浙江大学英语课件8

Unit8NatureandNurturePartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingGlobalReadingOrganizationAnalysisQuestionsandAnswersUnderstandingSpecificInformationPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingOrganizationAnalysisDirections:

Workinpairsandcompletetheoutlinewithwhatyougetfromthepassage.Partoftheoutlinehasbeendoneforyou.1)Introduction.(para.1)Nocharacteristiciscausedexclusivelybyeitherenvironmentorgenes.Topic:PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading2)Researchontherelativeeffectsofheredityandenvironment.

(para.2-8)A.Studiesonidenticaltwinsraisedtogether.(para.2)Findings:Theyareremarkablyalikeinbothappearanceandbehavior.Implication:Individualswiththe

,whenraisedinthe

,willrespondtoitinmuchthesameway.B.Studiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartinsimilarenvironments.(para.3-4)samegenessameenvironmentPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingFindings:Theyexhibitedgreat

and

likenesses.Implication:Thisdoesnotinformusofthepowerofgenesandthelimitationoftheeffectoftheenvironment.C.Studiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartincontrastingenvironments.(para.5-8)FindingsofacasestudyonGladysandHelen:Theirsimilarities:Their

,

,

,and

wereverysimilar.teethhaircolorweightheightphysicalpsychologicalPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingTheirdifferencesinpersonality:Helenwas

,

,madethemostofher

,andshowed

insocialrelationships;whileGladyswas

,

,

andwithout

.Implication:Genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.3)Conclusion.(para.9)

confidentgracefulpersonalappearanceconsiderablepolishandeaseshyself-consciousquietcharmingorgracefulmannersWhatwecandoissetbythegenes,butwhatweactuallydoislargelydeterminedbytheenvironment.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingQuestionsandAnswersIsthereanycharacteristiccausedexclusivelybyeitherenvironmentorgenes?No,thereisn’t.2)Whatarethefindingsofthestudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartinsimilarenvironment?Thetwinsarepsychologicallyandphysicallysimilartoeachother.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading3)Whatarethefindingsofthestudiesonidenticaltwinsraisedapartincontrastingenvironments?

Theyhavesimilarphysicaltraitsbutdifferentpsychologicaltraits.

4)Whatismoreresponsibleforphysicalappearancesuchasweight,height,haircolorandteeth?

Nature,thatis,heredity.

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading5)Whatismoreresponsibleforone’smannersinsociallives?

Nurture,forexample,one’seducation,experiencesandsoon.

6)WhatdoestheexampleofHelenandGladystellus?

Importantastheyare,genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.Thesocialenvironmentpeoplegrowupinalsoplaysavitalrole.

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading7)Heredityorenvironment,whichisstrongerinmakingwhatoneis?

Bothareimportant.It’shardtojustifywhichisstronger.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReadingUnderstandingSpecificInformation

1)One’sappearanceandbehaviordependcompletelyongenes.

2)Twinsaremorelikelytodevelopsevereillnessesiftheyareraisedapart.

3)Helenreceivedagoodeducationbecauseherfosterparentswerewelleducated.

4)HelenandGladysgrewupincompletelydifferentenvironment.Directions:

Decidewhethereachofthefollowingstatementsistrueorfalsebasedonthepassageyouhavejustread.Write“T”fortrueand“F”forfalse.FFFFPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>GlobalReading

5)GladyswassimilartoHeleninphysicalappearance.

6)ThedifferencesbetweenHelenandGladysintheirbehaviorweretheresultofthedifferenteducationtheyhadreceived.

7)HelenandGladysappearedinthesameadvertisement.

8)Genespredictone’spotentialsandenvironmentdetermineone’srealperformance.TTTFSentenceStudy语法训练No+NP+without构成双重否定，表达肯定意义。其中no修饰的名词短语可作主语。译文

…weseethattherecanbenodevelopmentwithouttheinteractingenvironment.

(Line7P1)

Example在有些国家里,没有当面接触就做不成大生意,需要面对面的交谈。Insomecountriesnomajorbusinessisconducted

withouteyecontact,requiringface-to-faceconversation.未经出版社同意不得以任何形式进行复制。Nootherreproductioninanyformispermittedwithoutwrittenpermissionfromthepublishinghouse.Example没有放大镜，一种让东西显得大一些的特殊玻璃，谁也认不清这些印的极小的字体。Noonecanreadthesemicroprintswithoutamagnifyingglass,aspecialglassthatmakesthingslookbigger.

…weseethattherecanbenodevelopmentwithouttheinteractingenvironment.

译文……我们就会明白，没有与其相互作用的环境，就不可能有任何个人的发展。

Therelativeeffectsofheredityandenvironmentaremostclearlyobservableinidenticaltwins.

(Line1P2)句型应用The(relative)effectsof…are(mostclearly)observable.效果/影响是显而易见的完全可以看出……的影响

译文Example在周围的田地和河流中完全可以看到这个新工厂对环境的影响。Theenvironmentaleffectofthisnewfactoryismostclearlyobservableinthesurroundingfieldandriver.这些炸弹影响的结果已非常清楚地写在这些男人、女人和孩子的脸上。Theeffectofthebombs

wasmostclearlyobservableinthefaceofmen,women,andchildren.Example当他们加入到一种陌生的文化中时，文化休克的结果在毫无准备的参观者身上极其显著。Theeffectofcultureshockismostclearlyobservableintheunpreparedvisitorswhentheyareinvolvedinastrangeculture.

Therelativeeffectsofheredityandenvironmentaremostclearlyobservableinidenticaltwins.

译文遗传和环境的相对影响在同卵双胞胎中最易观察到。句型应用nomore…than

和……一样不；比……更不；非常不nomorethan(=only)

不过，仅仅译文

Inastudy

…therewerenomoresignificantdifferencesthanexistedamongunseparatedpairsoftwins.

(Line1P4)

句型应用“Nomoresignificantdifferencesthanexisted”的完整形式是“Nomoresignificantdifferencethanthedifferencesthatexisted”。译文

Inastudy

…therewerenomoresignificantdifferencesthanexistedamongunseparatedpairsoftwins.

Example他和我们一样不是上帝。HeisnomoreaGodthanus.她匆匆走进房间，对站在外面的孩子们只是漫不经心地瞟了一眼。Shehurriedintotheroomwithnomorethan

acasualglanceatthechildrenstandingoutside.Example金钱不过是我们的仆人。Money

is

no

more

than

our

servant.中国没有其它地方像桂林一样可以让人记住你们美丽的国家。NoplaceinChinacanproducemorememoriesofthebeautyofyourcountrythanGuilin.Inastudy

…therewerenomoresignificantdifferencesthanexistedamongunseparatedpairsoftwins.

译文……双胞胎之间的差异并不比一起长大的双胞胎之间的差异更显著。语法训练

Importantastheyare,genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.

(Line68)

这是as引导的让步状语从句，从句要倒装。该句相当于：Thoughtheyareimportant,...“形容词/副词+as/though+主语+谓语”句型，引导让步状语从句。译文ExamplePoorashewas(thoughhewaspoor),hewashonest.MuchasIadmirehimasawriter,Idon’tlikehimasaman.Teacherasheis,hecannotfinishtaskinanhour.Bravethoughtheywere,theyhadnochanceofwinning.请选择正确的答案。Exercise___________,theydidtheirbesttohelpus.A)YoungastheyareB)YoungastheywereC)Strongastheyare.D)Powerfulastheywere___________,hecan’tworkouttheproblem.A)AscleverashewasB)ThoughhemaybecleverC)Cleverashewas.

D)Cleverthoughhemaybe___________,theyfishedinwater.A)AsitwascoldB)AscolditwasC)ColdasthewaterwasD)ColdasitwasBDD

Importantastheyare,genesaloneareneverabsolutelyresponsibleforanytrait.

(Line9P9)译文

尽管基因非常重要，但是基因本身决不能完全决定任何一个特点。

WordsandPhrasesheredity(n.)

(Line4,Para1)[U]thepassingonofqualitiesfromparenttochildinthecellsofthebody遗传；遗传性

Somediseasesdevelopbecauseoftheconditionsonelivesin;othersarepresentbyheredity.有些孩子性情温和似乎是遗传所致。Somechildrenseemtobegentlebyheredity.有些疾病是由于人居住的环境形成的，有些是遗传的缘故。Translationheritage

使用最广泛，不仅指一般的遗产，也指世代相传的具有特色的精神财富或物质财富。比较

heritage,

heredity

和

inheritance

词汇辨析heredity

特指生物遗传。inheritance

指继承这一行为，不指继承的东西。为抽象名次。请用heritage,heredity或inheritance填空。Exercise他将从姑母那里继承来的财产捐给了当地孤儿院。Theestatehereceived__________byfromhisauntwasdonatedtothelocalorphanage.公正比赛是我们的传统。Fairplayispartofour_______.heritageinheritance我们的肤色取决于遗传。Thecolourofourskinisdueto_________.heredityinteract(v.)

(Line8,Para.1)

(+on/with)haveaneffectoneachotherorsomethingelse

互相作用，互相影响大学生，社会Wecollegestudentsshouldactivelyinteractwiththesociety.Wecollegestudentsshouldbeinactiveinteractionwiththesociety.各国，互相作用Ininternationalaffairs,allcountriesareinterrelatedandinteractoneachother.

请用下面的提示词造句。Exerciseidentical(adj.nocomp.)(Line3,Para.2)1.(+with/to)exactlyalike

完全相同的，完全一样的2.thesame同一的请辨析下列句子中identical的含义。ExerciseThisistheidenticalhotelthatwestayedinlastyear.a.相同的b.同一的Noleavesareidentical.a.相同的b.同一的

同一天Botheventshappenedontheidenticalday.声音相同Yourvoiceisidenticaltoyourbrothers.Youandyourbrotherhavealmostidenticalvoices.请用下面的提示词造句。Exerciseresemblance(n.)(Line7,Para.3)thefactoraninstanceofbeinglikeorsimilartoantherpersonorthing相似，类似resemble

(v.)lookorbe

like像，似这对同卵双胞胎(theidenticaltwins)长相相似但性格不同。这个赝品(counterfeit)与徐悲鸿的真迹极其相似。Thereisastrongresemblance

betweentheauthenticworkofXuBeihongandthecounterfeit.Theidenticaltwinsresembleeachotherinappearancebutnotincharacter.Translationsubstantially(Line12,Para.4)substance(n.)

1.(C)amaterial;typeofmatter

物；物质2.(the+,U)theimportantpart;therealmeaning实质；本质；主旨；大意请根据提示完成下面的对话。ExerciseStudentA:Whataretheydiscussing?StudentB:___________________________ishowoftenandhowlongastudentcansurfonline.

(他们讨论的主题)Thesubstanceoftheirdiscussion请根据提示完成下面的对话。ExerciseStudent:Whatiswater?Teacher:Waterisa___________________.(生命必须的物质)

substancevitaltolifesubstantial(adj.)

1.solid;stronglymade

牢固的；结实的

2.noticeable;important;ofsomesizeorvalue

显著的；重要的；有价值的substantially(adv.)quite

a

lot相当大地尽管年轻，他已为这个工程作出了相当大的贡献。出国留学意味着在生活上作出重大改变。Tostudyabroadindicatestomakesubstantialchangesinlife.Thoughyoung,hehassubstantiallycontributedtotheproject.Translationillustrate(v.)(Line20,Para.4)1.(+by/with)makethemeaning(ofsomething)clearerbygivingrelatedexamples阐明，说明2.(+with)putpicturesinabook,article,etc.给……作插图说明请完成下面的句子。Exercise他通过讲述自身的体验来阐明他的论点。He________________byrelatinghisownexperience.illustratedhispoint如果你给这本儿童读物配上插图，它就更畅销了。Ifyou_______________________,itwillsellmuchbetter.illustratethischildrenbook请完成下面的句子。Exercisedemonstrate意为“示范；说明”。通常通过动作示范来说明。demonstrate和illustrate词汇辨析illustrate通过给出实例、图表等来说明。这些数据表明这台电脑性能良好。Thedata_________thatthiscomputerworkedwell.illustrated请用demonstrate和illustrate填空。Exercise我们的工作人员会随时为您演示这台电脑的功能。Ourstaffmembersarealwaysreadyto__________howthiscomputerworks.demonstrateresume(v.)

(Line6,Para.6)

1)startdoingsomethingagainafterstoppingorbeinginterrupted(中断之后)继续2)takeagain重新占用请完成下面的句子。Exercise失败后他很快就重振精神，投入新的工作。He________________andthrewhimselfintothenewworksoonafterthefailure.resumedhisspirits他的脸上很快就又露出自信的神情。Hisfacequickly___________________________.resumedits人们期望在交通高峰前恢复交通。____________________________beforetherushhour.Trafficisexpectedtoberesumed请完成下面的句子。Exerciseconfidentexpression女士们，先生们，请回到原来的坐位。_____________________,ladiesandgentlemen.Kindlyresumeyourseatsdistinguish(v.)(Line6,Para.7)1)hear,see,orrecognize辨认出；看清楚；听清楚2)(+from/between)makeorrecognizedifferences辨别；区别；

3)behave(oneself)noticeablywell

使出众，使扬名根据他的制服很容易把他辨认出来。Heiseasily__________hisuniform.A.distinguishedby B.recognizeby

TranslationA（认出）Translation他在与美国的商业谈判中表现突出。有时人们无法谨慎地区别事实和传言。Everysooften,peoplecannotcarefullydistinguishbetweenfactsandrumors.HedistinguishedhimselfinthecommercialnegotiationwithAmerica.distinguished(adj.)markedbyexcellentqualityordeservedfame

著名的，杰出的distinguishable

(adj.)thatcanbeclearlyseen,heard,orrecognizedasdifferent清晰可见的；可辨别的请用distinguished和distinguishable填空。ExerciseA:CanyoudistinguishaBUICKLESABREfromothercars?B:Ofcourse!Itsexteriorisrather_____________.What’smore,itis___________foritsquality.

distinguishabledistinguishedbeliableto(Line6,Para.9)1)易于……的；有……倾向的；应受（处罚的）；易遭；易患2)+v.容易做……A:Nosmoking,please!B:Whatif?A:____________________________________.A:Ah,winteriscoming!B:PoorSusan!_______________________.A:Solongitisnotbirdflu.

(她冬天易患流感。)

(违者将处以最多可达100英镑的罚款。)TranslationOffendersareliabletofinesofupto￡100Sheisliabletofluinwinterbeliableto(Line6,Para.9)1)易于……的；有……倾向的；应受（处罚的）；易遭；易患2)+v.容易做……TranslationHumanbeingsareliabletomakemistakesunderstress.

人类在压力之下容易犯错误。exhibit(v.)

(Line7,Para.9)

1)showaparticularquality,feeling,ortypeofbehavior

显示，展示2)showsomethinginapublicplacesothatpeoplecangotoseeit展出，展览，陈列请完成下面的句子。ExerciseThoughnotrich,he____________________forthosehomelesschildrenandmakewhateverefforttohelpthem.(显示极大关怀)exhibitedgreatconcernManufacturesare____________________________.(展示新车模型)exhibitingtheirnewmodelcars请完成下面的句子。ExerciseHewill_________________________________inNewYork.

(在公众面前展出)exhibithispaintingsbeforethepublicUsefulExpressionsThetwinswereraisedinmuchthesamephysicalenvironments.Exceptionsoccurredwhen….Thetwinsareremarkablyalikein….Thetwinsmaintaintheclosestresemblancetoeachotherin….这对双胞胎成长的自然环境几乎相同。……时有例外。这对双胞胎在……方面及其相似。thetwins/onetwin/twosetsoftwins/identicaltwins双胞胎/一对双胞胎中的一个/两对双胞胎/同卵双胞胎developarathersevereillnessthetwofamiliesfarremovedfromeachother患了相当严重的疾病相距甚远的两家Helenmadethemostofherpersonalappearance.海伦充分利用了她外表的优势。Helenshowedconsiderablepolishandeaseinsocialrelationships.海伦在社交中显得很从容、有修养。PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingPost-ReadingChoosetheBestExplanationSynonymsCompletetheSentencesCompletetheGappedParagraphPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingChoosetheBestExplanationThetwinswhowerethe

subjects

ofthesestudies...A.thingspeopletalkaboutB.coursestakenbyuniversitystudentsC.peoplebeingtestedorstudied2.

Exceptionsoccurredwhenonetwinhaddevelopedarathersevereillnessand…

A.seriousB.suddenC.intense√√Directions:

Choosethebestexplanationfortheitalicizedwordineachsentence.PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading3.

…andGladys’formaleducationcametoanend,andwasnotresumeduntilthefamilymovedtoOntario.

A.assumedB.repeatedC.continued

4.

…andshowedconsiderablepolishandeaseinsocialrelationships.A.abilityB.careC.grace

√√5.

…withoutcharmingorgracefulmanners…

A.waysinwhichonebehavesB.habitsandcustomsC.waysinwhichathingisdone

6.

Consideringthenatureoftheirenvironmentalexperiences…A.worldaroundusB.essentialqualityC.characterofaperson

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading√√PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading7.

Ontheotherhand,traitsthatarenotliabletobeinfluencedbytheenvironmentaremorelikelyto…

A.surelyB.likelyC.able

8.

Whatwecandoissetbythegenes…

A.placedB.determinedC.doubled√√PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingSynonymsDirections:

Completethesentencesbyfillingintheblankswithwordsfromthebox.Someofthewordscanbeusedtwice.Changetheformifnecessary.

alikeidenticallikeresemblesamesimilar1)It’samazinghowcloselyBrianandSteve

eachother.

2)MotherandIareexactly

.Ihaven’tathingincommonwithmyfather.3)

manywomenofherage,shestruggledtofindabalancebetweenhercareerandherchildren.resemblealikeLike4)Thespeechwasstrikingly

toonegivenbytheAmericanPresidentearlierthisyear.

5)Thefurniturewasmadeinmuchthe

wayasitwasover200yearsago.

6)

twinsarealwaysofthe

sexandtheylookalmostexactly

.

PartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingalikeidenticallikeresemblesamesimilarsimilarsamesameIdenticalalikePartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingCompletetheSentencesDirections:Completeeachofthefollowingsentenceswithanappropriateadverbfromthebox.

actuallyabsolutelyapproximatelyeventuallyexclusivelyobviouslyremarkablysimilarlyYoumustbe

silentorthebirdswon’tappear.Seventy-twopercentofthepeople

foundwork,butmainlyinlow-paidservicejobs.Hewasintearsand

veryupset.Menmustwearajacketandtie.

,womenshoulddressquiteformally.absolutelySimilarlyeventuallyobviouslyPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading5)Sheplaystheviolin

wellforachildofherage.6)—“Howmanypeoplediedintheplanecrash?”

—

“Idon’tknowtheexactnumber,buttherewere

200peopleontheplane.7)Almostallofthesurroundinglandisowned

byafewveryrichfarmers.8)ItturnsoutthatoneofthechildrenIthoughtwasagirlwas

aboy.

actuallyabsolutelyapproximatelyeventuallyexclusivelyobviouslyremarkablysimilarlyactuallyexclusivelyapproximatelyremarkablyPartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-ReadingTranslationDirections:

CompletethefollowingsentencesbytranslatingtheChineseinbracketsintoEnglish.

Therearenearly24reportedsetsoftwinsinthetown._____________________________________(其中差不多12对是同卵双胞胎）2.“Wearewellawareofthisdangerand_______________________________________(不会盲目采纳人们说的话。）,”statedMr.Malcom.3.Istillremember_______________________________________(我初次在湖边遇见你的时候）；whatyougaveme,allthatyougaveme.ofwhichnearly12areidenticaltwins.won’tblindlyacceptwhatpeoplesaywhenIfirstmetyouonthelakesidePartTwo:In-ClassReading>>Post-Reading4.Whenshecametowritinghercollegeproject,shefoundothermaterial;thiswould___________________________________.(使她更充分地享受该工作的乐趣。）5.___________________________________(一旦15分钟的休息结束）,youmuststartthenextexercisetomaketheexerciseprogrammemoreeffective.6.____________________________(没有他们作为志愿者来工作），wewouldneverbeabletoprovideanyserviceforthosewhoneedit.7.Pearsaretreated____________________________________(与其他一些水果几乎相同的方法）butareneverwrapped.8.Asimilarmeetingheldatthebeginningoftheyear,____________________________________________________(有包括教师、护士和医生60人参加的）