欧洲文化入门No2

ArtArchitectureandMusicofRomanticismPaintings●Choosemajorhistoricalevents;●Emphasizerationalratherthanemotionalexpressions;●Emphasisonintegrityofthepicture;●Payattentiontothecharacterimage,doesn’tpayattentiontocolorCharacteristic:Goya（1746-1828）

戈雅

GoyawasarevolutionarySpanishcourtpainterandetcher.HewasamongthefirstonesinEuropeanarthistorytocommentinhisartontheeventsoftheday.Goyawasremarkableinusingbrilliantcoloralongwithlightandshadetoachievedramaticeffects.HehadgreatinfluenceontheimpressionistmovementinFrance,notablyMonetandRenoir.MajorWorksTheSecondofMaytheExecutionoftheThirdofMayTheParasolFamilyofCharlesIVSaturnDevouringhisChildrenTheSecondofMaytheExecutionoftheThirdofMayTheParasolFamilyofCharlesIV萨坦吞吃自己的孩子

SaturnDevouringhisChildren

雅克·路易·大卫David

David（1748-1825）wasaFrenchpainterwholedtheneo-classicalmovementinpaintinginthelate18thandearly19thcentury.Inhisearlyyears,hewastrainedbyRococo(洛可可式风格

)painter.ButhesoonrebelledagainstitandwantedtoworkinapureGreekstyle.DavidburnedwithapassionforthepoliticalideasoftheFrenchRevolutionary.Hewas,infact,electedtotheRevolutionaryConvention,votedfortheking’sdeath.SoafterNapoleonwasultimatelyunseated,DavidhadtoleaveParisandlivedinexile.MajorWorksTheDeathofSocratesDeathofMaratTheOathofHorattiNapoleonCrossingtheSaintBernardPass(1800)CoronationofNapoleonandJosephine（1805—1808）TheDeathofSocrates苏格拉底之死

DeathofMarat马拉之死TheOathofHoratti荷拉斯三兄弟的誓言NapoleonCrossingtheSaintBernardPass(1800)拿破仑穿越圣伯纳德山口CoronationofNapoleonandJosephine（1805—1808）拿破仑一世及皇后加冕典礼FranceEngland

Delacroix德拉克罗瓦

(1798—1863)FrenchRomantic

artistForemostpainterAbstractartisticimagesTraveltoNorthAfricaColorpassionpersonalityLionofromanticismMajorworks

MassacreatChios《希奥岛的屠杀》

DeathofSardanapalus

《萨尔丹那帕勒斯之死》LibertyLeadingthePeopleTheWomenofAlgiersMassacreatChiosDeathofSardanapalusLibertyLeadingthePeopleGericault籍里柯

(1792－1824)Artistpainterlithographer（石版画家）SportingartHorseDeathMajorworks

EpsomDerby《叶森打吡大赛》MountedOfficeroftheImperialGuard

RaftofMadusa

Turner特纳

(1775–1851)EnglishRomanticlandscapepainter,watercolouristandprintmaker.ThepainteroflightTurnerPrizeMajorworks

TheFightingTemeraire

《被拖去解体的战舰无畏号》TheSlaveShipJohnConstable约翰·康斯太勃尔

(1776–1837)EnglishlandscapepainterIshouldpaintmyownplacesbest.NaturalandpureMajorworks

TheHayWain《干草车》HadleighCastle《哈德利古城堡》TheHayWainCharacteristicsThemescomefromrealityWorshipnatureEmphasizetheexpressionofpersonalityandemotionandpreferexuberantcolourInfluenceFrenchimpressionism(印象派主义)Architecture

---amovementofrevivalThe

Doctrine

of

“Backtothe

Ancients”(ClassicalRevival)（1760-1880）(Romanticism)（1760-1880）(Eclecticism)（1820—1920）ClassicalRevival(1760-1880)RomanrevivalFranceUSAUKGreekrevivalUKGermanyFranceFranceisthecenteroftheclassical(Roman)revival.TherearealotofmomentatAgeofNapoleon.TheFrancearchitecturalfusionofEastandtheRococo,theartisticachievementwhichconstituteitownmagnificentandgrandstyle--EmpireStylePlaceCharlesdeGaulle（1808-1836年）USAWhen

Americanwontheir

independence,

classical(Roman)revivalarchitecturesweptacrosstheworld.UnitedStatesCapitol（1793—1867）TheWhiteHouseUSAPantheonRomanrevivalBankofEngland（1788~1835年）UKGreekrevivalGreekrevivalarchitecturesplayansignificantroleintheUnitedKingdomOldRoyalHighSchool（1825-1829年）BritishMuseum（1823-1847）UKGreekrevivalConcertHallBerlin（1818-1821）BrandenburgGateGermanyRomanticism（1760-1880）Romanticismisanothertrendofthoughtinliterature,artandarchitecture.TheromanticoriginatedinBritaininthesecondhalfofthe18thcentury.先浪漫主义时期(1760-1830)GothicRevival(1830-1870)Before-Romanticism(1760-1830)They

pursuredextraordinarytasteandexoticemotionalappeal.Therearesome

placewhichincludessignificant

architecturalfeatures

ofthe

East.

RoyalPavilio（1818-1821)GothicRevival(1830-1870)It

has

grown

into

a

trend

of

architectual

creation.because

of

the

pursuit

of

gothic

style

in

the

middle

ages,

it

was

also

called

GothicRevival

PalaceofWestminster（1836-1868）NewSwanStoneCastleEclecticism（1820—1920）Eclecticismishalfofthe19thcenturytheriseofanotherkindofideologicaltrend,whichsweepacrossthe

EuropeandtheUnitedStatesintheearly20thcentury.Paris

Opera（1861—1874）ItsfacadeisItalyinthelatebaroquestyle,anddopingthetediousrococovultureacttheroleofing.ItIsoneoftheimportantmonumentssecondempire.TheRomanticMovementinmusicdominatedtheperiodabout1830toabout1900merelypartofageneralmovementexercisemoredirectlyandpowerfullyfreedomofform、stressedstrongfeeling,imagination,theloveofnature、theuseofnationalfolk-rhythms、theturnsofmelody.AllartsTheEarlyRomanticsTheLaterRomanticsLudwigvanBeethovenaGermancomposerhismusicideasofamoralnaturethegrowthofthesonataandsymphonyrapiddevelopmentanddeepenedfeelingHistreatmentofthepianothegreatromanticheroesConcert:PianoConcertoNo.4PianoConcertoNo.5(Emperror)ViolinConcertoinDmajorSonatas:PianoSonataNo.8(Pathetique)PianoSonataNo.14(Moonlight)PianoSonataNo.17（Tempest）PianoSonataNo.21(Waldstein)PianoSonataNo.23(Appassionata)PianoSonataNo.29(Hammerklavier)ViolinSonataNo.5(Spring)ViolinSonataNo.9(Kreutzer）Works

Mass:MissaSolemnisOpera:FidelioSymphonies:SymphonyNo.3(Eroica)SymphonyNo.5(Fate)SymphonyNo.6(Pastoral)SymphonyNo.9(Choral）

FranzSchubertanAustriancomposer(31yearsold)exquisitelybeautifulsongsthefirstgreatfigureinthehistoryofGermanlied,acombinationofpoetryandmusic.oneofthemostgiftedcharactersPianomusic:ImpromptusMomentsmusicauxQuartets:QuartetinAminorQuartetinAminor(deathandthemaiden)Quintet:QuintetinAminor(thetrout)WorksFryderykFranciszekChopin1810─1849Polishcomposerandpianist,isamasterofRomanticMusicandcalled“thepoetofpiano”ThemusicaltalentofFryderykbecameapparentextremelyearlyon,anditwascomparedwiththechildhoodgeniusofMozart.patriotChopinwasalsowellknownasapatriot.1.ChopincomposedmusictoaccompanyPolishtextsbutnevertoasingleFrenchorGermantext。2.ChopindemonstratedhisPolishspirit–inthehundredsoflettersthathewroteinPolish.3.inhisnegativeviewofallthatboretheofficialstampofthepowersthatoccupiedPoland.《c小调练习曲》《黑键练习曲》《玛祖卡和波罗乃兹舞曲》1810-1856RobertSchumannRobertSchumann(1810-1856)舒曼wasaGermancomposerandinfluentialmusiccriticHeisregardedasoneofthegreatestandmostrepresentativecomposersoftheRomanticera.AboutRobertSchumannHehasasensitiveandfancifulnatureand,likeChopin,hewoulddreamstrangeharmoniesandawakeninthedark,tryingtoreproducethisdreammusiconthepiano.Hepublishedcompositionswerewrittenexclusivelyforpianountil1840;helatercomposedworksforpianoandorchestra;manyLieder(songsforvoiceandpiano);foursymphonies;anopera;andotherorchestral,choral,andchamberworks.AboutRobertSchumannWorksConcertosCelloConcertoinAminor,Op.129PianoConcertoinAminor,Op.54PianoMusicCarnival,Op.9ScenesfromChildhood,Op.15FantasyinCmajor,Op.17ItwasgenerallydescribedasoneofSchumann’sgreatestworksforsolopiano,andisoneofthecentralworksoftheearlyRomanticperiodTheFantasieisinloosesonata（鸣奏曲）form,withthreemovementsintotal/2012/02/22/VIDA1329880201721599.shtmlFantasieinC

FelixMendelssohn1809-1847Germancomposer,pianist,painterandconductoroftheearlyRomanticperiod.Hebegantakingpianolessonsfromhismotherwhenhewassix,andatsevenwastutoredbyMarieBigotinParis.Works1inGminor,Op.25,1831;2inDminor,Op.40,1837;and3inEminor,Op.posth.,afragmentfrom1844);twoconcertosfortwopianosandorchestra,Emajor,MWVO5whichhemadeat15yearsoldandA-flatmajor,MWVO6at17;andanotherdoubleconcerto,forviolinandpiano(1823).门德尔松是莫扎特之后最完美的曲式大师，古典主义的传统与浪漫主义的志趣在他作品中完美的结合在一起，赋予作品以一种诗意的典雅。他善于将美妙的旋律纳入正规的古典曲式，他不仅是一位热情歌颂自然的诗人，还是一位善于用虚无缥缈画笔的风景画家，他的音乐被称为“描绘性浪漫主义”。阿玛菲1836卢塞恩1847JohannesBrahmsthelastclassicalcomposerthathasagreatimpactontheh