中考复习专题被动语态含练习

PAGEPAGE6中考复习专题被动语态含练习定义与用法英语的语态分主动语态和被动语态，主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态则表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态由“助动词be+过去分词”构成。如：Everybodyrespectshim.大家都尊敬他。(主动语态)Heisrespectedbyeverybody.他受到大家的尊敬。(被动语态)二、8种基本时态的被动语态一般现在时的被动语态：am(is,are)+过去分词一般过去时的被动语态：was(were)+过去分词一般将来时的被动语态：willbe+过去分词过去将来时的被动语态：wouldbe+过去分词现在进行时的被动语态：am(is,are)being+过去分词过去进行时的被动语态：was(were)being+过去分词现在完成时的被动语态：has(have)been+过去分词过去完成时的被动语态：hadbeen+过去分词三、含情态动词的被动语态其结构为“情态动词+be+过去分词”。如：Thiscan’tbedoneinashorttime.这不是短期内可以完成的。Thisneedn’tbementionedintheletter.这在信中不必提及。情态动词后的不定式可以用完成式。如：Canthishavebeendonebyachild?这能是一个孩子做的事吗?ThedoormusthavebeenlockedbyJim.门一定是吉姆锁的。四、主动表被动的若干情形连系动词(如look,sound,smell,feel,taste,prove等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。如：Thebuildinglooksverybeautiful.这座建筑看上去很美。Yourideaprovedtobewrong.你的想法证实是错的。当open,close,shut,lock,move,read,wash,clean,cook,cut,wear,carry等用作不及物动词且表示主语的某种属性时，通常用主动形式表示被动意义：Thedoorwon’tshut.这门关不上。Thebooksellsquickly.这书销售得快。有的动词本身含有被动意味，通常用主动形式来表示被动含义。如：Hercoatcaughtonthenail.她的大衣被钉子钩住了。Hereyesfilledwithtears.她眼睛里充满了眼泪。不定式toblame,tolet用作表语时，通常要用主动表被动。如：Whoistoblame?该怪谁呢？Thehouseistolet.此屋出租。某些“be+形容词+todo”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Thebookisdifficulttounderstand.这书很难懂。Themusicisn’tpleasanttolistento.这音乐不好听。Thepictureisinterestingtolookat.这幅画看起来挺有趣的。注：这类结构的特点是句子主语就是其后不定式的逻辑宾语，按理说其中的不定式要用被动形式，但习惯上却要用主动表被动。这类形容词常见的有convenient,dangerous,difficult,easy,hard,impossible,interesting,nice,pleasant,safe,tough,tricky,unpleasant等。不定式用于某些动词(如have,havegot,get,want,need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，通常用主动形式表示被动意义。如：Doyouhavetimetohelpus?你有时间帮助我们吗?Ihavesomeclothestowash.我有一些衣服要洗。Iwantsomethingtodrink.我想喝点什么。注：若不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动式，比较：Ihavesomethingtotype.我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字)Ihavesomethingtobetyped.我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字)在too…todosth和…enoughtodosth这两个结构中，若句子主语与其后不定式为todosth被动关系，则该不定式通常用主动形式表示被动意义(有时也可直接用被动式)。如：Thewritingistoofainttoread.这笔迹太模糊，看不清。Theseboxesarenotstrongenoughtouse[tobeused]asaplatform.这些箱子不够牢，不能用作站台。beworth后的动名词要用主动表被动。如：Thismovieisworthseeing.这部影片值得一看。She’snotworthgettingangrywith.犯不上跟她生气。注：与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义：Thisbookisworthytoberead[ofbeingread].这本书值得一读。在need,want,require等少数表示“需要”的动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。如：Thehouseneedscleaning.房子需要打扫了。Thesechildrenrequirelookingafter.这些孩子需要照看。Thiswallrequiresrepairing.这面墙需要修理了。注：该结构中的动名词改用不定式则要用被动式表被动。如：Thehouseneedstobecleaned.房子需要打扫了。Thesechildrenrequiretobelookedafter.这些孩子需要照看。课后练习一()1ThePeople'sRepublicofChina__onOctober1,1949.A.foundB.wasfoundedC.isfoundedD.wasfound()2English____inCanada.A.speaksB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isspoken()3ThisEnglishsong___bythegirlsafterclass.A.oftensingsB.oftensangC.isoftensangD.isoftensung()4Thiskindofcar___inJapan.A,makesB.madeC.ismakingD.ismade()5Newcomputers___allovertheworld.A.isusedB.areusingC.areusedD.haveused二()1Ourroommust___clean.A.keepB.bekeptC.tobekeptD.tokeep()2-I'dliketobuythatcoat.-I'msorry.___.A.itsoldB.it'ssellingC.It'sbeensoldD.ithadbeensold()3Anewhouse___atthecorneroftheroad.A.isbuildingB.isbeingbuiltC.beenbuiltD.bebuilding()4Thekey___onthetablewhenIleave.A.wasleftB.willbeleftC.isleftD.hasbeenleft()5Doctors___ineverypartoftheworld.A.needB.areneedingC.areneededD.willneed()6Hisnewbook___nextmonth.A.willbepublishedB.ispublishingC.isbeingpublishedD.hasbeenpublished三()1Japanese___ineverycountry.A.isnotspokenB.arespokenC.isspeakingD.isnotspeaking()2Thesepapers___yet.A.havenotwrittenB.havenotbeenwrittenC.hasnotwrittenD.hasnotbeenwritten()3Thesportsmeet___behelduntilnextweek.A.didn'tB.won'tC.isn'tD.doesn't四()1-Myshoesarewornout.A.Can'ttheybemended?B.Letmehavealookatit.C.Howmuchdotheycost?D.Can'ttheymended?()2___thewatchbeenrepairedyet?Ibadlyneedit.A.DoesB.HasC.IsD.Are()3___thesedesksbeneeded?A.WillB.AreC.HasD.Do五()1Why___totalkaboutityesterday?A.didn'tameetingholdB.wasn'tameetingheldC.wasn'theldameetingD.ameetingwasn'theld()2Whowasthebook___?A.writeB.wroteC.writtenD.writtenby()3Where___theseboxesmade?A.wasB.wereC.isD.am六()1Theflowers___often.A.mustbewaterB.mustbewateredC.mustwateredD.mustwater()2Thebooksmay___fortwoweeks.A.bekeptB.beborrowedC.keepD.borrow()3Thebrokenbike____herebyMrSmith.A.canmendB.canmendedC.canbemendD.canbemended七()1Theoldbridgeinmyhometown___nextmonth.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willrebuiltC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.aregoingtorebuilt()2Theplay___atthetheatrenextSunday.A.isgoingtobeshownB.willshownC.willshowD.isshown()3Theoldstonebridge___nextweek.A.isgoingtoberebuiltB.willberebuildC.aregoingtoberebuiltD.willrebuild八()1Nowthesemagazines__inthelibraryforalongtime.A.havekeptB.arekeepingC.havebeenkeepingD.havebeenkept()2Thepot___for___hotwater.A.used;keepingB.wasused;keepingC.isused;tokeepD.areused;keep()3Tea___inthesouthofChina.A.growsB.isgrownC.weregrownD.willgrow()4Thebridges___twoyearsago.A.isbuiltB.builtC.werebuiltD.wasbuilt()5Wetclothesareoften___upnearafireinrainyweather.A.hangB.hangedC.hangingD.hung九()1Theriversmellsterrible.Peoplemust___dirtythingsintoit.A.bestoppedtothrowB.bestoppedfromthrowingC.stoptoth