高中英语北师大版Unit16Stories unit16sectionⅱ

SectionⅡWarm­up&StoriesfromHistory—Languagepointsabandonvt.抛弃，遗弃；逃离；放弃，中止(教材P132)Itlookedabandoned.它看起来被遗弃了。abandonedadj. 废弃的，被遗弃的；放任的abandononeselfto(doing)sth. 纵情/沉溺于(做)某事abandondoingsth. 放弃做某事withabandon 放任地，放纵地；纵情地①Rescuershadabandonedallthehopeoffindinganymoresurvivors.救援人员已放弃了能找到更多幸存者的所有希望。②I'mconsideringabandoningsmoking(smoke)soon.我在考虑很快戒烟。【导学号：96750000】③Atthesadnews，heabandonedhimself(he)todespair.听到这悲惨的消息，他陷入了绝望之中。comeintoview出现(教材P132)Suddenly，thespaceshipsloweddownandimmediatelythesystemcameintoview...突然，太空船放慢速度，星系马上出现在眼前……(1)inone'sview 在某人看来onview 在展览；在陈列着inviewof 鉴于；考虑到；由于(2)comeintofashion 开始流行comeintobeing/existence 开始存在；产生comeintopower 当权comeintoeffect/force 开始生效comeintouse 开始启用①Inviewofthenewsituation，wesuggestdialogueshouldbetheonlywaytosolvetheNorthKoreanuclearissue.鉴于新形势，我们建议对话是解决朝鲜核问题的唯一途径。②Longskirtshavecomeintofashionagain.长裙又流行起来了。③Whendidthetermofnew­newpeoplecomeintobeing(be)?“新新人类”一词是什么时候出现的？④TsaiIng­wencameintopower，becomingthefirstwomantowintheposition.蔡英文执政，成为第一个获此位置的女性。knock撞倒某人；撞翻(教材P132)Irememberthedogjumpinguponmeandknockingmeoverintothewater.我记得那条狗跳起来扑向我，把我撞倒在水中。knockat/on 敲knockdown 撞倒在地；拆毁，摧毁knockintosb. 撞到某人身上knockout 把……击昏；击败①Heknockedhisopponentdownthreetimesinthefirstround.在第一个回合中他把对方击倒三次。②Tom'scarknockedintoawirepolelastweek.上周汤姆的车撞到了电线杆上。[图形助记]knockat/on敲knockinto撞上knockover撞倒witnessvt.目击(睹)；证明n.目击者，见证人(教材P6)．..aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.……一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描写了他年轻时目睹的一次可怕的火山爆发的情景。(1)witnesssth. 目击(睹)某事witnessto(doing)sth. 为(做)某事作证；为(做)某事出庭作证(2)be(a)witnesstosth. 某事的目击者givewitnessonbehalfofsb. 为某人作证①ThesuccessfullaunchofShenzhouXisapowerfulwitnesstoourcountry'sincreasingprosperity.“神舟”十号的成功发射是我们伟大祖国日益强盛的有力见证。②Areyoupreparedtowitnesstothehonestyofyourinformant?你准备为你消息提供者的诚实作证吗？③Ataxidriverwitnessedtohavingseen(see)theaccusedpersonenterthebuilding.一位出租车司机作证说曾看到被告进了那座大楼。occurvi.发生，出现；被想到(起)(教材P6)TheeruptionhadoccurredonAugust24th，79AD.公元79年8月24日，(位于意大利的维苏威)火山喷发了。tosb. 某人突然想到某事itoccurs/occurredtodosth. 某人突然想到要做某事itoccurs/occurredto... ……的念头/想法出现在某人的头脑里①(2023·广东高考·语法填空)Nowitoccurredtohimthathisfarmhadmuchpotential.现在他突然想起他的农场很有潜力。②Didn'titoccurtoyoutophone(phone)themaboutit?关于这件事你难道就没想到给他们打个电话？[明辨异同]occur，happen，takeplace，breakoutoccur指事情按计划发生或偶然的、未能预见的发生，强调突然性。happen使用最广，有“偶然发生”之意，常与occur换用，还有“碰巧”的意思；可与不定式连用，意为“碰巧发生”。takeplace多指事情的发生不是偶然出现的，而是按意图、计划进行的。可引申为“举行，进行”的意思。breakout多指战争、火灾等不愉快的事情爆发。(occur，happen，takeplace，breakout)③ThepolicequestionedBobwhenexactlythemurderoccurred/happened．④Allsortsofunexpectedthingsmighthappen/occur．⑤Theweddingwilltakeplacein'sChurch.⑥HewasabletofleeEuropebeforethewarbrokeout．⑦Weshouldallrememberthatsomegreatscientificdiscoveriesoccurred/happenedbychance.inaway从某种程度上说(教材P6)Inaway，Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”preservingafrozenmomentinhistory.在某种程度上，庞培古城就像一个“时间舱”，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。insomeways 在某些方面alltheway 自始至终，一直bytheway 顺便说，顺便问一下bywayof 经由；通过……方法intheway 妨碍，挡道inthisway 用这种方法innoway 一点也不，决不(置于句首时，引起部分倒装)①TheyaretravellingtoFrancebywayofLondon.他们经伦敦去法国旅行。②Canyoumovethatbox？It'sinthewayofthedoor.你能挪开那只箱子吗？它挡着门了。③Innowaycanyouloseheartwhenintrouble.身处困境时，你决不能气馁。【导学号：96750001】[语境助记]Bytheway，Idon'tlikethebookinaway，butinnowaycouldIdealwithitinthisway.顺便说一下，我在某种程度上不喜欢这本书，但我决不会用这种方式处理它。preservevt.维护；保护，保存(教材P6)Inaway，Pompeiiislikea“timecapsule”preservingafrozenmomentinhistory.在某种程度上，庞培古城就像一个“时间舱”，保存了历史上一段被封存了的瞬间。(1)preserve...from... 保护……免受……bewellpreserved 保存(养)得很好(2)preserven. 禁猎地，饲养场preservationn. 保存，保护①Nohuntingisallowedinthepreserve.在这个保护区内不许狩猎。②Wemaypreservethemajorityoftheendangeredspeciesfromextinction.我们可以保护大多数濒临灭绝的物种免于灭绝。burstvi.爆炸；冲，闯(教材P7)Thebuildingexplodedbecauseagaspipehadburst.这座大楼因煤气管爆裂而爆炸。burstn． 突发，迸发burstin＝breakin 闯入burstinto 闯入(住宅)burstforth 突然发生burstoutcrying/laughing＝burstintotears/laughter 突然哭/笑起来①Aburstofhand­clappingfollowedtheendingofthesong.歌声结束之后接着响起了一阵掌声。②Ihaveneverseenthefeelingsofbeingoppressedburstingforthlikeafire.我从来没有看见过那像火一样突然迸发出来的被压抑的情感。③Weallburstoutlaughingonhearinghisfunnystory.＝Weallburstintolaughter(laugh)onhearinghisfunnystory.听到他有趣的故事，我们都放声大笑起来。[图形助记]eq\a\vs4\al(爆裂,burst)eq\a\vs4\al(突然大笑……,burstoutlaughting)eq\a\vs4\al(冲，闯进,burstin)Ⅰ.语境填词1．Manypeopleabandonliving(live)inbigcitiesbecauseofhighexpenses.2．Shewitnessedtoseeing(see)thatmantakethemoney.3．EveryonewasquietwhenJennysuddenlyburstoutcrying(cry)．4．Hernewbookshowshertobeafirst­ratenovelist(novel)．5．Thepaintingswereinanexcellentstateofpreservation(preserve)．6．ThenovelyoureadyesterdaywaswrittenbyafamousChinesenovelist．(novelist)7．PreservationinthesoilmadeitpossibleforancientEgyptianstopreservedeadbodies.(preserve)8．Thistypeoffantasyinvolvespeoplefromourworldtravelingtoafantasticplace.(fantasy)Ⅱ.选词填空inaway，blockout，splitup，knockover，comeintoview1．Thevillagewillcomeintoviewatthenextturn.2．Thecatcouldn'tpossiblyknockoverthetrashcan.3．Theheavysnowfallblockedouttheroadsyesterday.4．Inaway，it'soneofourbiggestmistakes.5．Themonitorsplitupalargeclassintotengroups.Ⅲ.完成句子1．当我们转过拐角，一座迷人的城堡映入我们的眼帘。Asweturnedthecorner，afascinatingcastlecameintoview．2．他打翻了一瓶墨水把桌布弄脏了。Heknockedoverabottleofinkandruinedthetablecloth.【导学号：96750002】3．从某种意义上来说，你犯那个错误我倒很高兴，因为那个错误会对你起警告作用。Inaway，I'mgladyoumadethatmistake，foritwillserveaswarningtoyou.(教材P6)However，muchmorethanbuildingsandobjects，itistheformsofthepeoplewhowerecaughtinthedisasterthathavemadethecityamonumenttohumanhistory.但是，与城里的建筑及物品相比，那些在那场灾难中遇难的人的轮廓形象则更能使得这座城市成为人类历史上的一座纪念碑。【句式分析】句中itis...that为强调句，强调了theformsofthepeoplewhowerecaughtinthedisaster。(1)强调句的基本结构为：Itis/was＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他成分。它可以用来强调句中的某些成分，如主语、宾语、状语等，但该结构不能用来强调谓语。被强调的部分指人时用that，who均可，指物或情况时用that。(2)一般疑问句：It/Wasit＋被强调部分＋that/who＋其他？(3)对not...until结构中状语进行强调时，not需置于被强调的部分之中，构成“Itis/wasnotuntil...that...”结构。(4)特殊疑问句：Where/When/What...＋is/wasit＋that/who＋其他？①ItisWangYapingwhoisChina'sfirstteacherinspace.中国的第一位太空教师是王亚平。②WherewasitthatTomsawourteacherlastSunday?汤姆上周日是在哪里看见我们的老师的？③ItwasnotuntilshetookoffhersunglassesthatIrecognizedshewasafamousfilmstar.直到她摘下墨镜，我才认出她是位著名影星。[名师点津](1)判断句子是否为强调句的方法：把itis/was和that/who去掉，再把被强调部分归位到它本来的位置，句子完整就为强调句。(2)被强调代词的形式应与原句保持一致，其谓语动词的单复数与原句主语保持一致。(教材P6)Anotherman，lyingonhisside，looksasifheistryingtogetup.躺在他旁边的另一个人看上去好像是在试图站立起来。【句式分析】这是一个主从复合句，anothermanlooks...是主句，asif引导表语从句。asif/though还可以引导方式状语从句，从句可用陈述语气，也可用虚拟语气。asif/though引导的从句用虚拟语气时，从句的时态用一般过去时，表示与现在事实相反；用过去完成时，表示与过去事实相反。①Hetreatshissisterasif/thoughshewereastranger.他待他姐姐如陌生人。②HespeaksEnglishasifhehadstudied(study)itinEnglandbefore.他说英语就好像以前在英国学习过似的。完成句子1．我没什么可承认的。你到底想让我说什么呢？Ihavenothingtoisitthatyouwantmetosay?2．她看起来好像年轻了十岁。Shelooksasifsheweretenyearsyounger．3．看来我们队要胜了。Itseemsasifourteamisgoingtowin．AroundtheendofthefirstcenturyAD，aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.【分析】本句是一个主从复合句，that引导定语从句，修饰先行词eruption。句中过去分词短语calledPliny作后置定语，修饰writer。【翻译】大约公元一世纪末，一位名叫普利尼的罗马作家描述了他年轻时目睹的一次可怕的火山爆发的情景。过去完成时阅读下列句子并体会黑体部分的用法1．...aRomanwritercalledPlinywroteaboutaterriblevolcaniceruptionthathehadwitnessedasayoungman.2．By1748，theyhadfoundanawesomehistoricalsite.3．Hehadworkedinthefactoryforfiveyearsbeforewemovedhere.4．Thefilmhadbegunwhentheyarrivedatthecinema.5．Ihadhopedtomeetyouattheairport，butIwascaughtinatrafficjam.一、概念过去完成时的基本用法与现在完成时相似，所不同的是：现在完成时的动作需在现在以前完成，过去完成时的动作需在过去某一时间以前完成，也就是说动作发生在“过去的过去”。二、构成主语＋had＋动词的过去分词Youabandonedthemapbecauseyouhadlearnedhowtogethome.你丢掉地图，因为你已经学会如何回家。三、基本用法1．表示过去的过去表示在过去的某一时间或某一动作之前完成的动作或存在的状态，也就是“过去的过去”。可以用by，before等介词短语或一个时间状语从句、用一个表示过去的动作以及通过上下文来表示。Bynineo'clocklastnight，wehadgot200picturesfromthespaceship.到昨晚9点钟，我们已经收到200张从宇宙飞船发来的图片。Howlonghadtaughtinthemiddleschoolbeforehecamehere?王老师来这里之前，在中学教了多长时间的书？Iwasverysadathishadbeengoodfriendssinceourchildhood.他的去世使我很悲伤。我们自童年时代起就是好朋友。2．用于宾语从句或间接引语中Iwonderedwhohadtakentheumbrellawithoutpermission.我想知道谁不经允许就把雨伞拿走了。3．表示未曾实现的愿望或打算，主要用于表示“愿望，打算”一类的词，如hope，want，expect，think，suppose，plan，mean，intend等动词。Theyhadwantedtohelpbutcouldnotgetthereintime.他们本打算去帮忙，但没有及时赶到那里。4．过去完成时用于一些固定句型中，例如This/It/Thatwasthefirst/second...time＋that从句(从句中用过去完成时)，Hardly(scarcely/barely)had...done...when...和Nosoonerhad...done...than...结构。Hardlyhadhebeguntospeakwhentheaudienceinterruptedhim.他刚开始演讲，听众就打断了他。5．过去完成时用于虚拟语气，在wish，asif/though，if，ifonly，wouldratherdonesth.结构或从句中，常用过去完成时来表示与过去的事实相反。Ifhehadcaughttheearlybusthismorning，hewouldnothavebeenlateforclass.如果他今天早上赶上了早班车，他上课就不会迟到了。四、语法区别1．一般过去时与过去完成时的用法区别(1)一般过去时表示过去时间发生的动作或存在的状态；而过去完成时表示在过去某一时间或动作之前已完成的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。当强调过去某一动作发生在另一动作之前，常用过去完成时。Thesportsmeetingbeganat8a．Saturday.上周六运动会是在上午八点开始的。Thesportsmeetinghadbegunwhenwegottoschool.我们到学校时，运动会已经开始了。(2)一般过去时与过去完成时都可以和确定的表示过去的时间状语连用，但侧重点有所不同。Theyhaddonetheworkatfiveo'clock.在五点的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。Theydidtheworkatfiveo'clock.他们是在五点钟做那项工作的。上述第一句中只说明工作在五点钟已经完成，并未说明工作是什么时候做的；第二句就明确告诉我们，工作是五点钟做的。2．过去完成时与现在完成时的区别现在完成时表示的是延续到现在或同现在有关的动作，句中不可有表示过去特定时间的状语，而过去完成时表示的是过去某时之前已经完成或延续到过去某时的动作，句中可有表示过去特定时间的状语。Ihavefinishedmyhomework.我已经完成了作业。Ihadfinishedmyhomeworkby10：00thismorning.到今天上午10点钟我已完成了我的作业。Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Helenhadleft(leave)herkeysintheofficesoshehadtowaituntilherhusbandcamehome.2．BythetimeIlefttheschool,hehadtaught(teach)theclassfor3years.3．Hehadserved(serve)inthearmyfortenyearsbeforeheretiredlastyear.4．Ihadintended(intend)tocallonyouyesterday,butIhadanunexpectedvisitor.5．Nosoonerhadtheyleft(leave)thebuildingthanabombexploded.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Ihadlearned1，000wordssofar.________________________________________________________________________2．Theyhadarrivedatthestationattenyesterday.________________________________________________________________________3．Ihavebeenatthestopfor20minuteswhenabuscame.________________________________________________________________________4．IthoughtIhavesenttheletteraweekbefore.________________________________________________________________________5．Nosoonerhashearrivedthanhewentawayagain.________________________________________________________________________【答案】改为have2.去掉had改为had改为had改为had学业分层测评(一)Ⅰ.单句语法填空1．Theyfoundanabandoned(abandon)cottageinthewildmountains.2．Can'tyoulookwhereyou'regoing？Younearlyknockedmeover!3．Itsuddenlyoccurredtooneoftheworkerstoopen(open)upthebox.4．Ithinktheseinterestingoldcustomsshouldbepreserved(preserve)．5．Uponhearingthefunnystory，everybodyburstintolaughter(laugh)．6．Howwasitthattheydiscoveredtheentrancetotheundergroundpalace?7．HetalksaboutRomeasthoughhehadbeen(be)therebefore.8．Hecollapsedinthestreetanddiedonthewaytohospital.【导学号：96750035】9．Theloss(lose)ofthemoneyhasbeenaweightonmymind.10．Tomhadcollected(collect)morethan300Chinesestampsbythetimehewasseven.Ⅱ.单句改错1．Thegovernmentforcedustoabandondotheresearchonthismatter.________________________________________________________________________2．Hisgoodhealthisawitnessofthesuccessofthetreatment.________________________________________________________________________3．ItoccurredmethatIhadleftmykeysbehind.________________________________________________________________________4．Theoldtombsneedtobepreservedaboutfurtherharm.________________________________________________________________________5．Mywifeburstouttearswhensheheardthebadnews.________________________________________________________________________6．InnowayIblameyouforwhathappened.________________________________________________________________________7．Itwasintheroomwhereweusedtohavemeetings.________________________________________________________________________8．TheytreatmeasthoughIamastranger.________________________________________________________________________9．Wehavehopedthatyouwouldcome,butyoudidn't.________________________________________________________________________10．HardlyIreachedhomewhenastormbrokeout.________________________________________________________________________【答案】改为doing2.第一个of改为to后加to改为from改为into前加do改为that改为were改为had后加hadⅢ.阅读理解Greenwich，inthesouthoftheThames，thelongestriverinEngland，hasalongtimedifferentbuildingshavebeenconstructedonthesamePalaceofPlacentia，anEnglishRoyalPalacebuiltin1447，nolongerexistsapartfromafewremainsunderthepresentbuildings.TheimpressivebuildingsonthesouthbankoftheThamesatGreenwichweredesignedbytheEnglisharchitectSirChristopherbuildingswerefinallycompletedin1745,althoughsomepartsstartedtobeusedasearlyasin'renowpartofauniversity－havingservedasanaval(海军的)hospitalandanavalcollegeandthesettingforseveralmovies.Butthebuildingsstandonasitewhichhasamuchlongernearlytwohundredyears，fromaround1450to1650,GreenwichwasoneofthemainroyalpalacesofofthemostfamousEnglishrulers,suchasHenryⅧandElizabethⅠ，notonlylivedthere,butwerealsobornthere.HenryⅧputanarmory(军械库)there，andtherewerealsogardensandamassofPalaceofPlacentiawasalsoinastrategiclocation,becauseatthetimeeithersideofGreenwichontheThameswasimportantplaceswhereshipswerebuiltandrepaired.Eventually，however,thepalacefellintobad1664,theKingatthetime，CharlesⅡ，decidedtoreplaceitwithcompletelynewbuildingsinamodernacellar(地窖)fromtheformerroyalpalacenowremains,underoneofthenewredbrick,typicalofthesixteenthcentury，contrastssharplywiththewhitestoneaboveit.WouldyouliketojoinustohaveagoodviewofGreenwich?【语篇解读】本文主要介绍了英国的格林威治市。1．ThebuildingsonthesouthbankoftheThamesatGreenwich________．A．arenowstillusedaspartofauniversityB．aresimilartothoseinthe16thcenturyC．weredesignedinthestyleofElizabethⅠD．arethemostimpressivebuildingsinEngland【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They'renowpartofauniversity”可知，答案为A。【答案】A2．ThePalaceofPlacentia________．A．everservedasanavalhospitalB．wasconstructedofwhitestonesC．wasdesignedbyChristopherWrenD．wasofparticularimportanceintimeofwar【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段中的“ThePalaceofPlacentiawasalsoinastrategiclocation...whereshipswerebuiltandrepaired.”可知，答案为D。【答案】D3．WhydidCharlesⅡreplacethepalace?A．Becauseitwasinneedofrepair.B．Becausehedidn'tlikeitscolor.C．Becauseitwaslocatedunderground.D．Becauseitwasinanoldstyle.【解析】细节理解题。根据第五段中的“Eventually，however，thepalacefellintobadcondition.”可知，答案为A。【答案】A4．Thispassagecanmostprobablybefoundin________．A．asciencereport B．apersonaldiaryC．ahistorytextbook D．atravelmagazine【解析】推理判断题。本文介绍了格林威治这个城市，而且根据最后一段可知，本文最有可能出自一本旅游杂志，故答案为D。【答案】DⅣ.完形填空(2023·临沂一中高二月考)ItwasMother'sDay，butourmotherwasfarawayfromdecidedtodrivetothe__1__withmywifeandourchildrento__2__flowers.Afterwearrived,wewenthiking,playedgames,andcollectedallkindsofflowersandsohappywewere!Finally,though,wehadto__3__ourcarandgotreadytogobackthekidschattedandIdrove,mywifesatbehindme，surroundedbyherflowers,a(n)__4__lookinhereyes.Suddenlymywife__5__tome，“Stoptherighthere！”__6__Icouldaskherwhathadhappened,shewasoutand__7__upanearbygrassyhillwiththelilacs(丁香花)stillinherthe__8__ofthehillwasanursinghomeand,becauseitwassuchabeautifulspringday,the__9__wereoutdoorstalkingwithrelatives.Mywifewentupthehill,whereanelderlypatientwassittinginher__10__，alonewithherbacktomostofthewife__11__theflowerstoherandsaidpatient__12__herheadandtalkedforafew__13__beforemywiferanthecar__14__away,Ifoundinthemirrorthewoman__15__withthelilacs.“Mom，”thekidsasked，“Whowasthat?Whydidyougiveherour__16__？Isshesomebody'smother？”Mywifesaid，“Ididn'tknowtheolditisMother'ssheseemedso__17__．Whowouldn'tbecheeredbyflowers？__18__，”sheadded，“Ihaveallofyou,andIstillhavemy__19__，evenifsheisfarwomanneededthoseflowersmorethanIdid.”N