意中英文语序发生了变化。【例2】学生不能进入教师阅览室。(accessn.)【答案】Studentshavenoaccesstotheteachers’readingroom.【思路解析】句中动词“进入”转换为含名词短语“have/getaccessto”,词性发生了变化。【例3】网上支付方便了用户，但是牺牲了他们的隐私。(atthe

cost

of)【答案】Onlinepaymentmakesiteasierforusers,but(itis)atthecostoftheirprivacy【思路解析】句中动词“牺牲了”转换为含名词短语“atthe

cost

of”,词性发生了变化。要点二：高考翻译题常设考点时态语态【例1】我第一次写英语作文时，犯了很多拼写错误。（make）【答案】ThefirsttimeIwroteanEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.【例1】这是他第一次回老家过年，是吗？(time)ThisisthefirsttimethathehasgonebackhometowntospendtheSpringFestival,isn’tit?【例3】当时，那位出租车司机别无选择，只能求助于游客。（choice）【答案】Atthattimethetaxidriverhadnochoicebuttoturntothetourist/traveler(forhelp).【例4】在过去几年里，这家工厂用塑料代替木头来降低成本。(substitute)【答案】Inthepastfewyears,thisfactoryhassubstitutedplasticforwoodinordertoreducethecost.【例5】应该鼓励学生将课堂上所学的知识用于实践中去。(apply)【答案】Studentsshouldbeencouragedtoapplywhattheyhavelearnedinclasstopractice.2、以“it”用法为主的考点【例1】正是那场突如其来的大雨打乱了他们的计划。(It)【答案】Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【解析】考查强调句和时态。本句为强调句，其结构为Itis+强调部分+that从句。本句强调主语theunexpectedrain。陈述过去事情，用一般过去时。根据句意，故翻译为Itwastheunexpectedrainthatupsettheirplan.【例2】那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。（it）【答案】Itisveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.【解析】考查it做形式主语用法。【例3】我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。（it）【答案】Ifindithard/itishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.【解析】考查it做形式宾语用法。【例4】如果你方便的话，请帮我从邮局取回包裹。(convenient)【答案】Ifitisconvenienttoyou,pleasefetchtheparcelformefromthepostoffice./Itisimpossibleforyoutocompletethetaskalone.【解析】类似用it形式主语或宾语的形容词还有convenient,necessary,essential,important等3、以非谓语为主的考点【例1】只喝一杯咖啡就会使我整晚睡不着。（keep）【答案】Drinkingonlyacup

ofcoffeewillkeepmeawakeallnight.【例2】他很后悔失去了获得奖学金的机会。（regret）【答案】Heregrets

losing

theopportunity

toobtain

the

scholarship.【例3】昨晚有许多人等在剧院前想一睹那位歌星的风采.(therebe)【答案】Therewerealotofpeoplewaitinginfrontofthetheatreyesterdayeveningtohaveaglanceatthestarsinger.【例4】整个上午他都在忙于写那篇故事，只是偶尔停下来喝杯茶。(breakoff)【答案】Hewasbusywritingthestoryallthemorning,onlybreakingoffoccasionallytohaveacupoftea.【例5】

同其他学生相比，那个女孩有更强的英语听、说能力。（compare）【答案】Comparedwithotherstudents,thegirlhasbetterlisteningandspeakingabilitiesinEnglish.【例1】这个游戏的规则太复杂，三言两语解释不清。(too…to)(2004上海高考)【答案】Theruleofthegameistoocomplicatedtoexplain/beexplainedinafewwords.4、以从句为主的考点【例1】我实在想不通为什么大伙儿都觉得他这个人高不可攀，我印象中他挺和蔼可亲的。(strike)（2020届徐汇区高考英语一模）Ican’tunderstandwhypeopleallthinkheisoutofreach/inaccessible,becausehestrikesmeasaveryapproachableandkind/amiableperson.（名词性从句）【例2】在当今社会，诱惑和干扰无处不在，自律即使不是最重要的，也是重要的品质之一，因为它有效地促进了一个人的进步和发展。(where)(2020届杨浦区高考一模)Intoday’ssocietywheretemptationsanddistractionsareeverywhere，self-disciplineisoneofthemostimportantqualities,ifnotthemostimportant,for/asitcontributeseffectivelyto/promotes/enhancesaman’sprogressanddevelopment.（定语从句）【例3】如今，病人能很便捷地下载他们的医疗记录以获取诸如检测结果之类的信息，大大节省了时间和人力。(so…that)(2020届黄埔区高考一模)Nowadays,itissoconvenientforpatientstodownloadtheirmedicalrecordstoaccessinformationsuchasthetestresultsthattheywillsavealotoftimeandlabor.（状语从句）5、以倒装句型为主的考点【例1】该选手的机智及开阔的知识面使评委们大为惊异，他们一致同意他为冠军获得者。(So…)(2020届嘉定区高考一模)【答案】Soamazedwerethejudgesatthewisdomandwideknowledgeofthecontestantthattheyallagreedthathewouldbethechampion./bethewinner./winthechampionship.【例2】他向朋保证在任何情况下都不会违背做一个诚实守信的人的承诺。（undernocircumstances）（2018奉贤区二模）【答案】Heassuredhisfriendsthatundernocircumstanceswouldhebreakthepromisethathewouldbeanhonestman.【例3】他亲自到了中国后才意识到他对中国的了解是何等肤浅。（Only）【答案】OnlywhenhecametoChinahimselfdidherealizehowpoorhisknowledgeofthecountrywas.【例4】登山运动的吸引力不仅在于运动员之间的激烈竞争，还体现在运动员与自然环境的抗争中。（Notonly...）(2020届浦东新区高考一模)【答案】Notonlydoestheappeal/attractionofmountainclimbinglieinthefiercecompetitionbetweenathletes,butitisalsoreflectedintheathletes’fightagainstthenaturalenvironment.(thefightbetweentheathletesandthenaturalenvironment)【例5】一听到警察的脚步声，小偷就跑走了。(Away)【答案】Awayranthethiefassoonasheheardthefootstepsofthepolice.（此句为完全倒装句）6、以动词或动词短语为主的考点【例1】看到挂满枝头鲜红嫩绿的果实，他们不禁心生欢喜。（can’thelp)（2020届奉贤区高考英语一模）【答案】Atthesightofthefruitswithbrilliantcolorshangingonthebranches,theycouldn’thelpfeelingadmiringthem.【例2】本次“城市公共交通周”的活动旨在提高公众节能环保的意识。(aim)（2020届徐汇区高考英语一模）【答案】Thecampaignoftheurbanpublictransportweekaimstoraisepublicawarenessofsavingenergyandprotectingtheenvironment/energyconservationandenvironmentalprotection.【例3】

在每天的早晚高峰期间，堵上半小时是常有的事，要是下雨的话，堵的时间就更长了。（stuck）【答案】Duringthemorningandeveningrushhours,itiscommontobestuckintrafficfor

halfanhour,anditwill

belonger

ifitrains.【例4】

家长是孩子们最亲近的人，但是有时他们依然不理解孩子们说的话。（figure）【答案】Althoughparentsaretheclosestpeopletotheirchildren,sometimesthey

stillcannotfigureoutwhattheirchildren

say7、以成语（谚语）为主的考点【例1】在很多地区，旅游业对环境的影响简直触目惊心，但人们往往因为旅游业带来的经济利益而对此置若罔闻。(ablindeye)【答案】Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【解析】【详解】考查短语、时态和定语从句。turnablindeyeto(对……)视而不见；becauseof因为；bringabout带来。句中先行词为benefits，在定语从句中作bringabout的宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导，也可以省略。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时。根据句意，故翻译为Inmanyplaces,theimpactoftourismontheenvironmentisreallyshocking,butpeopleusuallyturnablindeyetoitjustbecauseoftheeconomicbenefitstourismbringsabout.【例2】和学生时代的他相比，那名士兵简直判若两人。（How）(2019上海高考）【答案】Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【详解】考查感叹句、时态和名词性从句。How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语！from后的宾语从句中，从句缺少表语，且指物，所以用连接词what。根据句意，用一般现在时。故翻译为Howdifferentthesoldierisfromwhathewasinhisschooldays！【例3】随着体力逐渐恢复正常，那名业余自行车手的夺冠之梦不再遥不可及。（normal）2019上海高考）【答案】Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach.【详解】考查状语从句、固定短语和时态。本句为as引导的时间状语从句，从句中表示“体力”应用短语physicalstrength，作主语；表示“恢复正常”可知短语为returntonormal，从句为一般现在时；主句中表示“业余自行车手”短语为amateurcyclist；表示“夺冠之梦”可翻译为dreamofwinningchampionship；表示“不再”短语为nolonger；表示“遥不可及”短语为beyondreach，主句应用一般将来时。故翻译为Ashisphysicalstrengthreturnstonormal,theamateurcyclist’sdreamofwinningchampionshipwillnolongerbebeyondreach._____重点小练2022年上海秋季重点小练1.妈妈忘了两天前刚给邻居买过黄瓜。（forget）参考译文：①Mother/Momforgothavingjustboughtsomecucumbersforherneighbortwodaysago.②Mother/Momforgotbuyingsomecucumbersforherneighborjusttwodaysago.解析：本句时态为一般过去时；考核基础单词forget的用法：forgetdoing/forgethavingdone忘记做过某事。注意区别：forgettodo忘记去做某事2.每逢节假日，我们都会去郊区露营，为的就是享受悠闲惬意的生活。（sothat）参考译文：(During)everyholiday/(On)everyholiday,wealwaysgo/willgocampinginthesuburbssothatwecanenjoyaleisurelycomfortable/relaxingandcomfortablelife.解析：考查目的状语从句。词块：露营gocamping；享受生活enjoya...life3.切莫苛求运动强度和频率，细水长流才能见效。（difference）参考译文：①Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlybyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/onlythroughpersistentlittleeffortscanyoumakeadifference.②Don’tbetoohardonyourselfastotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,because/asonlyworkingsteadilylittlebylittle/persistentlittleeffortscanmakeadifference.③Don’tpushyourselftoohardwhenitcomestotheintensityandfrequencyofdoingsports/exercising/workout,...解析：考察前后语句间的逻辑关系，能找到合适连词来连接前后语句；“切莫苛求”句中是无主结构，学生应选择使用祈使句来翻译；学生需要对四字格“细水长流”先进行理解，在语境中寻找合适的词进行翻译;对自己过分苛求的几种表达：betoohardonyourselfin.../pushyourselftoohard4.这条运河历经数百年才修建而成，如今虽无昔日繁忙之景，但仍然是横跨东西的重要水道。（as...as）参考译文：①Thecanal,whichtookhundredsofyearstobuild,isnotasbusy/prosperousasbefore/itusedtobe/oncewas,butitisstillanimportantwaterwayfromeasttowest.②Ittookhundredsofyearstobuildthiscanalandalthoughitisnolongerasprosperousasitusedtobe,butstillremainsavitalwaterwayextendingfromeasttowest.解析：提示词as...as可看出本句考察比较状语从句；考纲词汇：运河canal；无昔日繁忙之景（也就是：不如以前繁忙）notasbusyasbefore;横跨东西fromeasttowest；水道watercourse/waterway。2022年上海春季高考英语真题1.他已经有几十年没见过如此壮丽的日出了。（since）Ithasbeendecadessincehesawsuchamagnificentsunrise.2.小张昨天在田里播下种子，期待来年的丰收。（sow）Zhangsowedtheseedsinthefieldyesterday,expectingagoodharvestnextyear.3.鉴于手机打车不熟练的老人不在少数，这家公司提供了一系列服务来满足他们的需求。（afew）Sincetherearemorethanafewelderlypeoplewhoarenotskilledinusingride-hailingservices/requestingataxi/rideonmobilephones,thecompanyoffersarangeofservicestomeettheirneeds.4.正是因为贯彻“顾客为本”的理念，那个落寞已久的社区商场才得以重回大众视线。（It）Itisbecauseoftheimplementationofthe“customerfirst”conceptthatthelong-desertedcommunityshoppingmallcouldreturntothepubliceye.2021年上海秋季高考英语真题1.你坐会儿，我来看管这六件行李。(look)Youcansitforawhile,andIwilllookafterthe/thesesixpiecesofluggage/baggage.2.打喷嚏时，务必用纸巾遮住口鼻。(Do)Docoveryourmouthandnosewithtissue/atissuewhenyouaresneezing.3.这位头发花白的外交官与老友不期而遇，脑海中浮现出那段为理想而奋斗的青春岁月。(remind)Thegrey-haireddiplomatraninto/cameacross/encounteredanoldfriend,whichremindedhimofthedaysofhisyouthwhenhewasstrugglingforhisideal.Thegrey-haireddiplomatmetanoldfriendbyaccident,whichremindedhimoftheyouthfulyearsoffightingforideals.4.这位先驱者的故居是间不起眼的木屋，现正修复中，游客有望在六月底一睹其真容。(under)Theformerresidenceofthepioneerisahumblewoodenhouse,whichisnowunderrestoration,andvisitorsarelikelytoseeitsreallookattheendofJune.2021年春季高考真题1.羽毛球馆里空无一人，为什么灯还亮着？(howcome)Sincethereisnone/nooneinthebadmintonstadium,howcomethelightsarestillon?2.我花了三天时间画这副风景画，来庆祝我曾祖父的百岁寿辰。(take)Ittookmethreedaystopaintthislandscapetocelebratethe100thbirthdayofmygreat-grandfather.3.在太空遨游一周后，载人飞船安全着陆，在那一刻，原本寂静无声的发射中心一片欢腾。(Theinstant)Theinstantthemannedspacecraftsafelylandedafteritsone-weekspacetravel,theoriginallysilentlaunchcenterburstinto/brokeintocheers.4.这条小河蜿蜒流淌，与世代居住于此的村民朝夕相伴，见证了这个村庄的日新月异。(company）Thewindingstreamthatkeepsthevillagerscompany,whohavelivedthereforgenerations,isawitnessof/haswitnessedtheconstantchangesofthisvillage.2020年上海春季高考英语真题1. 我们非常感激他们为保护上海方言所付出的努力。(appreciate)Wereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialectWereally/deeply/trulyappreciatetheeffort(that)theyhavemadetopreservetheShanghaidialect.Weappreciateitdeeply/alot/verymuchthattheyhavemadetheirefforttopreservetheShanghaidialect.2.正如这本小册子介绍的那样，这里的司机都有礼让行人的习惯。(As)Asisintroducedinthebooklet/brochure/leaflet,thedriversheresharethehabitofpolitelygivingwayto/makingwayforthepedestrians.Thedriversherehaveagoodhabitofpolitelywaitingtillthepedestriansgo/cross(thestreet)first,asisintroducedinthisbooklet.3.每周三，这些大学生都会雷打不动地去孤儿院做志愿者，教孩子们剪纸和编织。(arule)ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletovolunteerintheorphanageeveryWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingthekidsskills/craftslikepaper-cuttingandweaving/knitting.Thosecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanagetoworkasvolunteers

everyWednesday,teaching/showing/demonstrating/instructingtheorphanstodopapercuttingandknitting.ThesecollegestudentsmakeitaruletogototheorphanageEveryWednesdayasvolunteerstoteach/show/demonstrate/instructthechildrenhowtocutpaperandknit.4.这首歌在今年艺术节上首发时，因其旋律欢快，风格诙谐引起轰动，但只是昙花一现。(when)Thesongbecame/wasahit/causedasensationforitsjoyful/cheerfulrhythmandwittystylewhen(itwas)firstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,butitspopularitydidn’tlastlong/butitisjustlikeaflashinthepan.WhenfirstperformedattheArtFestivalthisyear,thissongcausedasensationbecauseof/dueto/owingto/thanksto/foritscheerful*melodyandcomicstyle,butitdidn’tlastlong/butitlastedonly(for)averyshorttime/period.2020年秋季高考真题1. 你是否介意替我去开个会/参加会议？(substitute)Do/Wouldyoumind(your)substitutingmeforthemeeting?Do/Wouldyoumindifyousubstitutemeforthemeeting?2. 为了(能)让妈妈好好休息，小王把水槽和碗橱擦得干干净净。(Inorder...)Inordertomake/lethismotherhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangcleanthesinkandcupboardthoroughly.or: Inorderthathismothercouldhaveagoodrest,XiaoWangwipeddownthesinkandcupboard.3. 春暖花开的四月是领略/欣赏这个南方小镇美景的最好时间/最佳时机。(when)Withflowersbloomingandtheweatherbeingwarm,Aprilisthebesttimetoappreciatethebeautyofthissoutherntown.4. 面对网店的挑战，这家百年老店多措并举，最终转危为机，再创辉煌。(turn)Inthefaceof/Facing/Facedwiththechallengesfromtheonlinestore,thiscentury-oldstoretookvariousmeasuresatthesametime/takemultiplemeasures,andfinallyturnedthecrisisintoanopportunitytorecreatetheglory._____好题必测例1.我第一次写英语作文时，犯了许多拼写错误。(make)好题必测ThefirsttimeIwrotetheEnglishcomposition,Imadealotofspellingmistakes.该句是时间状语从句，某些时间状语从句由thefirsttime,eachtime,everytime和themoment等词组引导，它们既有实实在在的意义又有连词的作用，无需再与其他连词连用。又如：他每次来，总是讲给我们听一些趣事。Every/Eachtimehecomes,healwaystellsussomethinginteresting.由于Every/Eachtime本身就是连接词语，所以Every/Eachtime引导的从句，直接跟句子。例2.保护环境是每个公民的职责。(it…)Itisthedutyofeverycitizentoprotectourenvironment.这里it作形式主语，真正的主语是toprotectourenvironment。It作形式主语或形式宾语在翻译中是个难点。再如：正是你的帮助使得我们有可能在旅游的季节住到一个中国人的家里。ItwasyourhelpthatmadeitpossibleforustostaywithaChinesefamilyduringthetouristseason.这里用it作形式宾语即makeitpossible的句型。而整个句子又是为“Itis/was…that…”的强调句式。看到中文表述“正是……”，往往可能用到强调句。例3.彼得每月留出一点钱以便在不久的将来购买一辆新汽车。(setaside)Petersetsasidesomemoneyeverymonthsothathecanbuyanewcarinthenearfuture.该题考了sothat引导的目的状语从句，sothat后面有情态动词的一般为目的状语从句，没有的一般为结果状语从句。如：这部有关第一次世界大战的历史小说引人入胜，我简直爱不释手。ThehistoricalnovelaboutWorldWarIissoattractivethatIcan’tstandpartingwithit.该句考的是so+形容词或副词+that…的结果状语从句。例4.不管天有多晚，他从不把今天的事拖到明天。(putoff)Howeverlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.该句是让步状语从句，表示“无论……”的状语从句可以翻译成wh+ever或nomatter+how/what/when/where引导的结构。However后面应该直接跟所修饰的形容词或副词，也可翻译成：Nomatterhowlateitis,heneverputsoffwhatshouldbedonetodaytilltomorrow.例5.这小孩太调皮，使得他那忙于工作的父母常常心烦意乱。(So…)Sonaughtyisthechildthatheoftenupsetshisparentswhoarebusywiththeirwork.本句主要考察so…that引导的结果状语从句。由于so大写，一定要把它放于句首，且句子要倒装。另外，句中的“忙于”可翻译为bebusywithsth.或bebusydoing的短语，最后要注意成语或习语“心烦意乱”的表达，切记不要把成语或习语想的太复杂，学生除适当地背一些这方面的表达，更要在理解的基础上转化成我们所熟悉的表达。可见翻译不止考一个句型或某一特定的短语，它考察很全面，所以学生基本功要扎实。例6.无论风多大、雨多急，警察一直坚守在岗位上。（nomatter…）Nomatterhowhardtherainfallsandthewindblows,thepolicekeeptotheirposts.本句考察的让步状语从句。Nomatter+特殊疑问词和特殊疑问词+ever都可表达。既然句中给的是nomatter…，就很容易让学生联想起让步状语从句。“风多大、雨多急”看似简单的短语，学生要灵活的把它们处理在一起。“坚守在岗位”要求学生多整理一些常用动词和介词或副词搭配在一起的短语。例7.尽管遭受如此严重的自然灾害，但只要不灰心，我们终会克服暂时的困难。（Although)Althoughwearesufferingsuchaserious/severenaturaldisaster,wewilleventuallysmoothaway/overcomethetemporarydifficultyaslongaswedon't/neverloseheart.

最后一个句子貌似比较难，因为句子比较长。但是，高考翻译中的长句子都是纸老虎，大家只要判断句子之间的逻辑关系，然后用合适的连接词（或者介词短语，非谓语动词等）把句子给连接起来，整个句子就搞定了。另外，本题对于基本词汇和词组的掌握又有所考查，如果考生对一些词的翻译不甚了解，可能会导致失分，例如“遭受”、“灰心”、“克服”、“暂时”这些词的翻译。在翻译长句子时还有很重要的一点就是不要漏掉重要信息，这需要考生在翻译时对句子的细节有精准的把握，翻译完后再对照一下中英文意思，看有没有遗漏重要信息。例8.尽管山高林密，医护人员还是迅速地赶到出事地点，实施援救。（despite）Despitethehighmountainsandthickforests,thedoctorsandnursesrushedtothesceneoftheaccidentfortherescue/tocarryouttherescue.本题考查句子结构和活用。“Despite”是介词，所以后面应接名词、名词短语或名词性从句。“山高林密”可译为“thehighmountainsandthick（dense）forests”。“实施救援”是目的，但是也可以译为表示伴随情况的并列句。例9.那些未曾去过那个小村庄的人很难描绘出它的美丽。(It…)It’sveryhardforthosewhohaven’tbeentothesmallvillagetodescribeitsbeauty.该句关键是掌握thosewho引导的定语从句的用法。这里先行词是those（指人），所以后面用who。例10.我发现很难与那些一贯固执己见的人合作。(...it...)Ifinditishardtocooperatewiththosewhoalwayssticktotheirownopinions.“那些一贯固执己见的”做定语放在中心词前太长，处理成定语从句更为恰当。“whoalwayssticktotheirownopinions”。_____高考题型组合练A高考题型组合练Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(认同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.Inlabstudies,childrentestedatages4and6showedmorewillingnesstogiveupthetokens(代金券)theyhadearnedtofictionalchildreninneedwhentwoconditionswerepresent—iftheyshowedbodilychangeswhengiventheopportunitytoshareandhadexperiencedpositiveparentingthatmodeledsuchkindness.Thestudyinitiallyincluded74preschool-agechildrenandtheirmothers.Theywereinvitedbacktwoyearslater,resultingin54mother-childpairswhosebehaviorsandreactionswereanalyzedwhenthechildrenwere6.“Atbothages,childrenwithbetterphysiologicalregulationandwithmotherswhoexpressedstrongercompassionatelovewerelikelytodonatemoreoftheirearnings,”saidPaulHastings,UCDavisprofessorofpsychology.“Compassionatemotherslikelydevelopemotionallycloserelationshipswiththeirchildrenwhilealsoprovidinganearlyexampleofsatisfyingtheneedsofothers,”researcherssaidinthestudy,publishedinNovemberinFrontiersinPsychology”EmotionScience.Ineachlabexercise,afterattachingamonitortorecordchildren’sheart-rateactivity,theexaminertoldthechildrentheywouldbeearningtokensforavarietyofactivities,andthatthetokenscouldbeturnedinforaprize.Thetokenswereputintoabox,andeachchildeventuallyearned20prizetokens.Thenbeforethesessionended,childrenweretoldtheycoulddonateallorpartoftheirtokenstootherchildren.Takentogether,thefindingsshowedthatchildren’sgenerosityissupportedbythecombinationoftheirsocializationexperiences—theirmothers’compassionatelove—andtheirphysiologicalregulation,andthattheseworklike“internalandexternalsupportsfortheabilitytoactprosociallythatbuildoneachother”.Inadditiontoobservingthechildren’spropensity(习性)todonatetheirgameearnings,Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforce(加强)thegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”1．Howdoyoungchildrenlovedbytheirmothertendtobecomeinlateryears?A．Considerate. B．Emotional.C．Generous. D．Optimistic.2．Whatisthesecondparagraphmainlyabout?A．Theprocessoftheresearch. B．Theresultoftheexperiment.C．Thereactionsofthechildren. D．TheimportanceofMom’slove.3．AccordingtoHastings,whatfactorcouldstrengthenchildren’sgoodbehaviors?A．Theirmomslovethemdeeply. B．Theydonatethetokenseasily.C．Theybehavephysiologically. D．Theyarecalmeraftersharing.4．Whatisprobablythebesttitleofthispassage?A．WhatContributestoGenerosity?B．TheMoreYouGive,theCalmerYouWillBeC．DoYouPrefertoReceiveorGive?D．MoreGiving,LessReceiving【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。介绍在小时候从母亲那里学到的恻隐之心和认同之情的孩子比同龄人更慷慨。1．C【解析】细节理解题。由第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperiencedcompassionate(有同情心的)loveandempathy(认同感)fromtheirmothersmaybemorewillingtoturnthoughtsintoactionbybeinggeneroustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究表明，那些经历过母亲慈悲之爱和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通过慷慨对待他人，将想法转化为行动。）可知，早期受到母亲关爱的孩子后期往往变得更加慷慨。选项C与文意相符，故选C。2．A【解析】主旨大意题。通读第二段内容可知，该段介绍了对74名学龄前儿童进行的试验。首先在实验室针对两种情况对他们进行模仿测试，两年后又对这些母子的行为和反应进行分析。说明本段介绍的是研究的过程。选项A与文意相符，故选A。3．D【解析】细节理解题。由最后一段中的“Hastingssuggestedthat“beinginacalmerstateaftersharingcouldreinforcethegenerousbehaviorthatproducedthatgoodfeeling.”（Hastings认为，“分享后处于更平静的状态可以加强产生那种良好感觉的慷慨行为”）可知，分享后更平静的状态可以加强慷慨行为，选项D与文意相符，故选D。4．A【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第一段“Youngchildrenwhohaveexperienced...generoustoothers,aUniversityofCalifornia,Davis’studysuggests.”（加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究表明，那些经历过母亲慈悲之爱和同情心的孩子，可能更愿意通过慷慨对待他人，将想法转化为行动。）可知，文章介绍的是小时候从母亲那里学到的恻隐之心和认同之情的孩子比同龄人更慷慨。选项A与文意相符，故选A。BDirections:Readthefollowingpassage.Summarizethemainideaandthemainpoint(s)ofthepassageinnomorethan60words.Useyourownwordsasfaraspossible.【2022嘉定二模】CargoBikesBringHometheGoodsSincethefirstlockdown(封锁),increasingnumbersofcompanieshavestarteddeliveringtheirproductsonelectriccargobikes.AccordingtotheBroughtbyBike,therearenearly450independentbusinessesandtradespeopleacrosstheUKdeliveringgoodstocustomersusingelectricityandpedal(踏板)power.TheBikeDropwasestablishedintheearlydaysofthepandemic(疫情)tohelpbusinessesstrugglingtoreachcustomers.“Therewasinterestassoonasweopened.Companieswantedtochoosethegreeneroptionfordeliverieswhilecustomerslovedhavingtheirshoppingdeliveredbybike—andwealllovehavingcleaner,quieter,saferstreets,”saidHarryMcKeown,themanagingdirectoroftheBikeDrop.Duringthefirstmonthoflockdownthegrocerysectorrecordeda91%increaseinhomedeliveries.McKeownsaiddemandfortheirdeliveryservicesstartedhighandhadcontinuedtoclimb.“Wesoonhad13employeesdeliveringitemsfor36localbusinesses,”hesaid.“Wenowhaveagroupofelectricbikesthathavemadeover6,500individualpickupsanddeliveriesforlocalbusinesses,cycledover10,000kilometersandsavedmorethan2,300kilosofCO2.”E-cargobikescanmovequicklythroughcitystreets,meaningtheyareabletodeliverpackages60%fasterthantheirvanequivalents.Theyarecleaner—savingabout90%incarbonemissions—quieter,andcuttrafficjamsasabikeusesasmallpartoftheroadspaceofavan.Therearealsoagrowingnumberofelectriccargobikescoveringremoteareas:CargodalestarteddeliveringinthevalleysofWestYorkshireandhasexperiencedabusinessboom.TheCargodaleco-founderBeateKubitzsaid:“Iliveinaruralareaandwhenlockdownhappenedandhomedeliveriesincreased,Isawparadesofvanscomingdownmylittlelane,destroyingthedelicat