第二讲国际货物买卖法e

PointsDefinitionofcontractDefinitionofsalescontractDefinitionofinternationalsalescontractLawsadjustingtheinternationalsalescontractCustomsadjustingtheinternationalsalescontractDefinitionofcontractAmericanscholarregard:A“contract”isanagreementthatthelawwillenforceCharacterofcontractTheremustbeanagreementbetweentheparties.Theremustbeconsiderationtosupportacontractualclaim.Theremustbetwoormoreparties.Thelegalpurposeforwhichthepromisesareexchangedmustbeconsistentwithlawandsoundpublicpolicy.ChineselawChineseCivillaw:Acontractshallbeanagreementwherebythepartiesestablish,changeorterminatetheircivilrelationship.ChinesecontractlawAcontractreferstoanagreementestablishing,modifyingandterminatingthecivilrightsandobligationsbetweensubjectsofequalfooting,thatis,betweennaturalpersons,legalpersonsorotherorganizations.Itdoesnotincludethoseagreementsinvolvingpersonalstatusrelationshipsuchasonmatrimony,adoption,guardianship,etc.EnglishcontractlawAcontractisanagreementintendedtobelegallybindingandsupportedbyconsideration.Americancontract(2nd)Acontractisapromiseorsetofpromisesforthebreachofwhichthelawgivesaremedy,ortheperformanceofwhichthelawinsomewayrecognizesasaduty.u.c.c“Agreement”meansthebargainofthepartiesinfactasfoundintheirlanguageorbyimplicationfromothercircumstancesincludingcourseofdealingorusageoftradeorcourseofperformanceasprovidedinthisAct(Sections1-205and2-208).WhetheranagreementhaslegalconsequenceisdeterminedbytheprovisionsofthisAct,ifapplicable;otherwisebythelawofcontracts(Section1-103).u.c.c

“Contract”meansthetotallegalobligationwhichresultsfromtheparties’agreementasaffectedbythisActandanyotherapplicablerulesoflaw.(Compare“Agreement.”)SortofcontractBilateralcontractandunilateralcontract.Expresscontract\implied-in-fact\implied-in-lawValidcontract\voidcontract\voidablecontractBilateralcontractandunilateralcontract.Abilateralcontractisanexchangeofpromisesandaunilateralcontractischaracterizedbyapromiseexchangedforanactofperformance.Expresscontract\implied-in-fact\implied-in-lawAnexpresscontractoccurswhenthepartiesstatetheiragreementorallyorinwriting.Animplied-in-factcontractmeansthatthepartiesmanifesttheiragreementbyconductratherthanbywords.Animplied-in-lawcontract,referredtoasquasi-contracts,arenotbasedonagreementandthereforearenottruecontracts.Validcontract\voidcontract\voidablecontractAvalidcontractisonethatisinallrespectsinaccordancewiththelegalrequirementsforacontract.Ifacontractfailstosatisfyanyofthelegalrequirements,itissaidtobevoid.Avoidablecontractisoneinwhichoneormorepartieshavethepowertoendthecontract.

“International”contractsTheinternationalcharacterofacontractmaybedefinedinagreatvarietyofways.Thesolutionsadoptedinbothnationalandinternationallegislationrangfromareferencetotheplaceofbusinessorhabitualresidenceofthepartiesindifferencecountriestotheadoptionofmoregeneralcriteriasuchasthecontracthaving“significantconnectionswithmorethanoneState”,,”involvingachoicebetweenthelawsofdifferentStates”,or”affectingtheinterestsofinternationaltrade”Definition

of

Sales

Contract

A

sales

contract

is

a

contract

whereby

the

seller

transfers

title

to

the

subject

matter

to

the

buyer,

who

pays

the

price.

Contractforthesaleofgoods=Isthetransferofownershiptotangibleinexchangeformoney,othergoods,ortheperformanceofservices.Contractforthesaleofgoods“Goods”includesallchattelsexceptchoseinactionandmoney.Realassets\choseinaction\incorporealchattelsTheConventiondoesnotapplytosales:(a)ofgoodsboughtforpersonal,familyorhouseholduse,unlessthesellersatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract,neitherknewnoroughttohaveknownthatthegoodswereboughtforanysuchuse;(b)byauction?TheConventiondoesnotapplytosales:

(c)onexecutionorotherwisebyauthorityoflaw;(d)ofstocks;shares,investmentsecirities,negotiableinstrumentsormoney(e)ofships,vessels,hovercraftoraircraft;(f)ofelectricity.Requirementofsalescontract

Threerequirementsmustexistbeforeacontractwillberegardedasacontractforthesaleofgoods.

I.Thesubjectmatterofthecontractmustbegoods.

II.Atransferof“property”ingoodsisrequired.

III.Theremustbeamoneyconsideration.

InternationalsaleofgoodsAninternationalsaleofgoodsisasaleinvolvingpartiesfromdifferentcountries.Acontractdealingwithsuchasaleortransactionisacontractfortheinternationalsaleofgoods.Threeelements…..Therearethreeessentialelementsinaninternationalsaleofgoods:1.Thereisasale,whichisdifferentfromanexchangeofgoods,counter-tradeorbarterasameansofinternationalcommerce.2。Thesubjectmatterofthesaleis‘goods’,whichhasadifferentmeaningunderdifferentlaws.3.thesaleiseffectedataninternationallevel,involvingvariousinternationalelements,suchasaforeignbuyerorseller,foreignoriginordestinationofthegoods,foreignbanksorfinancialinstitutions,ortheapplicationofforeignlawandjurisdiction,amongothers.ContractsfortheinternationalsaleofgoodsUnderCISG,itmeansthatcontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentstatesplacesofbusiness(a)ifapartyhasmorethanoneplaceofbusiness,theplaceofbusinessisthatwhichhastheclosestrelationshiptothecontractanditsperformancehavingregardtothecircumstancesknowntoorcontemplatedbythepartiesatanytimebeforeorattheconclusionofthecontract;(b)ifapartydoesnothaveaplaceofbusiness,referenceistobemadetohishabitualresidence.Lawsadjustinginternationalsalescontract1。SaleofGoodsActs，1893；2。UniformCommercialCode--UCC3。UnitedNationConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods）---CISG。4。GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw/ContractLaw5。PRINCIPLESOFINTERNATIONALCOMMERCIALCONTRACTS（UNIDROIT）6。WTO——WORLDTRADEORGANIZATION7。INTERNATIONALCOMMODITYAGREEMENT8。UNCITRALMODELLAWONELECTRONICCOMMERCEsphereof(legal)validity

-----validationtimeoflaw-----validityoflawinspace-----legalvalidityinpersonamOurReservationstoCISG

Acontractofsaleneednotbeconcludedinorevidencedbywritingandisnotsubjecttoanyotherrequirementastoform.Itmaybeprovedbyanymeans,includingwitnesses.II.ThisConventionappliestocontractsofsaleofgoodsbetweenpartieswhoseplacesofbusinessareindifferentStates:ernationallawleadtotheapplicationofthelawofaContractingState.UNIDROITprinciples“commerci