英国文学史复习提纲

英国文学史期末复习提纲1.Pre-Historical/Pre-RomanTheislandweknowasEnglandwasoccupiedbyaraceofpeoplecalledtheCelts(凯尔特人).Oneofthetribes（部落）wascalledasBrythonsorBritons（古不列颠人）(wherewegetthetermBritain)2.RomanOccupation（占有期）St.Augustine（奥古斯汀）(the“other”St.Augustine!)landsinKentin597andconverts（转变）KingAethelbert(kingofKent（肯特）,theoldestSaxonsettlement撒克逊人殖民地)toChristianity（基督教精神，教义）andbecomesfirstArchbishop（大主教）ofCanterbury（坎特博雷地名）.

English=?Celtic（凯尔特人）(from1700or400B.C.to55B.C.)+Latin（拉丁人）(from55B.C.to410A.D.)+German

(from410A.D.to1066A.D.)+French(from1066A.D.to1485A.D.)=OLDENGLISHandMIDDLEENGLISHTheculturalinfluencesThe

Anglo-Saxons（盎格鲁撒克逊人）andtheNormans（诺曼人）conquests（征服，战胜）muchaffectedEngland.Theculturalinfluencesofthesetwoconquestsprovidedthesourceforthe

rise

and

growthofEnglishliterature.Thesetting（环境，设置）andtheherohavenothingtodowithEngland,forthestorytookplaceinScandinavia（斯堪的纳维亚）.ThestorydescribesBeowulfinfightingagainstthemonsterGrendel（格伦德尔）,hisrevengeful（有复仇念头的）motherandafire-breathingdragon.Itisanexampleofthemingling（混合的）ofnaturemyths（神话）andheroiclegends.

Thenationalepicpoem（民族史诗）

OftheAnglo-Saxons贝奥武夫BeowulfTheOldEnglishPoetryThethemesofBeowulfThefirstBritishnationalepic（民族史诗）;ItisthestoryofaScandinavianwarrior（战士）orknight（丹麦人）whocomestohelpaneighboringtribe（部落）,theDanes,whoarebeingattackedbyamonster.Thepoempresentsavividpictureofhowtheprimitivepeople（原始人）wageheroicstrugglesagainstthehostileforces（敌对势力）ofthenaturalworldunderawiseandmighty（很，非常）leader.Thepoemmingles（混合）naturemyths（自然神话）andheroiclegends.

Itreflects（反射）aheroicage.TheCanterburyTales（坎特伯雷故事集）GeoffreyChaucer（杰弗里乔叟）andhisworks-Chaucer’smasterpiece（杰作）-Inthisnovel,hepresentedtousacomprehensiverealisticpictureoftheEnglishSocietyofhistimeandcreatedcharactersfromAllwalks行业

oflife.TheCanterburyTalesIt’sinlustyhumor

andmanyothermoodsandstyles.Thekindsofpeoplethebookinvolvedinaresomanythatitgivesacross-section(代表性)ofmedievallife.中世纪

Renaissance（文艺复兴）

referstotheperiodbetweenthe14thandmid-17th

centuries.Itmarksatransition（过渡，转变）fromthemedieval（中世纪的）tothemodernworld.

ItstartedinItalywiththefloweringofpainting,sculpture（雕塑）andliterature,andthenspreadtotherestofEurope.TheRenaissancemeansrebirth

orrevival复兴.

Humanism（人道主义）theessenceof（真髓）theRenaissance;Manisthemeasureofallthings.

（人是万物之灵）humanistsnotonlysawtheartsofsplendor（光彩）andenlightenment（启迪）,butthehumanvaluesrepresentedinworks;Humanbeingswereglorious（光荣的）creaturescapableof可以…的individualdevelopmentforperfection.(2)PoetryandpoeticdramawerethemostoutstandingliteraryformsandtheywerecarriedonespeciallybyShakespeareandBenJonson（本琼生）.(3)Therealmainstream（主流）oftheEnglishRenaissance（文艺复兴）istheElizabethan（伊丽莎白）drama.

TheachievementsofChristopherMarlowe（克里斯托弗马洛）inLiteratureChristopherMarlowe’s

Dr.Faustus

（浮士德）

Sonnet（十四行诗）18ShallⅠcomparethee（你）toaSummer’sday

?Thou（你）artmorelovelyandmoretemperate.Roughwindsdoshakethedarlingbuds（芽）ofMay.AndSummer’slease（租约）hath（有）alltooshortadate.Sonnet18In“Sonnet18”,Shakespearehasaprofound（）深厚的）meditation（冥想，深思）onthedestructivepower（破坏力）oftimeandtheeternal（永恒的）andbeautybroughtforth向外bypoetrytotheoneheloves.Shakespeare’sFourTragedies(1)Hamlet(2)Othello(3)KingLear(4)MacbethTheMerchantofVenice（威尼斯商人）TheMerchantofVenice

asasatire（讽刺）ofthehypocrisy（虚伪）ofChristiansandtheirfalsestandardsoffriendshipandlove,theircunning（狡猾的）waysofpursuing（追求）worldliness（物质）andtheirunreasoning（不合理的）prejudice偏见againstJews（犹太人）.RomeoandJulietInRomeoandJuliet,Shakespeareeulogizes（颂扬）

thefaithfulness（忠诚）oflovethespiritofpursuing（追求）happinessOfStudies读书论“OfStudies”isthemostpopularofBacon’s（培根）58essays.Itanalyzesthemainfunctions（主要功能）ofstudies,thedifferentwaysadopted（采用）bydifferentpeopletopursue（继续，从事）studies,andhowstudiesexert（发挥）influenceoverhumancharacter.Beingforceful（强有力的）andpersuasive（有说服力的）,compact（紧凑的）andprecise（严格的）,“OfStudies”reveals（揭示）tousBacon’smatureattitudetowardslearning.OfStudiesSomebooksaretobetasted,otherstobeswallowed,andsomefewtobechewedanddigested;thatis,somebooksaretobereadonlyinparts;otherstoberead,butnotcuriously;andsomefewtobereadwholly,andwithdiligenceandattention.

JohnDonne(1572—1631)约翰多恩

HewasthefounderoftheMetaphysicalschoolofpoetry.形而上学Literaryworks：Donnewrotealargenumberofpoems.TheElegiesandSatires,TheSongsandSonnets挽歌与十四行诗诗歌与十四行诗DonneisbestknownbyhisTheSongsandSonnets.ParadiseLost失乐园约翰弥尔顿It’salong

epic史诗in12books12卷,writteninblankverse素体诗无韵诗.ParadiseLostisthegreatest,theonlygenerallyacknowledged

epic被公认的史诗

inEnglishliteraturesinceBeowulf;plainEnglishandclassicalLatin-stately,sonorous(响亮的;洪亮的;感人的),andyetessentiallysimple.庄严的、响亮的,但本质上是简单的Itisthe“grand”style.宏伟的JohnMilton’sstyle约翰·弥尔顿JohnBunyan:aPuritanpoet约翰·班扬:清教徒诗人HisWorks:1.GraceAboundingtotheChiefofSinner

(writteninprison)《罪人受恩记》《功德无量》2.Pilgrim’sProgress(masterpiece)杰作《天路历程》Analysis:

ThePilgrim’sProgress1.ThePilgrim’sProgressisareligiousallegory.寓言2.Thoughanallegory,itscharactersimpressthereaderlikerealpersons.(2)ThemovementwasafurtheranceoftheRenaissanceofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturies.(1)TheEnlightenmentMovementwasaprogressiveintellectualmovementwhichflourishedinFranceandsweptthroughthewholeWesternEuropeatthetime.启蒙运动是进步的知识分子在法国运动蓬勃发展又席卷整个西欧。TheMasterpiecesofDanielDefoe

丹尼尔·笛福的杰作RobinsonCrusoe

(1719MollFlanders

(1722)摩尔·弗兰德斯Thecharacteristicsofthestyleandlanguage

◆detaileddescription;◆simpleeverydayEnglish;◆journalisticlanguage新闻语言TheContributionsofAlexanderPope

亚历山大·蒲柏

(1)ArepresentativeoftheEnlightenment.(2)OneofthefirsttointroducerationalismtoEngland理性主义LyricalBallads抒情诗集1.WrittenbyWordsworthandColeridge；华兹华斯和柯勒律治2.ThecollectionofpoetrythatmarkedthebeginningoftheRomanticperiodTheFeaturesofRomanticPoetry(1)Romanticspoetryisfreefromallrules.Theyturnedtothehumblepeople卑微andthecommoneverydaylifeforsubjectsandemployedthecommonplace,thenatural,andthesimpleastheirpoeticmaterials.采用司空见惯,自然,简单,他们的诗歌材料(2)Romanticswritersarealwaysseekingfor

theAbsolute,theIdealthroughthetranscendenceoftheactual.Theymadeboldexperimentsinpoeticlanguage,versificationanddesign,andconstructedavarietyofformsonoriginalprinciplesof

organizationandstyle.浪漫主义作家总是寻求绝对的理想通过超越实际。他们大胆的实验作诗,诗歌语言设计和建造各种各样的原始形式的原则组织和风格。(3)Romanticpoetryistheflowof

imagination,spontaneityand

powerfulfeelings.Forexample,Wordsworth’sversesareaboutcountryscenesandcountrypeople.Theyareoftenwritteninplainlanguagebutsomepoems’styleiscomplexasshowninhisrepresentativepoemsLinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbeyand

IWonderedlonelyasaCloud.Wordsworth华兹华斯Hisversesareaboutcountryscenesandcountrypeople.Oftenwritteninplainlanguagebutsomepoems’styleiscomplex.Representativeworks:LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbeyand

IWonderedlonelyasaCloud.

LinesComposedaFewMilesAboveTinternAbbey《厅特恩教堂》IWonderedLonely

asaCloud《我如行云独自游》

SamuelTaylorColeridge

(1772-1834)塞缪尔•泰勒•柯勒律治LordByron’sworks拜伦勋爵ChildeHarold’sPilgrimage

《恰尔德哈洛尔德游记》DonJuan《唐璜》(讽刺长诗)ThePrisonerofChillon

《锡庸的囚徒》SheWalksinBeauty.

(shortpoem)PercyByssheShelley

(1792-1822)

波比·雪莱

Pointsofview:thedutyofpoet:toennoble

humanityLyrics抒情诗(lovelymusicalquality)

“OdetotheWestWind”

《西风颂》

“ToaSkylark”

《致云雀》Drama:PrometheusUnbound(1820)

《解放的普罗米修斯》OdetotheWestWind5Scatter,is

fromanunextinguishedhearth

Ashesandsparks,mywordsamongmankind!

BethroughmylipstounawakenedearthThetrumpetofaprophecy!OWind,

IfWintercomes,canSpringbefarbehind?JaneAusten简·奥斯丁JaneAustenwasamajorEnglishnovelist,whosebrilliantlywitty,elegantlystructuredsatiricalfictionmarksthetransitioninEnglishliterature出色的智慧,优雅的结构化的讽刺小说是英国文学的转型代表作品SenseandSensibility,1811《理智与情感》PrideandPrejudice,1813《傲慢与偏见》OriginsofPrideandPrejudicePublishedin1813butbegunin1796Originaltitle,FirstImpressionsPrideandPrejudiceremainsconsistentlyAusten’smostwell-readandpopularnovel45VictorianLiterature维多利亚时代的文学EnglishCriticalRealism

英国批判现实主义ThemostimportantintheVictorianAge

Typicalcharactersunderthetypicalcircumstances.典型环境下的典型人物。WhatisCriticalRealism?批判现实主义TheGenres流派ofVictorianLiteratureThenovel

becamethemostwidelyreadandthemostvitalandchallengingexpressionofprogressivethought.

CharlesDickens,查尔斯•狄更斯

WilliamMakepeaceThackeray,威廉•雷先生致敬CharlotteBronte,夏洛特·勃朗特,EmilyBronte艾米莉。勃朗特CharlesDickens’sNovels查尔斯•狄更斯

《大卫·科波菲尔》（DavidCopperfield

）(1849-1850)

《双城记》（ATaleofTwoCities

）(1859)WilliamMakepeaceThackeray

威廉•雷先生致敬Englishjournalist,novelist,famousforhisnovelVanityFair名利场(1847-48),ataleoftwomiddle-classLondonfamilies.MostofThackeray'smajornovelswerepublishedasmonthlyserials.CharlotteB