Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise知识点详解及练习 人教版八年级英语上册

第页 Unit2Howoftendoyouexercise?知识讲解SectionA一.helpwithhousework帮助做家务1.helpwithsth.意为“帮助做某事”2.helpsb.withsth.=helpsb._______sth.帮助某人做某事Eg:Ioftenhelphim______hisEnglish.=Ioftenhelphim__________English.我经常帮他学习英语。【拓展】1.helponeselfto…请随便吃/喝···Pleasehelpyourselftosomecakes.2.can’thelpdoingsth情不自禁做某事Ican’thelpfallinginlovewiththatgirl.我情不自禁爱上那个女孩。二．housework意为“家务劳动”。不可数名词。1.Theyhavehouseworktodo.A.manyB.much三.sometimes有时辨析：sometimes，sometimes，sometime，sometimesometimes有时候。=attimes=fromtimetotime也是“有时”的意思。sometimes几次。time作可数名词时可作“次数”解；表示“时间”时是不可数名词。sometime某个时候。可指过去或将来的某个时候。sometime一段时间。常与for连用。对它提问用howlong。口诀记忆：分开“一段时间”；相聚“某个时候”。练习：①WeplantostayinHainanfor.我们打算在海南呆一段时间。②Iamsurethatwehavemetbefore.我肯定我们之前见过几次了。③Ihavelettersfromhim.有时我会收到他的来信。四.hardlyever几乎不比较：hard、hardly和hardlyever①hard作形容词时，意为“困难的；硬的；勤奋的；严厉的；苛刻的”。hard作副词时常用来表示程度，意为“努力地；猛烈地；剧烈地”，位于动词之后。Thisgroundistoohardtodig.这块地太硬，挖不动。Theytriedhardtosucceed.他们努力工作，以求得成功。②Hardly副词，意为“几乎不”，表示否定意义，位于实义动词之前，系动词、助动词、或情态动词之后，不表示频率。常用来修饰表示能力的词，如can,could等。Hecanhardlyplayfootball.他几乎不会打篮球。Thereishardlyanycoffeeleft.几乎没有剩余的咖啡了③hardlyever是表频率的副词，意为“几乎不；几乎没有”，相当于almostnot,seldom。练习：Thereis____________foodleft.几乎没有食物剩下。He____________.他几乎不工作。He____________.他工作努力。五.exercise1.vt.“锻炼、运动”。—Howoftendoyouexercise?2.U“锻炼、运动”，常与动词take连用。Exercise______mekeephealthy.运动使我保持健康。Johnlikestakingexerciseintheopenair.约翰喜欢在户外锻炼。3.C“练习；操”。Wedomorning___________everyday.我们每天做早操。WedoEnglish____________tohelpuslearnEnglishwell.我们做英语练习以便学好英语。六．usetheInternet用互联网usesth.todosth.用某物做某事Iuseaknifetocutbread.我用刀切面包。短语：ontheInternet在网上，surftheInternet网上冲浪，上网七．What’syourfavorite...?=What...doyoulikebest？你最喜欢的是什么？1.What’syourfavoriteanimal？你最喜欢的动物是什么？=__________________________________________八.free意为“空闲的，有空的”反义词busy。befree意为“闲着，有空”eg:：Heisfreenow.他现在有空。拓展：free还可译为“免费的”Eg：Theticketsarefree.票是免费的。九．quitefull很忙，相当忙.1.adj.full还可译为“满的，充满的”。反义词是empty，意为“空的”。Eg：Thebuswasfullwhentheygotthere.翻译________________________________________.拓展：AbefullofB.=AbefilledwithB;A中充满了B。Theroomisfullofstudents.Thebusisfullofpeople.Thehallis_______people.A.fillwithB.fullwithC.filledofD.filledwith2.fulladj.“饱的”。其反义词是hungry，意为“饥饿的”。Areyouhungryorfull？你饿了还是饱了？十．maybe“也许，大概，可能”，常位于句首。Eg：MaybeheknowsTom.也许他认识Tom。辨析：maybe和maybemaybe“也许，大概，可能”。（一般放句首）Maybeyouareright.也许你是对的。maybe“可能是，也许是”。为“情态动词+be动词”结构。（位于句中）Youmayberight.你也许是对的。LilyanEnglishteacher.Lily可能是一名英语老师。=________________________________________十一.atleast意为“至少”。其反义词为atmost“最多”。Eg：Thereareatleast1,500studentsinourschool.十二.howoften意为“多久一次”，常用于对时间频率的提问。回答可用once/twice/threetimesaday(一天一/两/三次)，sometimes(有时)，never(从不)，veryoften(经常)等。HowoftendoyouwatchTV?你多久看一次电视？【拓展】词语词义用法答语特征howlong多久询问时间多久for/about+一段时间howoften多久一次询问动作的频率often,twiceaweek等howsoon多快，过多久询问时间多快in+一段时间howfar多远询问距离多远tenminutes’walkhowmany多少询问可数名词数量数词+可数名词复数howmuch多少询问不可数名词数量数词+表示量的词+不可数名词多少钱询问价格数词+钱十三.look、see、watch和read辨析：look为不及物动词，后接宾语时须用介词at，指看的动作。see着重于看的后果，即“看到，看见”。read多指“看书、报”，这里的“看”实为“读”。watch表示“注视，观看，监视”之意。也常用于“看电视，看比赛”等短语中。SectionB一．wantsb.todosth.的否定形式为wantsb._____todosth.Eg：Shewantsmetobringhimsomepens.否定：Shewantsme__________________himsomepens.拓展：1.wantsth.想要某物2.wanttodosth.想要做某事3.want(sb.)todosth.=wouldlike/love(sb.)todosth.二．begoodfor意为“对……有益”。反义词为bebadfor“对……有害”。Eg:Vegetablesaregoodforyou.蔬菜对你有好处。【拓展】1.begoodto“对…好”，其反义短语为bebadto“对…不好”。2.begoodat“在…方面擅长”，at后面常接名词、代词或动词-ing形式，同义短语为dowellin。SheisgoodatEnglishandChinese.=ShedoeswellinEnglishandChinese.她擅长英语和汉语。Iamgoodat__________________（play）basketball.3.begoodwith“和…相处得好；擅于和…相处”。Areyougoodwithchildren?你和孩子们相处得好吗？三．1.healthn.健康，C，意为“健康(状况)”，常用于“beingood(poor/bad)health”短语中，表示“身体好(不好)”。Mygrandparentsarebothingoodhealth.我祖父母身体都很好。2.healthyadj.健康的unhealthyadj.不健康的四．asksb.aboutsth.“询问某人关于某事”Eg:Iaskedmyteacherabouttoday’shomework.五.Herearetheresults.这是（调查）结果。here位于句首，句子要倒装。Hereis+单数名词。Hereare+复数名词.Eg：Hereisyourjacket.这是你的夹克。六．find+宾语+名词,Wehavefoundhim(tobe)agoodboy.find+宾语+形容词，Hefoundtheroomdirty.find+宾语+现在分词，Ifoundhimreadinginthelibrary.七.百分数由percent来表示，构成：基数词+percent，常用“数词＋percentof＋名词”这一结构作主语时，谓语的单复数要看percentof后跟的名词，如果是可数名词复数，谓语应该用复数，如果是不可数名词，谓语应该用单数Thirtypercentofthestudents______(like)watchinggameshows.70percentofwater_______(be)saltywater(盐水)。八．not...atall意为“一点儿也不，根本不”。not应和be动词、助动词或情态连用。Eg：Idon’tknowaboutitatall.对那件事我一点也不知道。Thestoryisn’tinterestingatall.Theoldmancan’tusethecomputeratall.拓展：notatall=youarewelcome意为“不用谢，不客气”。Eg：--Thankyouforyourhelp.--Notatall.九．surprised惊奇的，感到意外的1.besurprisedatsb./sth./doingsth.对…感到惊奇，Wearesurprisedatthenews.2.besurprisedtodosth.对做某事感到惊讶。I’mverysurprisedtomeetyouhere.3.besurprisedthat+从句.因…而感到惊讶。I’msurprisedthathecamehereontime.【拓展】surprising令人惊讶的toone’ssurprise令某人惊讶的是insurprise惊讶地；吃惊地十．theanswerstoquestions问题的答案thewaytosw去某地的路十一.moststudents=mostofthestudents大多数学生1.most+复数名词.Mostbirdscanfly.大多数鸟儿会飞.__________大部分时间2.mostof+限定词+复数名词mostofthegirls,mostofmyfriends3.mostof+人称代词宾格mostofthem/us______thestudentslikereadingthestory.A.MostB.Mostof4.the+most+多音节形容词，表示最高级，意为“最”。Thisisthemostbeautifulflower.这是最漂亮的花。如果most前有不定冠词a，则表示“非常；很”，相当于very。Sheisamostbeautifulgirl.她是个非常漂亮的姑娘。十二.although“虽然，尽管”。but意为“但是”。英语中，although与but不能同时使用。1.________itrained，theboysstillplayedoutside.=Itrained，___________theboysstillplayedoutside.2.AlthoughIgetupearly,Ican’tcatchtheearlybus.=Igetupearly,butIcan’tcatchtheearlybus.Mycousinknowsalotaboutgeography，heisonlyfouryearsold.A.becauseB.soC.although十三.It’s+adj+（forsb.）+todosth.意为“（对某人来说）做某事是……的”。Eg：It’sveryimportanttolistencarefullyinclass.上课认真听讲很重要。It’seasyforustoswim.对我们来说游泳很容易。It’sveryhardforhimtostudyEnglish._____________________________________练习1.Itisveryimportantforus_______Englishwell.2.It’sverynice___you_______myparentsyourbestwishes.3.—Ioftenhavehamburgersforlunch.—You’dbetternot.It’sbadforyou________toomuchjunkfood.十四.by+交通工具乘….by+时间到…..时（为止）by+地点在…..旁边【拓展】through和by的区别、through后常加名词表示手段媒介，throughexercise通过锻炼by后常加工具或v-ing,byworkinghard(bydoingsth.通过做某事)十五.suchas例如；像…这样。后面跟名称、代词、动词的ing形式Eg:Ihavealotofhobbies,suchas__________and___________.我有许多爱好，比如读书和唱歌。拓展：suchadj.&pron.这样的；那样的；类似的；作形容词时，其后修饰名词。Tomlivesinsuchalargehouse.汤姆住在一所这么大的房子里。such和so二者都有“如此；这样”的意思，但具体用法相异。such用来修饰名词，so用来修饰形容词或副词。①such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)②such＋adj.＋n.(复数/不可数名词)③so＋adj./adv.④so＋adj.＋a/an＋n.(单数)＝such＋a/an＋adj.＋n.(单数)⑤so＋many/few/much/little＋n.(复数/不可数名词)Heissuchacleverboy.＝Heissocleveraboy.It'ssuchfineweathertoday.Theydidn'thavesomuchtimetodotheirhomework.他们没有如此多的时间去做作业。十六.spend意为“度过”或“花费（时间、金钱）”。Eg:Comeandspendtheweekendwithus.来和我们一起度过周末吧。spendtime\moneyonsth.在...上花费时间或金钱.=spendtime\money（in）doingsth.花费时间或金钱做某事Hedidn’tspendmuchtimeonhishomework.=Hedidn’tspendmuchtime______________hishomework.Ispend200yuanonanewcoat.=Ispend200yuan________________anewcoat.Don’tspendtoomuchtimewatchingTV.=Don’tspendtoomuchtime_____TV.1.cost的主语是物sth.costssb.＋金钱/时间某物花了某人多少钱/时间。doingsth.costssb.＋时间做某事花了某人多少时间。2.take后面常跟双宾语，常见用法：Ittakessb.＋时间/金钱＋todosth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例：Ittookthemthreeyearstobuildthisroad.他们用了三年时间修完了这条路。3.pay的基本用法是：(1)pay(sb.)moneyforsth.付钱（给某人）买……例：Ihavetopaythem20poundsforthisroomeachmonth.我每个月要付20英磅的房租。(2)payforsth.付……的钱。例：Ihavetopayforthebooklost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。(3)payforsb.替某人付钱。例：Don`tworry!I'llpayforyou.别担心，我会给你付钱的。(4)paysb.付钱给某人。例:Theypayuseverymonth.他们每月给我们报酬。十七.throughprep.以；凭借；穿过Hebecamerichthroughhardworkandability.他凭借辛苦的工作和能力变得富有。Thesunlightwascominginthroughthewindow.through，across，overthrough意为“穿过”，指从物体的里面穿过。across意为“穿过”，指从物体的表面通过。over意为“越过；跨过”，指越过一个有高度的物体。Theywalkedthroughtheparkaftersupper.Iswamacrosstheriverandfeltverytired.Canyoujumpoverthetable?十八.however“然而，不过”。可以位于句首、句中、句末。但要用逗号与句子的其他部分隔开。Eg:Shewasill.However,shestillwenttowork.她病了，然而她依然去上班。辨析：but和howeverbut直接连接前后两个句子，转折的意味比however强，特别表示非常明显的对比，。However“然而，但是”。不能直接连接句子，必须用逗号与句子隔开。Eg:1.Itbegantorain,___________,wewentouttolookfortheboy.2.Itasunnymorning，___________verycold.这是个晴朗的早晨，但是却很冷。十九.morethan相当于over。意为“超过，多余”。Therearemorethan2000books.二十.afraid意为“担心的，害怕的”。1.beafraidtodosth.害怕做某事Eg：Iamafraidto_____________plane.我害怕乘飞机。2.beafraidofsb.\sth.害怕某人\某物beafraidofdoingsth.害怕做某事Eg：Sheisafraidofthedog.她害怕那只狗。Don’tbeafraid__________________questions.不要怕问问题。二十一.lessthansix.少于6小时。lessthan意为“不到，少于”。其反义词为morethan\over“多余，超过”Eg：Shesleepslessthansevenhourseverynight.他每晚的睡眠时间不到7小时。WeknowTomfor20years.我们认识Tom超过20年了。拓展：less是little的比较级，Shehaslessmilkthanme.二十二.diev.消失；消灭；死亡1.“死亡”讲，不能用于被动语态，强调动作，是瞬间动词，不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。Hisgrandfatherdiedfiveyearsago.他祖父五年前去世的。2.die可以用于进行时态，表示“即将死去，奄奄一息”。Heisdying.他快要死了。拓展：1.dead死的，是die的形容词形式。可作表语或定语。作表语时，表示状态。Hisdoghasbeendeadfortwoweeks.他的狗已死了两周了。2.death死亡，是die的名词形式。Hismother'sdeathmadehimverysad.他母亲的去世使他非常难过。二十三.nonenone与noone,nobody的用法区别1.noone=nobody，两者均只能指人，作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如：Noone[Nobody]________谁也不知道。Noone[Nobody]_________it.没人喜欢它。注：按传统语法，两者之后均不能接of

短语。2.none既可指人也可指物，其后通常接of

短语；用作主语若指不可数名词，谓语只能用单数，若指可数名词，则谓语可用单数或复数。Noneofthefoodwasleft.一点食物都没留下。Noneofthebooksis[are]interesting.没有一本书有趣。3.none暗示一种数量，“一个也没有”，而noone或nobody指“谁都没有”，回答howmany或howmuch的提问时，通常用none，而在回答who的提问时，通常用noone或nobody。体会：A：HowmanyEnglishbookshaveyouread?你读过多少本英文书?B：None.一本也没读。A：Howmuchmoneydidyougiveher?你给了她多少钱?B：None.一分也没给。A：Whowenttoseethefilm?谁去看电影了?B：Noone[Nobody].谁也没去。Unit2试题一、单项填空()1. —What’sonthewallofthelivingroom,Wendy? —Thereistelevision.televisionisverybig. A.a;A B.an;A C.a;The D.an;The()2.—Whatcanyouseethemist(薄雾)?—Threepeople. A.for B.through C.of D.about ()3. —Whydoyoulikerunningsomuch,Mr.Green? —Well,it’sgoodformy. A.diary B.time C.idea D.health()4. —Whowillgototheforteethcleaningwithyou,Mark? —Myfather. A.guide B.dentist C.writer D.musician()5. —Therearesomanywonderfulgiftsintheshop.Whichonedoyouwanttobuy?—.Theyaretooexpensiveforme. A.NotB.NeverC.NoneD.No()6. —Youlooksotired,Sue. —Isleptlastnight.Ifeelveryterriblenow. A.hardly B.alreadyC.usuallyD.almost()7. Tinagoestothemoviesatleastamonth.Shelovesmoviesverymuch. A.twice B.second C.two D.secondly()8. —Canyouhelphimthelivingroom,Amy? —Noproblem. A.cleans B.cleaned C.cleaning D.toclean()9. —DoyouknowNick,Lucy? —Sure,he’ssofamous.hehasnoarmsandlegs,hecanlookafterhimselfwellandtravelallovertheworld. A.Although;but B.Because;/ C.Although;/D.Because;so()10. —Howoftenyourfather,Mary? —Onceaweek. A.did;exercised B.do;exercise C.does;exercisesD.does;exercise()11.Ithinkthebestwayistakingpartin(参加)outdooractivities.A.torelax B.relaxing C.relaxed D.relaxes()12.TomaskedPetertothepartylastSunday. A.comes B.coming C.tocome D.came()13. —timesdidyougoclimbinglastyear? —Twice. A.Howlong B.Howmany C.Howmuch D.Howoften()14. —doyouwatchTV? —Almosteveryday. A.Howlong B.Howoften C.Howmuch D.Howold()15. —Howoftendoyougoswimming,Alice? —. A.IntwoweeksB.Threetimes C.Oneortwoweeks D.Onceortwiceaweek二、翻译1.看牙医6.listentosomemusic2.现在、此时7.bestressedout3.三天前8.liedownandrest4.感冒9.stayhealthy5.喝一些水10.giveadvices三、用所给词的适当形式填空1.Iam(stress)out,andIwanttolistentothemusic.2.Peopleinmany(west)countrieslikeChinesefoodverymuch.3.(drink)toomuchcolaisbadforourhealth.4.Sheistired.Sheshouldn’t(go)totheparty.5.It'simportantforyoutoeata____________(balance)diet.四、选词填空(每小题1分，共5分)needgivelikebelieveeasy1.MyparentsthatIshouldeatmorevegetables.2.Youshouldeathotyangfood,beef.3.It’stohaveahealthylifestyle.4.Ihaveafever.Canyoumesomeadvice?5.Tomhasasorethroat.Hetoseeadoctor.五、句型转换。（每小题2分，共10分）1.Shehasatoothache.(对划线部分提问)thematterwithLily?2.Ibelieveyoucandoit.(改为否定句)Iyoucandoit.3.Doyouhaveasorethroat?(改为现单三形式)Sheasorethroat?4.Don’tgettootired.It’snothealthy.(改为同意句)Don’tgettootired.It’s.六、阅读理解AMaryisanAmericangirl.SheisnowinBeijingwithherparents.Marydoesn'tknowmuchChinese,butsheisstudyingit.SheoftenspeaksChinesewithherChinesefriends.Sometimestheycan'tunderstandher,becauseshecan'tspeakChineseverywell.It'sSaturdaymorning.Shegoesout.Sheiswalkinginthestreet.Shewantstogotothezootoseetheelephantsandmonkeys,butshedoesn'tknowhowtogetthere.SheasksaChineseboytheway.Theboycan'tunderstandher.Thenshetakesoutapenandapieceofpaper.Shedrawsanelephantonit,andshowsthepicturetotheboy.Theboyunderstands,andshowsherthewaytothezoo.1.Maryis_____·_____.A.ChineseB.EnglishC.JapaneseD.American2.Maryisin__________withherparentsnow.A.ShanghaiB.BeijingC.NewYorkD.London3.Marydoesn'tknowhowtogetto__________.A.thezooB.theparkC.herhomeD.herschool4.Marycan'tspeak__________verywell.A.EnglishB.EnglandC.ChinaD.Chinese5.AtlastTheboy__________.A.canunderstandMary'ｓChineseB.takeshertothezooC.showsherthewaytothezooD.drawsapictureforMary,tooBDecember25isChristmasDay(圣诞节).Christmasisanimportantholidayinmanycountries.OnChristmasDay,mostfamiliesgettogetherforabigdinner.Theygivepresentstoeachotherandvisitfriends.TheChristmastreeisanimportantpartoftheChristmasholiday.Mostfamiliesbuytrees.Thefamiliesdecorate(装饰)thetreetogether.ParentsusuallytelltheirchildrenthatFatherChristmascomesduringthenightandbringspresentst