第七讲 独立主格结构

第七讲独立主格结构

分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，否则，就必须在分词前另加上自己的逻辑主语（名词或主格代词）的这个结构叫独立主格结构或分词的复合结构。1、独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时，其作用分别相当于时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时，相当于一个并列句。如：Supperfinished(=Aftersupperwasfinished),westartedtodiscussthepicnic.

吃完晚饭，我们开始讨论野餐的事。Alltheticketshavingbeensoldout(=Asalltheticketshavingbeensoldout),wehadtowaitforthenextweek’sshow.

所有的票都卖出去了，我们只好等着看下周的演出。2、表示独立主格结构中的being常省略。如：Thefootballmatch(being)over,crowdsofpeoplepouredoutintothestreet.

足球赛一结束，人群便涌到大街上。Nobody(being)in,Ididn’tenterthehall.

里面没有人，我没进大厅。3、表示伴随方式的独立主格结构，有时可用“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”的结构来替换。如：Helaytherethinking,hishandsbehindhishead/withhishandsbehindhishead.

他双手放在头下，躺在那里思考着。

Theriverlooksmorebeautiful,flowersandgrassgrowingonbothsides/withflowersandgrassgrowingonbothsides.

这条河看上去更加漂亮，因为两岸长满了鲜花和绿草。

“with＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构的宾语补足语可以是现在分词、过去分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语等，在句中可作定语，也可作状语，表示原因、方式等。如：Thechildrenlookedatus,withtheireyesopeningwide.

Iwouldmissthetrain,withnoonetowakemeup.

没人叫我，我会错过火车的。Theriverwithgrassandflowersonbothsidesrunsthroughourschoolyard.

这条两河两岸长满鲜花和绿草正从我们校园穿过。Withtheexaminationsover,wehadalongtimetorest.4、有些惯用的分词短语在句里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在，它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。如：generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowlyspeaking,judgingfrom/by,considering,supposing,providing,provided等。如：Talkingofthecomputer,Ilikeitverymuch.

谈到电脑，我非常喜欢。reside

[ri'zaid]vt.1.居住；定居(常与in或at连用):HerfamilyhasresidedinNewYorkformorethantenyears.2.(性质等)存在于(常与in连用)：ThemainattractionofBeijingresidesinitsenchantingscenery.北京最大的吸引力在于它的迷人景色。3.(权力等)归属于(常与in连用):Thepowertochangethegeneralmanagerresidesintheboardofdirectors.更换总经理的权力属于董事会。词根：resideadj.resident

居住的；定居的residentstudent

寄宿生;走读生;住校生residential

住宅的；与居住有关的n.resident

居民residence

住宅，住处；居住Quiz1.Themeeting_______nextweekissuretobeagreatsuccess.A.totakeplaceB.tobetakenplaceC.tohavetakenplaceD.beingtakenplace2._______bytheComradeLeiFeng,wetryourbesttodogooddeeds.A.InspiredB.BeinginspiredC.TobeinspiredD.Inspiring3.It'snogood_______here.Let'sgohome.A.towaitB.waitedC.waitingD.beingwaited4.Ilistenedtothewind,______thathewouldnotcometonight.A.thinkingB.tothinkC.thoughtD.beingthinking5.Iremained_______longafterIhadbeentoldthestory.

A.puzzlingB.puzzledC.beingpuzzledD.tobepuzzled6.Thearticle_________onthissubjectwaswrittenbyMr.Black.

A.referringB.referredC.referringtoD.referredto

7.Livingnearthesea,_______________.A.weenjoyhealthyairandbeautifulsightB.healthyairandbeautifulsightiswhatweenjoyC.itishealthyairandbeautifulsightweenjoyD.soweenjoyhealthyairandbeautifulsight8.________sincethenightbefore,Ifeltveryhungry.A.HavingnoteatenanythingB.NoteatinganythingC.Ihadn'teatenanythingD.Nothavingeatenanything

9._______itwithmeandI'llseewhatIcando.A.WhenleftB.LeavingC.IfyouleaveD.Leave10._______suchachance,whydon'tyouhaveatry?A.TogiveB.HavingC.GivenD.Giving11.Wediscussedtheplanthatwewouldliketosee________thenextweek.A.carryonB.carryingoutC.carriedoutD.tocarryout12._________madethemmuchdisappointed.A.HisnotcomingbackB.NothiscomingbackC.HenottocomebackD.Nothecomeback13.Fivepeoplewerereported______intheaccident.A.tobekilledB.tokillC.killedD.tohavebeenkilled

14.IflewtoParisthismorning,myassistant_______metherethisFriday.A.joiningB.tojoinC.willjoinD.wantstojoin15."Doyoumind_________?""Goahead."A.openingthedoorB.youropeningthedoorC.myopeningthedoorD.Iopeningthedoor16.____________,Iwenttotheparkwithmyuncle.A.AsholidayB.BeingnoclassesC.SincehavenoclassesD.Itbeingaholiday

17.Icameintotheclassroom,______myseatandsatdowntoread.

A.findingB.tofindC.foundD.founded18.Itisaproblemthatdoesn'tneed______rightnow.A.tosolve