2021届高三高考语法复习介词讲解及提升练习

高考语复习：介词解及提练习1．表示时间的介词介词

用法atoninsince时间点for＋时间段duringuntil/tillbyin/after＋时间段beforeover

表示时间的点，时刻等at：o'clock在6点atdaybreak在黎明表示具体的日子或一个特定的时间或具体的某一天的上午、下午或晚上常有前置定语或后置定语修。onMondayafternoon在周一下午；arainydaymorning一个雨天的上午表示在某段较长的时间内thecentury在20世winter在冬季；September在月inthemorning在上午自从…以来长达……在…期间直到……到为；不迟…在之“in＋时间段常将来时连用＋间”常与过去时连用在…之前在期；直到结Janeinahurrybecausethetotheairportleavesinhalfanhour.Jane很急，因去机场的火车半小时后出发。InBritain，unusualtohaveabusinessmeetingbreakfast.

在英国，早餐时间开商务会议并不稀奇。[易错提醒this，，last，next，every，each，(2)“on/upon”“………2．表示方位的介词介词atinonacrossthroughoverabove

用法后常接相对较小的地方后常接相对较大的地方或在某一个大的范围之内表示在上。反义词beneath)表示从的面穿过；在…对面”表示从的部穿过表示从的面跨过反义词under)指离开物体表面而在其上方，但并不一定是垂直向上。还可指数目、数量、水平、年龄超过，多于，大”反词Thesomebushessawthescream.狗跳过几丛灌木看到小溪。Thesunlightcameinthroughthewindowsintheroofandthewholeroom.阳光透过天窗，照亮了整个房间。3．表示方式的介词表示使用的工具、手段、材料时with，on都为用。with多指用具体的具、身体的某部位或器官by侧重指使用某种方法、手段或乘坐某种交通工具in指使用某种语言、笔墨等；多于定词组中。bytrain乘车ontheradio通过收音onTV通电视；withapencil用笔4．表示除之外的介词短语

介词

用

法besidesexceptbutapartother

意为“除之还有，当于inaddition意为“除之别无，接名词、代词、介词短语从句意为“除之”(＝既可相当于besides或inaddition，可相当于exceptfor意为“除之别无”Apartfrom，restaurantdifferentkindsoftraditionalFujian除了优质的服务外，这个饭店还提供各种各样的传统福建菜。[易错提醒(1)butnobodynonenonothinganythingeveryoneall，doto(2)besides，“，，5．表示原因的介词短)for，，，thanks，owing，onaccount，aresultofTheopenaircelebrationputoffbecauseofbadweather.因为天气不好，这次户外庆祝会被推迟了。Owingtobadweather，flightwasdelayedforcouplehours.由于天气恶劣，航班延误了好几个小时。[易错提醒，thanksto，”，6．其他常考的介词介词againstbeyond

用法违背，反对；倚靠；…为背，衬托(范围、限度超，……所不能及

bydespiteforwithwithinwithoutoff

程度或增减的幅度；…计尽管(表示目的为表对象或用途给；因为；……来看；赞成，支持和在起；和，跟；具有，有(表示伴)随着(范围、程度在…内没有(表示位置在…外面(表示方向偏离；…离开Shedrovesofastattheturnthealmostoffthe她在转弯处开得如此快，以至于车差点偏离公路。Theexercisewasbeyondtheabilitiesoftheclass.这个练习超出了班里大多数学生的能力。常介短及配高考中的语法填空和短文改错将更加注重对介词短语及搭配的考查词与名词形容词与介词、动词与介词形式的搭配是高考考查的难点。常考介词短语及固定搭配有：1．词的搭配atatime次，一次atsight乍看bymistake错误地incharge主，看管inturn依，转而introuble处困境中onholiday在假

ataloss困惑，不知所措at在饭bytheway顺说inreturn作回报inshape健状况良好onpurpose故地in及，迟早

ontime准inof为纪…inmemoryof为纪念…byhand手onaccountof由approach的方法forthe为thereasonfor的原因

onaverage平inof代inadditionto除onthecontrary与相反onbehalf代表visitto到…的访问byof借lack缺乏byaccident/chance偶beyondone's够着inadvance在前头，事，预先inthelongrun从远来看beyonddescription无法形容outofbreath/balance上气不接下失平衡toone'ssurprise/astonishment令人惊/吃惊的是underconstruction/consideration在设考atthecostof……为代价insupport/favorof持，支援interms/viewof鉴，根据forthepurposeof为…目forthebenefitof为…的益onthewayto在……的路上onthebasisof以…为基础

2．与动词的搭配answerfor对…负责callat拜访(地点result由approve赞consistof由组think想；考虑到depend/relyon依靠belong属于

applyfor申refer谈；涉及；查阅sufferfrom遭complainof抱dreamof梦call拜访(人)resultin/leadto导致datefrom/backto追溯到keep/prevent/stopsb.fromdoing阻某人做protect...from保护……不受伤害succeedin在…方面成功3．与形容词的搭配beof意识到betiredof厌beeagerfor渴望beof对…感到羞耻besureof对有信心；确信befamiliarwithsth.熟悉befamiliarto为……熟悉bepatientwith对有耐心bepleased/satisfied对…满意bepopularwith受欢

beproudof以……为荣beangrywith对…生气beabsent缺

bestrictwith对……严格beaddicted对上；沉溺beavailableto对…可用；可供使bebeneficialto对…有益处bedevotedto致于，献身于besimilarto与…相似beconfidentin对……信心beanxiousabout/for忧，担心becrazyabout热；着迷becuriousabout对好奇beparticularabout挑besuitable适于4．其他搭配far远非upto达到；……定after毕，终究aheadof时间，空间在前面；领先5．易错用的介词withtheof在的助下undertheleadershipof在…的领导下thearticleinnewspaper报上的文章aholeinthewall墙上的洞abirdintree树的鸟

onceinwhile偶尔inspiteof尽管；虽然

applesontree树的苹果ticketsforconcert音会的票inthedirection着的向setanexample给人树立榜样【技法点拨】在语法填空中：1．是否宾语作依据介词必须要接宾语，宾语通常由名词、代词、动名词或what从句充当。若空格后是名词、代词或动名词且它们在句中不作主语和动词的宾语，则要考虑填介词。2．四种方法来确定所填介(1)根据介词短语与谓语的逻辑系；(2)根据语境含义结合介词用法(3)根据特殊的结构关系，如接合宾语就只能用with；(4)根据介词与动词等的搭配。巩提：一单选1．theQRhealthcode,theelderlymanhadtothestation,feelingconfusedand.A．Without...fascinatedB．With...disgustedC．Without...embarrassedD．.disappointed

2．thedragondoesn'texist,wetakeitasymbolofnation.A．Despite...asB．While...asC．..forDWhile...for3．-achievingchildrenhaveemotionalbarrierstoeducationand,______byadults,thesebarriersbecomeevenharderovercome.A．responsetoBinrelationtoC．contrastD．additionto4．quickmindedandgoodcommunicating,theyoungmanwasappointedaddressthetoughproblemtheA．termsofBonbehalfC．favorofD．accountof5．livingincountrycheap________withthatinbigcities,grandpadecidedtospendtheofhislifeincountry.A．combinationBincomparisonCincontact．connection6．IstudiedinAustralia,myparentsalwayswrote___________me,becausetheythink___________meallthetime.A．．C．D．for,about7．owlwon`tforfood___________theday.Theydonight.A．duringBonC．D．8．Thoughsometimeshemistakes,wedoubthisloyalty_______thecompany.A．BwithC．D．9．afraidtypeofhumormighta________insuchaformalmeeting.A．ofcharacterB．ofcontextC．useD．outofplace10．PrivilegecomesLatinprivilegium,alawforjustperson,andabenefitenjoyedbyindividualor________what'savailabletoothers.

A．B．consideringC．DbeyondJobswasfiredthepersonhehadhiredandtrustedthefacthewasthewhoco-establishedthecompany.A．despite…C．inspite…that

B．regardless…thatD．against…inwhich12．isaraciallycountry,various民)groupsbringtheirownuniqueflavorstoeachcornerthecountry,whichadds________people'stable.A．greatvarietyofC．toagreatvarietyof

B．varietytoD．greatvarietyto13．willusuallydecoratetheirgarden________shiningcoloredlightsandtheir________brightcolors.A．…throughB．…with．with…inD．14．discussingtheissuewithourprofessor,wethoughtseveralwayshandleit.A．B．C．D．15．ispoliteyoutogiveyourseattothemanonbus.A．B．C．D．about16．lateasmiddleofthe19thcenturyvotingwas_____common.EuropeandNorthbelievedthattheyshoulda____intheirgovernmentleaders.A．than,wordB．from,sayCratherthan,wordsDotherthan,saying17．aremany“forcedriders，aresufferingfromtheclimateimpacts_____havingscarcelycontributedtoproblem.A．．thoughCdespiteD．

18．gardenlooksbeautifulwhenrosesare_______.A．B．C．．bloom19．mattersofstyle,swimthecurrent;inmattersofprinciple,standrockA．B．C．D．like20closings,evacuations,shutdowns,emergencyresponseteams,heroes9/11,thecountryvirtuallystoppedwhatitwasdoinggatheredaroundTVscreens.A．thatexceptforC．besides．when21．Beforeyousetoutonlongjourney,you'dbettermakesurethatis________.A．orderC．outoforder

B．orderD．order22．saythemanagermightagreetheplan?________,Iwillnotputitforwardinthemeetingtomorrowmorning.A．nocaseC．Incase

B．anycaseD．that23．toProfessorSmith,bestapproach________foreignlanguageistostudythespokenlanguage.A．learnC．oflearning

B．learningD．learning24．____ofdetectingdarkmatterintheirfavor,astrophysicistsmaintainunwaveringoptimism.A．theB．allC．odds．theodds25．introduction________thebookroughlytalksaboutwhethertheintroduction________

independenttaxationdoesgoodtolocalfinancesornot.A．…toBofC．D．…in26．peopleareassuccessfulHarrison________hisage,tohonest,helooksveryyoung________hisage.A．…atBby…forC．…forD．in…at27．memoryfunctioninvolvesmanypartsofbrain,diseaseorinjurythataffectsthebraincaninterfere_________theoftheA．B．C．D．28．really’tknowtodo______yourmotherkindness.A．placeofinsteadofC．of．returnfor29．_________alltheinventorshave_____thatarecuriousaboutthethingsaround.A．B．C．D．30．intheshoppingcenteraresold______.A．dozenBbythedozen．dozensD．thedozens31．—Howaregoingtomakeourlanguageteachingmoreefficient?—______theteachingmethodology.A．BImproving．improvedD．improving32．likestandingtwofourfeetawaypeoplewhentheytalkorwait

line.,AsiansstandmuchA．thecontraryB．aresultC．IncontrastD．addition33．mangotshoutedthattheequal______anyboxertheA．B．C．with．of34．youliketosharefirstimpression________thenewschooluniform?A．BonC．D．35．thepassengersonboardsighedwith________whenthecaptainannouncedthatsolvedthemechanicalproblems________theengine.A．relief...forC．grief...for

B．relief...withD．grief...with36．businesspartnerissenior________________twoyears.A．byC．by...to

B．forD．by...for37languageis________communication,sopropergesturesandposturesplayacrucialinourdailyA．C．with

B．D．38．smilecanhelpyouout________situationslanguageseems________.

A．of...adequateC．adequate

B．of...inadequateD．inadequate39Iwas________askinghimwhatthatworkmightbe,somethinghismannershowedmethatquestionwouldbeunwelcomeone.A．theedgeofC．inthecaseof

B．thepointofD．of40．understandthenatureofthischallenge,firstterms________aphysicalfield.A．theconceptofC．independenceof

B．regardD．ofquestionof答案：1．．．．．．．．．．．．B17．．．．．．B24．C26．D28．．．31．．B34B35．．A37B38．．A二汉英1.尽管她已竭尽全力，还是找不工作）2.虽然困难重重，公司还是信守言解决了顾客投诉中提及的各种问题(despite)3.通常人们认为，如果夜猫子不整自己的作息，要不了多久就会生病(before,subject)请带上手电以回来前天黑(incase)5.尽管困难重工们还是提前成了任务(despite)6.颁奖仪式上王授祝贺Tom