新视野大学英语1unit5words

Unit5TheBattleAgainstAIDSacquire

v.1.获得；取得HowdidTomacquirehiswealth?2.学到，习得，培养（技能，习惯，品质）

Ihaveacquiredatasteforwhisky.acquireknowledgeof求得...的知识e.g.SheacquiredaknowledgeoftheEnglishbycarefulstudy.acquirementn.取得,获得;学得;[pl.]学识,技艺acquire/obtain/gainacquire强调通过不断地学、问等慢慢地获取学问、技术等较抽象的事物。

Annamustworkhardtoacquireagoodknowledgeofmechanics.obtain较正式用词，主要指通过相当长的时间或很大的努力获得期望已久的东西。Theyimmediatelysetouttoobtainthelatestnews.gain指通过努力与付出而得到，但需付出比obtain更大的努力，含有通过竞争获得某些有价值的东西的成分。Shegainedfullmarksintheexamination.immune

a.（常against,from,to与连用）免疫的；e.g.Themedicinewillmakeyouimmunetothedisease.这种药可以使你免于感染这种疾病。beimmunefrompunishment免除处罚Thecriminalwastoldhewouldbeimmunefrompunishmentifhehelpedthepolice.immunebody(=antibody)疫苗注射后产生的免疫体beimmunefrom/against/to不受影响的，免除的，安全的deficiency

n.缺乏,不足e.g.deficienciesinthisplan这项计划的缺陷anutritionaldeficiency.营养缺乏Thelittlegirlhasaslightcalciumdeficiency.Thedeficiencyoftheplanisveryclearanditcan’tbesuccessful.deficient缺乏的；不足的a.有缺陷的人[东西]e.g.deficientincourage缺乏勇气的amentaldeficient智力缺陷者sufficiencyn.充足，充分syndromee.g.Thesyndromeislikelytostrikethosewhoseimmuneabilityisdamaged.

那些免疫系统受到破坏的人身上可能出现这些症状。symptom症兆，症候Feverisasymptomofmanyillnesses.发烧是许多疾病的症兆。SymptomsofSARSincludehighfiver,headache,sweating,restlessness,thirst,andpossiblycoma,andconvulsion.diagnose

v.判断,根据科学资料分类或决定e.g.Thedoctordiagnosedtheillnessasinfluenza.医生诊断此病为流行感冒。e.g.Theteacherdiagnosedtheboy'sreadingdifficulties.老师找出那孩子阅读上困难的原因。diagnosablea.可诊断的diagnosisn.诊断infectbeinfectedwith(thenameofadisease)e.g.ThebloodtestshowsthatthemanwasinfectedwiththeHIVvirus.血检表明这个人染上了艾滋病病毒。Mary'shighspiritsinfectedallthegirlsintheclass.玛丽振奋的精神感染了班上所有的女孩子.infection感染；传染；污染,传染病aerialinfection空气传染/contactinfection接触传染/crossinfection交叉感染[传染]/insectinfection昆虫传染/virusinfection病毒感染infectiousa.有传染性的,易传染的,有感染力的constitute

v1.makeup;form制定(法律),建立(政府),组成,任命e.g.constituteadirectthreattosb.对某人构成直接威胁constitutenewtrafficregulations制定新交通规则7daysconstituteaweek.2.beapartofawhole为……的成分

Loneparentsconstituteagreatproportionofthepoor.constitute3.beorbeequivalentto(sth)相当于

Hisfailuretoactconstitutedabreachofduty.他不能演出，这相当于失职。constitutionn.宪法,构造,体质haveagood/poorconstitution体质好［差］segment

n.段,节,片断,部分v.分割e.g.asegmentofatelevisionprogram.adishoforangesegmentsBlackpeopleconstitutethepoorestsegmentofsocietyinthecountry.黑人是这个国家最穷的社会群体。同义：sectionalarm

n.惊慌；警报e.g.raise/givethealarm发出警报soundthealarm鸣警报。hear/receivethealarm.Vt.使惊慌，使担心inalarm慌忙e.g.Hearingascream,shesatupinalarm.听到尖叫声，她慌忙坐起来。Thenewsthatwarmightbreakoutalarmedthepeople.战争可能爆发的消息使人们惊恐不安。bealarmedat...被...吓一跳bealarmedfor...放心不下,担心(...的安全)federal

Federalagent[美]联邦调查局人员FederalBureauofInvestigation[美]联邦调查局(略作FBI)thefederalgovernment联邦政府thestategovernment州政府federationn.同盟;联盟;联邦政府,联合总会afederationofstudents学生联合会afederationoflaborunions总工会implement

e.g.implementacontract履行合同Thegovernmentisimplementingitsprogramofhelpingthepoor.政府在实施扶贫政策。implement,instrument,tool,appliance都含“工具”的意思。implement指“在工作中任何有用或必需的器械”,尤指“较简单的农田或园艺工具”,如:newtypesoffarmimplements新式农具。instrument指“用于精细工作或科学技术的工具”,如:surgicalinstruments外科器械。tool多指“手工操作的简单工具”,如:toolsforcarpenters木工工具。appliance指“工具”、“器具”、“器械”、“电气用具”,如:anapplianceforopeningtincans开马口铁罐头的器具。emerge

Themoonemergedfrombehindtheclouds.月亮从云后出现。同义：appearv.出现，公开露面

comeout出来反义：submergen&v浸没,淹没,潜水combat

n.战斗,格斗singlecombat一对一的打斗v.斗争conflict,和…作战oppose,搏斗,抗击Tbatdiseases与疾病作斗争combatliberalism反对自由主义同义：battlev.作战，战斗contestv.争斗，竞争fightv.打架resourceexploitnaturalresources开发自然资源materialresources物力resourceoflabourforce劳动力资源resourceofproduction生产资源amanofresource足智多谋的人;机智的人amanofnoresources无资力的人;毫无办法的人;闲极无聊的人attheendofone'sresources山穷水尽,无计可施,智穷才尽Heislostwithoutresource.他彻底完蛋[失败]了。publication

n.1.出版物thelistofnewpublications新书目录2.公布，发表，出版Thenewspaperhasceasedpublication.报纸已停刊

publishv.出版，发行；publica.公众的公用的，n.公共场所，公众literacy

n.有文化，有教养，有读写能力illiteracy文盲

aliteracycampaign扫盲运动aliteracyclass扫盲班literaturen.文学(作品),文艺literarya.文学的literaryworks文学作品literala.字母的字面上的,没有夸张的,求实的

solve

e.g.solveaproblem[puzzle]解决问题[疑惑]solveacrime解释犯罪行为solution解答,解决办法,解决方案resolven.决心,决定v.决心=decideresolvedongoingsth议决resolveto议决投票表决,resolveinto解决,使分解,溶解,解决,转变resolveAintoB=turnAintoBillustrate

(be)illustratedwith[by]以...说明之Letmegiveanotherexampletoillustratethisusageoftheword.Theguideisillustratedwithfull-colorphotographs.2.serveasanexampleof为…例证，证明…TheWorldCupillustratedwhathighstandardsourplayersmustachieve.illustratorn.说明者，插图画家，illustrativea.说明性的，例证性的establishv.1.建立，创办Ourschoolwasestablishedin1956.2.开始（接触，交流）Thetwocompaniesestablisheddiplomaticrelationsin1992.3.使（某人）得到承认，使被接受Hehadestablishedhimselfasafilmstar.establishmentn.建立，设立establisheda.已制定的，确定的同义：setup，found反义demolish，destroyrisk

n.冒险,风险,危险人物

Allthepeoplewhoknowthissecretrepresentasecurityrisk.She’asecurityrisk.atrisk有危险indangerofrun/takerisksinsth/doingsth冒险v冒...的危险e.g.Heriskedhislifewhenhesavedthechildfromthefire.Don'triskit.Itisn'tworthit.define

definesb.'sduties规定某人的任务defineone'sposition表明立场Themountainwasclearlydefinedagainstthelightoftheeasternsky.东方天空的光芒使那座山清晰地显露出来。definitea,有明确界限的；明确的definitionn.定义,解说,精确度,清晰度

redefinev.重新定义,重新考虑plague（与of连用）数量大得无法控制的有害物aplagueofrats泛滥成灾的老鼠e.g.Airpollutionisregardedasaplagueofthenation.vt.折磨,使苦恼,Fearsaboutthewarhasplaguednearlyhalfofthepopulationinthecountry.e.g.Plaguewasthenprevailinginthatcity.当时瘟疫正在该城流行。plaguewith用...来烦扰人,用...来折磨人Hewasplaguingherwithquestions.

crisis

(pl)-ses转折点，决定性时刻,危机；难关atacrisis/crossroad在紧急关头bring/cometoacrisis使陷入危机faceacrisis面临危局passacrisis渡过危机aneconomiccrisiscuren.Thereisnocureforthef