2021届高中英语二轮复习(大题)3 阅读理解 说明文 含解析

3阅读理解说明文一典【例题全III卷Withtheyoungunableaffordleavehomeandoldatriskisolation(孤独)morefamiliesarechoosingtolivetogether.Thedoorwaytoquiet,forNickBrightleast,leadsstraighttomother-in-law,whoongroundfloor,whilehelivesupstairswithhiswifetheirtwodaughters.Fouryearsagotheyallmovedintoathree-storeyVictorianhouseinBristoloneofagrowingnumberofmultigenerationalfamiliesintheUKlivingtogetherunderroof.Theysharefrontdoorandmachine,butWhiteheadherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomonthegroundfloatedideatomymumofsharinghouse,saysKathrynWhitehead.RitacutswithNickbecauseIthink’sabigthingforNicktolivewithhismother-in-law.AndwhatdoesNickthink?“Frommystandpoint,itseemstoverywell.WouldIit?Yes,IthinkIwould.”’stoexactlyhowmanypeopleagreehim,researchindicatesthenumbershaverisingfortime.Officialreportssuggestthatthenumberofhouseholdsthreegenerationslivingtogetherrisenfrom325,0002002to419,000in2013.Othervarietiesofmultigenerationalfamilyaremorecommon.peoplelivewiththeirelderlyparents;manymoreadultchildrenarereturningtofamilyhome,iftheyeverleft.Itsaidthatabout25-34-year-oldslivewiththeirparents,comparedwith1991.ThetotalnumberallmultigenerationalhouseholdsinBritainthoughtbe1.8million.Storieslikethataremorecommoninpartsofworldwheremultigenerationallivingisfirmlyrooted.InIndia,particularlyoutsidecities,youngexpectedmoveinwiththeirhusband’sfamilywhentheygetmarried.28.WhomainlyusesgroundfloortheVictorianhouseBristol?A.Nick.B.Rita.C.KathrynD.Thedaughters.29.attitudetowardssharingthehismother-in-law?A.Positive.B.Carefree.C.Tolerant.D.Unwilling.30.theauthorstatementaboutmultigenerationalfamilybasedon?A.traditions.C.Publishedstatistics.

B.Financialreports.D.Publicopinions.

31.thetextmainlyabout?A.Lifestylesdifferentcountries.B.Conflictsgenerations.C.housinginBritain.D.risingoflivinginUK.【案1.B2.A3.C4.D【析这是一篇新闻道。短文报道了在英国，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老人又甚感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起，出了多世同堂的现象。1.细节理解题。根据第三段butRitaWhiteheadhasherownkitchen,bathroom,bedroomandlivingroomtheground”知，但Rita在楼有自己的厨房、室、卧室和客厅。由此可知Rita布里斯托尔的维利亚式住宅中占用一楼。故选项2.推理判断题。根据第五段“Fromstandpoint,itseemstoverywell.WouldIrecommendYes,IthinkIwould.”知，尼克对和和岳母合住房子的态度是积极的。A3.细节理解题。第六段提到官方告显示，三代同堂的家庭数量从2002年32.5万加到2013年41.9万户。第七段则说25-34岁年轻人中有20%母住在一起，而1991年一比例为据估计，国多代同堂的家庭总数约为180此知者于多世同堂家庭的论述是基于发布的统计数据C。4.主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其据第一段可知，由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人又感孤独，越来越多的家庭选择住在一起。所短文主要是关于英国该种生活方式的一种上升趋势。故D项。二模练(一)societiesdevelopedfoodpreferencesbasedonwhatwasavailableandwhatthegroupdecidedlikedmost.Thosepreferencesthenpassedalongsociallylearnedbehaviors,values,knowledgeandcustomsthatmakeupculture.Besidesmanyothersocialanimalsarebelievedtoexhibitformscultureinvariousways,too.Infact,accordingtonewstudyledbyHarvardscientistLiranSamuni,bonobos(倭猩,ofclosestlivingrelatives,couldbethelatestadditionthelist.TheresearchersstudiedhuntingandfeedinghabitsoftwoneighboringgroupsofbonobosinDemocraticRepublicofCongo.Analyzingthedata,theysawmanysimilaritiesintheofthetwobonobogroups—theEkalakalaandtheKokoalongo.TheyalsotheaccessandopportunitytohuntthesameofThis,however,ispreciselyresearchersnoticedstrikingdifference.Thegroupsconsistentlypreferredtoandfeastontwodifferenttypesofprey.Ekalakalagroupwentafterananomalure尾松鼠.TheKokoalongogrouponthehand,favoreda小羚羊).

“Itbasicallyliketwohumanculturesexploitingacommonresourceindifferentways,”saysSamuni.abouttwocultureslivingcloseeachotherhavingdifferentpreferences:Onepreferschickenwhileotherismoreabeef-eatingculture.Usingstatisticalmodeling,theresearchersfoundthattheonlyvariablethatcouldreliablypredictpreypreferencewaswhetherthehuntersEkalakalaKokoalongo.Theresearchershaven'tyetinvestigatedhowbonobogroupslearnedthishuntingpreference,butthroughtheiranalysistheyabletoruleoutecologicalfactorsorgeneticdifferences.Basically,itmeansallevidencepointstowardthisbeingalearnedsocialbehavior.“Ifourclosestlivingrelativeshavesomeculturaltraits(),thenlikelyourancestorsalreadyhadsomecapacityforculture,”says.5.doparagraphs3and4mainlytalkabout?A.findingsofthestudy.B.backgroundofthestudy.C.processofstudy.D.challengesdoingthestudy.6.HowdoesSamuniperceivethetwogroups’differenthuntingpreferences?A.areunusualphenomenon.B.arealearnedsocialbehavior.C.contradicthumancultures.D.bonobos’highintelligence.7.ofthefollowingcouldinfluencethebonobos'preypreference?A.timingofhunting.B.theybelongto.C.Theirhuntingtechniques.D.Theirsurroundingenvironment.8.mightthefindingsofthebonobos'huntingpreferenceindicate?A.humansocietyborn.B.Howhumansocietydeveloped.C.Whathelpedhumanculturechange.D.Howhumanculturefirstappeared.【案5.A6.7.【析这是一篇明文章了哈佛大学科学家Samuni领导的一项新研究黑可能是

我们现存的最亲密的亲戚之一，且对其进行研究观察，来证明这一种习得的社会行为。5．主旨大意题。根据文章第三TheresearchersstudiedthehuntingandfeedinghabitsoftwoneighboringgroupsofbonobosintheDemocraticRepublic研人研究了刚果民主共和国两个相邻的倭黑猩猩群体的狩猎和进食习惯。和文章第段Thegroupsconsistentlypreferredtohuntfeastondifferenttypesofprey.Ekalakalagroupwentafterananomalure(鳞松鼠.TheKokoalongogroupthehand,favoredaduiker(羚)这组动物一直喜欢捕食两不同类型的猎物拉组寻找一个鳞尾松鼠，科科阿隆戈部落更喜欢小羚羊。知，文章第三段和第四段主要讲述了研究的发现。故A。6断题章这本上就像是两种人文化以不同的方式开发同一种资源说“两种文化，虽然相距很近但却有着不同的偏好：一种更喜欢吃鸡肉，而另一种则更喜欢牛肉章倒数第二段研究人员还没有调查倭黑猩猩群体是如了解这种狩猎偏好的，但通过分析，他们能够排除生态因素或遗传差异。基本上，这味着所有的证据都表明这是一种习得的社会行为。可知认两个倭黑猩猩群体不同的狩猎偏好是种习得的社会行为。故7．推理判断题。根据文章第六利统计模型，研究人员发现，唯一能可靠预测猎物偏好的变量猎人是埃卡拉卡拉队还是科科阿隆戈。可知，它们所属的群体会影响倭黑猩猩的猎物偏好。故B8．理判断题。根据文章第一第一句

societiesdevelopedfoodpreferencesbasedonwhatwasavailableandwhatthedecideditlikedmost人会的食物偏好是建立在现有食物和群体最喜欢的食物的基础上的。和文章最后一段Ifourclosestlivingrelativeshavesomecultural特),thenit'slikelyourancestorsalreadyhadcapacityforculture如我们现存的近亲有一些文化特征，那么很可能我们的祖先经有了一些文化能力。可推知，倭黑猩猩猎偏好的发现可能表明人类文化最初是如何出现的。故D(二)Masksthathelpedsaveduringthecoronaviruspandemic(流)areprovingadeadlydangerforwildlife,withbirdsandmarinecreaturestrappedintheincredibleofabandonedfacialcoveringslitteringanimalhabitats.Single-usesurgicalmaskshavefoundaroundpavements,waterwaysandbeachesworldwidesincecountriesbegandemandingtheirinpublicplacestoslowthepandemic'sspread.猕)havespottedchewingthestraps(子)offoldanddesertedmasksMalaysiaapotentialchokingdangerformonkeys.AndinincidentthatcapturedheadlinesBritain,鸥wasrescuedincityChelmsfordafteritslegstangled（结instrapsofdisposablemasktoaTheanimalwelfarecharitywasalertedafterbirdspottedmotionlessbutstillalive,andtheyittoawildlifehospitalfortreatmentbeforeitsrelease.Thebiggestmayinthewater.Morethanl.5billiontheirwayintotheworld'soceanslastyear.Accountingforaround6,200extratonsofmarineplasticpollution,accordingtoenvironmentalgroupOceansAsia.AlreadytheresignsthatmasksareworseningthreatstomarineConservationistsinBrazilinsidethe

stomachofapenguinafteritsbodywaswasheduponabeach,whileadeadpufferfish(河)discoveredcaughtinsideanotheroffthecoastofMiami.Masksglovesare“particularlyproblematic”forsea，saysGeorgeLeonard,chiefscientistU.S.-basedNGOOceanConservancy."Whentakesthoseplasticshundredsofyearstobreakdowntheenvironment,theyformsmallerandsmallerparticles,"headded,"thoseparticlesthenenterthefoodchainandimpactentireecosystems."Fortunately,therehasbeenshifttowardsgreaterofreusableclothmasksasthehaswornbutarestillchoosingthelightersingle-varieties.Campaignershaveurgedpeoplethrowawaythemproperlyandremovethestrapstoreducetheriskanimalstrapped.Asiahasalsocalledontoincreasefinesforlitteringandencouragetheuseofwashablemasks.9.roleplayduringthecoronaviruspandemic?A.peoplefreeoftheB.makepeoplemoremysterious.C.helpreducethespeedofpandemic'sspread.D.areofgreathelpfulwildlife.10.authorusestheexampleofMacaquesandagulltoshowthatA.thedesertedmasksputindangerB.theanimalslackenoughfoodC.theyenjoyplayingwithstrapsD.forpeopletoprotecttheanimals11.does“particularlyproblematic”inPara.4meanbyLeonard?A.Marinecreaturesintrouble.B.gloveswillfinallythreatenthewholeecosystems.C.plasticseasybreakdown.D.particlesmasksandglovesaresmallerandsmaller.12.thepassageismainlyabout?A.AnimalprotectionB.plasticpollutionC.HowreducetheriskofabandonedmasksD.desertedendangeringwildlife【案9.C10.A11.B12.D【析本文是一篇说文型冠状病毒大流行病帮助拯救生命的口大量地散落在动

物栖息地，正被证明是野生动物海洋生物的致命危险。9．细节理解题。根据文章第一第一句thathelpedsavelivesduringthecoronaviruspandemic(流病)areprovingadeadlydangerforwildlife在状病毒大流行期口罩帮助拯救生命和第二段最后一句toslowthepandemic'sspread流行病的蔓延。可知口罩有助于减缓大流行的传播速度。故项10判断题据段提从国开始要求在公共场所使用一次性外科口罩来减缓这种行病的蔓延以来各地的人行道道海滩都发现了一次性外科口罩猴嚼口罩带子存在息危险只海鸥（海鸥)的腿在一次性口罩的带子上缠住长达一周，可推得出遗弃的口罩使野生动物面临危险。故选A项．判断题。由第四段Whenittakesthoseplasticshundredsofyearstobreakdowntheenvironment,theyformsmallerandsmallerparticles,headded,“thoseparticlesthenenterthefoodchainandimpactentireecosystems.这塑需百年的时间在环境中分解，们会形成越来越小的颗粒，他补充说，这些颗粒随后进入食物链，影响整个生态系统可知，口罩和手套最终会威胁到整个生态系统。故B项12旨大意题据一段Masksthathelpedlivesduringthecoronaviruspandemicareprovingadeadlydangerforwildlife,withbirdsmarinecreaturestrappedtheincrediblenumberofabandonedfacialcoveringslitteringonanimalhabitats.事明，在冠状病大流行期间曾帮助拯救生命的口罩对野生动物来说是一种致命的危险量遗弃的面部覆物在动物栖息地随处散落类海洋生物受到威胁以要是关于废弃的口罩危及野生动物。故选D。(三)Astheeffectsofclimatechangebecomemoredisastrous,well-knownresearchinstitutionsandgovernmentagenciesarefocusingnewmoneyandattentiononidea:artificiallycoolingtheplanet,inthehopesbuyinghumanitymoretimetocutgreenhousegasemissions.Thatstrategy,calledsolarclimateintervention)orsolargeoengineering,involvesreflectingofsunenergybackintospaceabruptlyreducingglobaltemperaturesinathatimitatestheeffectsofcloudsflowingoutfromthevolcaniceruptions.Theideaconsideredasadangerousandfanciedsolution,onethatwouldencouragepeopletoburningfossilfuelswhileexposingtheplanettounexpectedandpotentiallythreateningsideeffects,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresfloodsotherdisasters.But,globalcontinues,producingmoredestructivehurricanes,wildfiresandotherdisasters,someresearchersandpolicyexpertsthatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedtheimperativebetterunderstandit,caseconsequenceofclimatebecometerribletheworldcanforbettersolutions.Onewaytocooltheearthbyinjectingaerosols气溶胶)intoupperlayeroftheatmospherewherethoseparticlesreflectsunlightawayfromtheearth.Thatprocessworks,accordingtoMacMartin,aresearcher

CornellUniversity.knowcertaintywecancooltheplanet,”hesaidaninterview.What’sstillunclear,headded,iswhathappensnext.Temperature,MacMartinsaid,anindicatorforalotofclimateeffects.doesittostrengthofhurricanes?asked,“Whatdoestoagricultureproduction?doesitdototheriskoffires?AnotherinstitutionbyNationalScienceFoundationwillanalyzehundredsofsimulationsaerosolinjection,testingeffectsonweatherextremesaroundtheworld.goaloftheresearchtolooksweetspot:theofartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternsorsimilarimpacts.13．Whyresearchersgovernmentagenciescoolingtheearth?Apreventnaturaldisasters.C．imitatevolcaniceruptions.

B．moretimetoreducegasemissions.Dencouragemorepeopleburfossil14．Whatresearchersworriedaboutintermsofglobalwarming?A．volcanoeswillout.BMoresolarenergywillgointospace.CMoredisasterswillendangerthefutureoftheworld.DPeoplewillkeepburningfossiltokeepwarm.15．WhatcanbeinferredfromDouglas’ininterview?AHethinksresearchremainsbeB．optimisticabouteffectofcoolingtheearth.C．concernedaboutthereductionagricultureproduction.DHedisapprovesofthepracticeofclimateintervention.16．Whattheunderlinedwords“sweetspotinthelastparagraphATherainfallpatternofaregion.B．droptemperature.C．ofextremeweatherevents.DTheinjectionamountofaerosol.【案13.B14.C15.16.【析这是一篇说文章要述球候化各种灾难性的天气和关研究机构提出的各种可能的应对办法。13细节理解题根第一段提着变化的影响变得更加严重研究机构和政府机正把新的资金和注意力集中在一个想法地温赢得更多时间来减少温室气体放研究者和政府机构给地球降温是了赢得更多的时间来减少温室气体的排放。故项

14理判断题第三段someresearchersandpolicyexpertsthatconcernsaboutgeoengineeringshouldbeoutweighedbyimperativebetterunderstandincasetheconsequenceofclimatechangebecometerriblethatworldcanforbetter一研究人员和政策专家表示，当务之急是更好了解地球工程，这比对地球工程的担忧更重要化的后果变得如此可怕界不能等待更好的解决案研究者担心全球变暖造成的各种难可能会让未来的世界处于危险中。故C项15．推理判断题。根据第五“Whatitdotothestrengthhurricanes?”heasked,“Whatdoesdotoagricultureproduction?Whatdoesitdototheriskoffires?”他：它飓的度什影？对生产有什么影响？它对森林火灾风险有什么影响”可知认有很多问没有解开还很多研究有待去做。故选A项16．词句猜测题。根据划线词所句Oneofresearchtolooksweetspot:theamountartificialcoolingthatcanreduceextremeweathereventswithoutcausingbroaderchangesinregionalrainfallpatternssimilarimpacts.项研究的目标之一是寻找一“佳点”降温的数量，既可以减少极端天气事件，又不会造成区域降雨模式的广泛变化或类似响。可知，这里佳指的是，人工降温要适度，既可以解决气候变带来的极端天气，又不会给气候成太大的影响，因“asweetspot的是适度的降温。故选B项(四)Chinasuccessfullysentthe52ndand53rdsatellitesofitsdomesticallydevelopedBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS)—thelastmediumEarthorbitsatellitesfortheBDS-3constellation(星)—intospaceonMonday,thecompletionofglobalnavigationsystemcoreconstellation)andthisyear’sBDSsatellitelaunchcampaign.LaunchedfromXichangSatelliteLaunchCenter,SichuanProvince,onboardaMarch-3BcarrierrocketanExpedition-1upperstage,thetwosatelliteswereinjectedplannedorbitsaftermorethanhoursflight.Sincefirstsatellitewaslaunchedon5,2017,Chinahasconducted18satellitelaunchmissions,successfullysendingintoplannedorbit,settinganationalrecordforhighestmissionfrequencyandsuccessrate.In-orbittestswillcarriedoutbeforetheMEOsatellitesarecommissioned(式委托.BytheconstellationfortheChineseglobalnavigationsatellitesystemwillbesuccessfullycompleted.Ping,chiefdesigneroftheBDS-3system,saidthatthehybridconstellationdesign,inthreeofsatellites—theInclinedGeoSynchronousOrbit(IGSO),andgeosynchronousorbit(GEO)—workinconcertindifferentexclusiveinnovationa“Existingglobalnavigationsatellitesystems,suchtheUSGPSandRussia’sGLONASS,onlyaMEOsatelliteconstellation,saidWang.Thesatellites,inorbit20,000kilometersEarth,areaspecialtypeofsatelliteprovidingglobalservice,whileandsatellites,inanorbit360,000kilometersaboveEarth,mainlyenhanceregionalservicequality,

accordingtoWang.ThatexplainedwhycompletionofMEOconstellationwassignificant,thecompletionofthenetworkforBDS-3,meaningaBDS-3globalcoveragewithoutweakpointscarriedout.FeedbackshowsthattheBDSservicequalitywasalreadycomparablesinceof2018,aftercompletingBDS-3,willgoodasWangsaid.17．manysatelliteswereintotheirplannedorbitsuccessfully?A3.B18.C30.D36.18．What’sadvantageofcomparedwithandGLONASS?AThediversefunctions.B．excellentservicequality.C．lowercostofdesigningit.DTheabilityworkindifferentorbits.19．WhytheMEOsatellitesimportant?ATheyenhanceregionalservicequality.B．Theybeputintouseimmediately.C．Theyenterorbits.DTheyserveworld.20．WhatmaythetheAChinatheFirstCountryLaunchaMEOSatelliteB．ConstellationDeploymentC．BDS-3BenefitedManyCountriesDExploringIsVeryImportanttothe【案17.C18.D19.20.B【析本文是说明章述中国成功发射自主研发的第和53北斗导航卫成全球导航系统的核心部署，并对北斗导航系进行了介绍。17．细节理解题。根据第三自然中SincefirstBDS-3satellitelaunchedonNovember5,2017,Chinahasconducted18satellitelaunchmissions,successfullysending30intoplanned自年11日发射第一颗北斗三号卫星以来，国已成功执行18次斗星任务，将30卫星送入计划道。可知，已经有30颗卫星被送入计轨道。故选。18．细节理解题。根据第三自然…thehybridconstellationdesign,inthreeofsatellites—theInclinedGeoSynchronousOrbit(IGSO),MEOgeosynchronousorbit(GEO)—workinconcertindifferentorbits,wasexclusiveBDSinnovation…倾斜地球步轨(IGSO)、卫(MEO)和同步(Geo)三组卫星在不同轨道协同工作的混星设计，是北斗系统的独家创新xistingglobalnavigationsatellitesystems,

suchtheUSGPSandRussia’sGLONASS,onlyaMEOsatellite有的全球卫导航系统，如美国的GPS和俄罗斯的，有中轨卫星。可知，只有北斗拥有不同轨道协同作能力。故选。19．细节理解题。根据第六自然中Thesatellites,inorbit20,000kilometersEarth,areaspecialtypeofsatelliteprovidingglobalservice,whiletheIGSOandGEOsatellites,inanorbit360,000kilometersaboveEarth,mainlyenhanceregionalservicequality,accordingtoWang.ThatexplainedwhycompletionofMEOconstellationwassignificant.据王介绍，在地球上空2万里轨道上运行的星是提供全球务的特殊卫星类型，而在地球上空36万里上运的IGSO和GEO卫主高区域服务质量。这就解了M星的成为何意义重大。可知MEO卫提全,义重大。故选D20．主旨大意题。根据第一段successfullysentthe52nd53rdsatellitesofdomesticallydevelopedBeiDouNavigationSatelliteSystem(BDS)—thelasttwomediumEarthorbit(MEO)satellitesfortheconstellation(星座)spaceonMonday,markingthecompletionoftheglobalnavigationsystem’scoreconstellationdeployment(部)andthisyearBDSsatellitelaunchcampaign.国于本周一功地将其国内研制的北斗导航卫星系统）第52颗颗星BDS-3星后两颗中轨卫星）送入太空，标志着全球导航系统的核心星座部署和今的北斗导航卫星的完成启动活动。所以短文的最佳标题“BDS-3的星座完成部署”故选。(五)Iftheworldwantstocontrolglobalwarming,watershortageandpollution,thenwealltowelcome“flexitariandiets,sayscientists.Thismeanseatingmainlyplant-basedakeysteptowardanenvironmentfriendlyfutureforin2050,theysay.Foodwastewillneedtobehalvedadfarmingpracticeswillalsotoimprove,accordingthearidoutbytheIntergovernmentalPanelonClimateChange(IPCC).Withoutaction,influencethesystemcouldincreasebyto90%Theauthorsthatpresentfoodindustryhasnumberofconsiderableenvironmentaleffectsincludingbeingagreatdriverofclimatechange,usingupfreshwaterandcausingpollutionthroughuseofchemicalfertilizer.Thestudysaysthatthankstopopulationincomegrowthexpected20102050,theseeffectscouldgrowbetween50-90%.Thiscouldourworldisplanetaryboundaries,theauthorssayrepresenta“safeoperatingspaceforhumanitytheinternationalcommunity”.However,thestudyfindsthatnosinglesolutionwillavoidthedangers,approachneeded.Sowhenitcomestoclimatechange,theauthorslookedtheycalleda“flexitarian”diet.caneatahealthydiestheyhaveincommon,accordingtolatestscientificevidence,isarerelativelyplant-based,”saidDr.MarcofromtheUniversityof“YoucangofromdietthathassmallamountsofanimalproductsmightitaMediterranean-baseddiet;weitflexitariandiet)over

to素的diet—wetriedstaythemosttraditionalofthesewhichinistheflexitarianone,buteventhishasonlyservingofredperweek.Ifthemovedtothistype