第3讲 数词、冠词

第3讲数词、冠词

(一)数词1．数词的分类英语中的数词分为基数词(表数量)和序数词(表顺序)。2．基数词变序数词的方法(1)一般在词尾加th。如：fourth,tenth,thirteenth等。(2)以y结尾的基数词，先变y为ie，再加th。twentieth,thirtieth,fortieth,fiftieth,sixtieth,ninetieth等。(3)“几十几”的数词变化在个位上。如：twenty­fourth,onehundredandeighty­sixth等。(4)特殊变化有：first,second,third,fifth,eighth,ninth以及twelfth。注意：序数词的缩写方法：阿拉伯数字＋序数词的最后两个字母。如：1st,2nd,3rd,4th,21st,32nd,103rd等。3．数词的用法(1)基数词表示数量，序数词表示顺序。Therearetwelvemonthsinayear,andthethirdoneisMarch.注意：①基数词表具体的数量时后面的数量单位(hundred,thousand,million,billion)一律用单数，表不具体、大约数量时用它们的复数＋of＋名词。threehundred/thousand/million/billionpeople(√)threehundreds/thousands/millions/billionspeople()hundreds/thousands/millions/billionsofpeople(√)②序数词前一般要加定冠词the,表示“第几个”，强调顺序；但也可以在其前面加a/an，表示“又一个、另一个”，不强调顺序。ThisisthefirsttimeIhaveseenthefilm.Ihaveseenthefilmbefore,butIwanttoseeitasecondtime.(2)表时间①表时刻。8：15eightfifteen＝aquarterpasteight7：30seventhirty＝halfpastseven9：45nineforty­five＝aquartertotenfifteen可说成quarter,thirty可说成half。②表日期。March21,1998/March21st,1998(读作Marchthetwenty­first,nineteenninety­eight)＝21March,1998/21stMarch,1998(读作thetwenty­firstofMarch,nineteenninety­eight)③表年份。注意以下年份的读法：1902nineteenOtwo或nineteenhundredandtwo1900nineteenhundred2000twothousand2007twothousandandseven④表年代，岁数。Hewasborninthe1960s/1960'sandisinhisfortiesnow.4．分数词的表达(1)用英语读、写分数时，分子用基数词，分母用序数词；当分子大于一时，分母要用复数。1/3(onethird),4/5(fourfifths)注意：当分母是2和4时，可以用half和quarter代替。1/2(asecond＝onesecond＝ahalf)1/4(afourth＝onefourth＝aquarter)3/4(threefourths＝threequarters)(2)小数和百分数①小数点读作point，其前后的数都用基数词表达。0．03zeropointzerothree3．14threepointonefour②百分数用percent表示。5%fivepercent0．1%zeropointonepercent注意：当小数、分数或百分数用作主语时，其谓语动词的单复数由其代表的名词的意义决定。如果是单数名词或不可数名词，谓语用单数；如果是复数名词，谓语用复数。Threequartersofhisbodywasbadlyhurt.Fiftypercentofthemeatisbad.Onefifthofthebooksbelongtome.()1.TheearthquakeinYa'anleft______peoplehomeless.A．twothousandsB．thousandsof(2013·济宁)C．twothousandsofD．twothousandof解析：考查数词的用法。thousandsof意为“成千上万的”，表示不确切的数字。由句意“雅安地震让成千上万的人无家可归。”，所以答案选B。()2.—Whatshouldwedonow，Mr.Clark?—PleaseturntoPage_____andlookatthe_____picture.A．Twelve；fifthB．Twelfth；fifth(2013·黄冈)C．Twelve；fiveD．Twelfth；five解析：考查数词，在名词之后用基数词，都大写，是专用名词；在名词之前用序数词，表示第……。故选A。()3.Mother'sDayisonthe______SundayinMayeveryyear.A．twoB．secondC．sixD．sixth(2013·济南)解析：考查数词的用法。由常识可知，母亲节是在每年五月的第二个星期天。根据the判断此处应该使用序数词。所以答案选B。()4.Everyyear,______peoplegotovisittheirfactory.A．athousandofB．thousands(2011·清远)C．thousandofD．thousandsof解析：考查数词。数词hundred，thousand，million等后面跟of时，要变复数。排除C。thousand前接具体数字时，后面不能跟of，排除A。thousands后要加of，排除B，所以答案选D。()5.Lastyear，IvisitedachemicalfactoryinBaise，thereareabout______workersinit.(2011·百色)A．sixthousandsB．sixthousandC．sixthousandsofD．sixthousandof解析：本考查数词的用法，“六千名工人”的正确表达是“sixthousandworkers”，所以答案选B。()6.About______ofthestudentsinourclasswereborninthe______.(2011·绥化)A．two­thirds；1990sB．two­thirds；1990C．two­third；1990s解析：数词的考查。分数的分子用基数词，分母为序数词。分子不是一的，分母序数词加s。表示年代的要在后面加“s”。故选A。(二)冠词1．冠词的分类冠词分为不定冠词(a/an)、定冠词(the)两种。2．不定冠词a/an的用法a用于辅音音素(不是辅音字母)开头的单数可数名词前，an用于元音音素(不是元音字母)开头的单数可数名词前。它们主要有以下用法：(1)表种类。Ahorseisveryusefulhere.＝Thehorseisveryusefulhere.＝Horsesareveryusefulhere.Mybrotherisacollegestudentnow.(2)泛指某类人或事物中的一个。Iwantanapple,notapear.(3)相当于“one”，但不强调数量。(强调数量时用one)Thereisa“u”andan“s”intheword“use”．Wehaveonlyoneearth.Ihaveonesisterandtwobrothers.(4)用于某些固定短语中。alotof,alittle,afew,abitof,anumberof等。

()1.HanMeimeiis______Chinesegirl.Lucyis______Englishgirl.A．a；aB．an；anC．a；anD．an；a()2.Alittleboywrote______“U”and______“n”onthewall.A．a；anB．an；aC．an；anD．a；a()3.Therearesixtyminutesin______hour.A．anB．theC．aD．/()4.Heleftinsuch______hurrythatheforgottoclosethedoor.A．/B．aC．anD．the3．定冠词the的用法(1)指特定的人或物。ThemanovertherewillbeourChineseteachernextterm.Doyouknowthenameoftheboy?(2)指说话人和听话人都知道的人或物。Wouldyoupleasecleantheblackboardforme?PleaseturnontheTV.(3)指前面提到过的人或物。Iboughtabookyesterday,andthebookisveryinteresting.There'samanandawomaninthephoto.ThemanisTom'sfatherandthewomanishismother.CAAB(4)指世界上独一无二的事物。Aseverybodyknows,theearthgoesroundthesun.(5)用于形容词的最高级和序数词前。Heistheyoungestofthefour.Decemberisthetwelfthmonthoftheyear.(6)用于普通名词构成的专有名词前。theGreatWall,theYellowRiver,thePacificOcean,theHimalayas(喜马拉雅山脉),theWhiteHouse(白宫)(7)用于部分形容词前，表示一类人。therich富人，thepoor穷人，theold老人，theyoung年轻人(8)用于姓氏前，表示一家人或夫妇二人。TheWhitesarehavingdinnernow.(9)用于某些固定短语中。ontheleft(right),intheeast(west/south/north),inthemorning,bytheway,intheend,allthesame,allthetimeI．在空白处填上适当的冠词。1．Manypeoplecameheretovisit_____oldcastle.2．Hewasgiven____penand____form.Heisgoingtousethepentofillouttheform.3．______carisbadlydamaged.4．________horseisausefulanimal.5．Thisis______mostinterestingbookIhaveeverread.6．Sheisin_____thirdgroup.II.单项选择。()1.Chinaisoneof______oldestcountriesin______world.A．the；theB．the；/C．a；aD．an；the()2.Someanimals，like______cat，______dogor______wolf，donotneedtohibernate.A．/；/；theB．the；the；theC．a；/；theD．the；/；/()3.______UnitedStatesliesinNorthAmerica.A．AnB．AC．TheD．/()4.Heis______tallerofthetwoboys.A．/B．theC．aD．an4．不用冠词的情况(1)表泛指或种类时，复数名词前不用冠词。HelikeseatingbananaswhileIlikeeatingmangos.theaaTheTheAthetheABCB(2)不定指时，不可数名词前不能用冠词。I'dliketodrinksomewatermelonjuiceinsteadofbeer.(3)人名、地名、国家名等专有名词前一般不用冠词。TokyoisthecapitalofJapan.JohnhadworkedinHongKongbeforehecametoChongqing.(4)名词前有指示代词、物主代词、名词所有格等限定词时，不再用冠词。Lookatthatman.Heismyfather'sfriend.Heismyfirstfriend.Andheisalsomybestfriend.(5)季节、月份、星期，以及节假日的名词前面一般不用冠词。September10thisTeachers'Day.It'sFridaytoday.Ilikespringbetterthantheotherseasons.(6)棋类、球类以及一日三餐前一般不用冠词。playchess,playfootball,havelunch(7)语言、学科以及称呼语的前面不用加冠词。WehaveChinese,English,mathandsomeothersubjects.(8)表职位的名词前一般不用冠词。Ishallmakehimkingallovertheworld.(9)某些固定短语前不用冠词。atnoon/night,infact,in(on)time,bybus/bike/car/train/plane/taxi,onfoot

()1.Doyouknow______girlingreen？Sheisourmonitor.(2013·河北)A．aB．anC．theD．不填解析：考查定冠词的用法。此处表示特指，故用定冠词the，故答案应选C。()2.—Who'sthatyoungmanontheposter?—JustinBieber______excellentsinger.(2013·绍兴)A．aB．anC．theD．/解析：考查不定冠词用法。excellentsinger是对JustinBieber身份的补充说明，表示泛指时，前面用不定冠词a或an表示，排除C和D；又因为excellent首发音是元音，故前用an，选B。()3.—Look，Who's______boyoverthere?—Oh，heismycousinBob.Heis______honestboy.(2013·邵阳)A；theB．the；anC．the；a解析：考查冠词的用法。第一个空表特指，指那边的男孩，故用定冠词the。第二个空后的honest的h不发音，音标为nist以元音音素开头，故用不定冠词an。所以选择B。()1.______rainsarefasterthan______buses.A．/；/B．The；/C．/；theD．The；a()2.Shesaw______EnglishfilmlastSunday.Butshecannotremember______nameof______film.A．an；a；aB．a；the；aC．an；the；aD．an；the；theAD()4.—John,mayIuseyourcar?Iwanttogotothelibrary.—Sure.Hereis______key.(2013·湖州)A．aB．anC．theD．/解析：考查冠词的用法根据句意可知是特指你的汽车的钥匙，而不是任一辆汽车的钥匙，特指用定冠词the，故选C。()5.—HaveyouwatchedthemovieIron

Man?—Ofcourse，it's______fantasticmovie！(2013·衢州)A．aB．anC．theD．不填解析：本题考查冠词的用法，a用于以辅音因素开头的单词前面，an用于元音音素开头的单词前面，the表示特指某种事物，fantastic意为“奇异的，极好的”，以辅音因素开头，故选A。()6.Itsjustashortdistancefromhereto______restaurant.(2013·济宁)A．aB．anC．theD．不填解析：考查冠词的用法。指代说话者双方都知道的事物常用冠词the，句意“从这儿到那个饭店距离不长”，故选C。I．单项选择。()1.—Howwasyourweekend?—Great！Itwasmygrandmother's______birthday.Weenjoyed______.(2013·达州)A．ninth，themselvesB．ninetieth，ourselvesC．theninetieth，ourselvesD．nineteenth，themselves()2.—“FoodSafety”hasbecomeoneofthehottesttopicsrecently.—Yeah，itreceives______Internethits(点击)aday.(2013·宜宾)A．thousandsB．thousandofC．thousandsofD．tenthousands()3.Weplanted______treeslastyear.(2013·雅安)A.hundredsofB．hundredofC．fivehundredsD．fivehundredof()4.Itistheboy's______birthdaytoday.Heisfiveyearsoldnow.(2013·成都)A．fifteenB．fifthC．five()5.Mysisterlikesplaying______piano，butshedoesn'tlikeplaying______football.(2013·达州)A．the，theB．/，theC．the，/D．a，an()6.—Howis______filmyousawlastnight?—Youmean______one，Lost

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Thailand(泰囧)？That'swonderful！(2013·内江)A．a；theB．the；theC．the；/D．/；theBCABCB()7.—Let'splay______soccer.—Idon'thave______soccerball.(2013·宜宾)A．不填；aB．the；aC．a；theD．不填；the()8.—Howdoyoulike______colorofmydress?—Wonderful！Ilikeitverymuch.(2013·重庆)A．aB．anC．theD．/()9.Thereis______egginthebowl.(2013·雅安)A．aB．/C．anD．The()10.—Let'splaysoccer.—Goodidea！Doyouhave______soccerball？(2013·成都)A．aB．anC．不填()11.Marywasbornin1998andshebegantoplay______guitarattheageofseven.(2013·长沙)A．aB．不填C．the()12.Perhapsthefamousfootballstarwon'tplay______footballanylonger.(2013·上海)A．aB．anC．theD．/()13.—Ienjoyedtheperformanceverymuch.—Yes，itwasreallygood.Ithink______boyinwhitewasthebestactor.(2013·广州)A．aB．anC．theD．/ACCACDC()14.Ithinkit'sreally______hardworkformetofinishthejobintwentyminutes.(2013·杭州)A．aB．anC．theD．不填()15.______ofthestudentsinourclassaregirls.A．ThreefifthsB．ThreefifthC．ThirdfiveD．Thirdfifths()16.______treeswereplantedonthemountainlastyear.A．ThousandofB．ThousandsofC．FivethousandofD．Fivethousands()17.What______fineweatherwehavethesedays!A．aB．theC．/D．an()18.Ithinkyouhavedropped______“r”whenwriting“merry”．A．anB．aC．theD．/()19.Althoughheis______oldman,hecangoto______universityfortheold.A．an;aB．a;anC．a;aD．an;an()20.Theyhavethreechildren.______isagirl.A．ThethreeB．ThethirdC．ThirdD．AthirdDABCAABⅡ.在下列句子的空格处填上适当的冠词，不需要的地方打“/”。1．Thereis_____“u”and_____“s”intheword“us”．2．_____doctortoldhimtotake_____medicinethreetimes_____dayandstayinbedtohave_____goodrest,thenhewouldbebettersoon.3．Hereis_____oldpairofshoes.And_____shoesareJim's.4．_____Whitesis_____happyfamily.5．Sheusedtoplay_____violinfor_____old.6．Do_____twinbrotherslike_____Chinesefood?7．Heis_____honestboy,andheisnowstudyingin_____universityinChongqing.8．Theyarein_____sameschoolbutin___differentclasses.9．Mybrotherisarrivinghereinhalf_____hour.10．_____boxonthetableis_____usefulone.aanThetheaaantheTheathethethe/anathe/anTheaI．单项选择。(每小题1分，共10分)()1.Passme______dictionarynexttotheradio,andIalsoneed______pentotakesomenotes.A．a;aB．the;theC．a;theD．the;a()2.Theyhad______wonderfultrainridetoChengdubeforetheywentonto______MountEmeibybus.A．a;theB．/;theC．a;/D．the;a()3.______earthweliveonisbiggerthan______moon.A．The;aB．The;theC．An;aD．An;the()4.Theboysandgirlsoftenplay______footballin______afternoon.A．/;anB．the;anC．/;theD．a;the()5.—Didyouseethefootballmatchlastnight?—Yes,Ihaveneverseen______excitingmatchbefore.A．suchaB．soaC．suchanD．soanDCBCC()6.Kateis______baby.A．antwomonth­oldB．atwomonth­oldC．antwomon