人教版新课标2019-2020学年选修六第五单元Unit5Thepowerofnature单元综合测评含答案详解

Unit5thepowerofnature单元综合测评（时间：100分钟分值:120分）选择题部分I.阅读理解（共两节，满分35分）第一节（共10小题;每小题2.5分，满分25分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAvalanches（雪崩）areoneofthosenaturaldisastersthatcancausegreatdamageandonlyMotherNatureknowswhenandwherethey'regoingtooccur.Evenwithmoderntechnologyit 'sstillimpossibletoknowexactlywhenorwhereoneisgoingtooccur.Mountainclimbersarewisetobecareful,asavalancheskillmanyofthemeachyear.Thephysicsofhowandwhyanavalancheoccursiscomplex.Therearetimesofhigherprobability.Duringtheyear,thetransitionfromwintertospringwillcausesomesnowandicetomelt,whichmaytriggeravalanches.Alsoatdaybreakthereisahigherprobabilityduetothetemperaturechange.Whileclimbershikeupslopes（斜坡）,somedistancebetweentheclimbersshouldbekept.Ifanavalancheoccurs,thentherewillbefewerliveslostandahigherprobabilitythatsomeonewillbeabletoseekhelp.Sinceanaccidentismorelikelytohappenwhenatoplayerofsnowisloose,avoidareaswhereheavysnoworrainhasrecentlyoccurred.Trytochooseareasthatyouarefamiliarwithandstayinareaswithrocks,bushesandtrees.Treesandbushesallowsnowtopileupandkeepthelayersstable（稳定的）.Ifanavalancheoccurs,treeswilltaketheimpactofthesnow,sothereisabetterchanceofbeingsafe.Climbersmustalsopayattentiontothedegreeoftheslope.Avalancheswon 'toccuronlevgroundandthereislittlesnowfallonverysteepareas.Thegreatestdangerisinareaswheretheslopeisbetween25and40degrees.Rememberthat,ifyougetstuckinanavalanche,thereisnocarhireavailabletotakeyoutothenearestairport..Whatdoweknowfromthefirstparagraph?A.Manymountainclimbersdieofavalancheseachyear.B.Ofallthenaturaldisasters,avalanchescausethegreatestdamage.C.Mostclimberswhomeetavalanchesdiefornotpayingenoughattentiontoavalanches.D.Withthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,avalanchescannowbepredictedexactly..Theunderlinedwordatrigger"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans". ”A.makeuseof B.resultinC.putanendto D.slowdowntwouldn'tbeagoodideaforaclimbertowhileclimbingamountain.A.keepsomedistancefromotherclimbersB.avoidareaswhereheavysnoworrainhasrecentlyoccurredC.chooseareasthatheorsheisfamiliarwithD.climbupaslopewhichisbetween25and40degreesThegroundwewalkonseemsfirm,butdeepundertheearthandundertheseatherockschangeandmove.Insomepartsoftheworldthereare“firemountains"whichwecallvolcanoes.Fromtimetotimetheyburstopenandthrowoutfireandburningash.Thesevolcanoesareverydangerous.HongKongdoesnothaveanyvolcanoesbuttherearemanyinIndonesiaandthePhilippines.ThereisalsoafamousmountainnearTokyo,Japan,whichisavolcanotoo.ItsnameisMountFuji.Formuchoftheyear,itiscoveredwithsnow.OneofthemostfamousvolcanoeswhicheruptedinrecenttimeswasKrakatoa,onanislandinIndonesia.Thefirstexplosions（爆发）tookplaceon20thMay,1883,butthebigeruptiondidnotcomeuntilthe26thand27thAugustofthatyear.Thepeopleontheislandwereusedtotheexplosionsbythattime,andsotheywerecompletelyunpreparedforthisterriblehappening.Almostallthepeopleontheislanddiedandtheexplosionalsomadehugewavesinthesea,whichdrowned（淹死）manypeopleontheotherislandnearby.Aftertheeruptionwasover,peoplesawthatthewholenorthernpartoftheislandhadcompletelydisappeared.Scientistssaythat15cubic（立方的）kilometresofrocksandashwerethrownupintheexplosion.Thenoiseoftheexplosionwasheardnearly5,000kilometresawayinthemiddleoftheIndianOcean,andthecityofJakartawascompletelydarkforabouttwoandahalfhours..Therearemanyvolcanoes.A.everywhereintheworldB.undertheearthandthesea C.inHongKongD.inIndonesia.MountFujiisfamousjustbecause.A.itiscoveredwithsnowformuchoftheyearB.itisavolcanoC.itisnearTokyoD.itisinJapan6.ThepeoplenearKrakatoawereunpreparedwhenithaditsbiggestexplosionbecausepeoplethere.A.hadnevermetanyexplosionsofthevolcanobeforeB.wereusedtotheexplosionsofthevolcanobythattimeC.didn'twanttoleavetheirislandD.coulddonothingbutwaitCAreyouamorningperson?Youmightnotlikethefindingsinthisnewresearch.Fromalackofairanddrinkingwatertosolarradiation,theoreticalMarspioneersfaceanynumberofpotentialobstaclestosettlingontheredplanet.Now,scientistshavefoundsomethingelsetoaddtothelist:seriouslymessed-upbiologicalclocks.OnedayonMars—whichscientistsrefertoasthesolarday,or is37minutessonger—thanadayonEarth.AteamofEuropeanscientistsrecentlydemonstratedwhythatcouldbeaproblem.Circadianrhythmsarethebody'saturalcyclesofrestandwaking,whichtendtofollowroughly24-hourlight-darkcycles.Thesenaturalrhythms—whichplayaroleinbiologicalfunctionsincludingbrainwaveactivityandhormoneproduction—canbeinterruptedbythingslikejetlag（时差）andnightshiftwork.Forthestudy,theresearcherscomparedmicewithhealthy,24-hourcircadianclockstomicewithageneticchangethatcausedthemtohaveshorter,20-hourcircadianclocks.Themicewithhealthybiologicalclocksweremorelikelytosurviveandreproduce,whilethemicewithshorterbiologicalclocksweremorelikelytodieoff.Whatdoesthisallhavetodowithspacetravel?SincetheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth,peoplewithshortercircadianclockscouldsufferfromhealthproblemsastheytrytoadapttotherotationalspeedoftheredplanet.Unfortunately,thebodyisunlikelytoadapttothenewconditionsor“learnto“developalongerclock.AsLoudonexplained, “Learningisnotalikelyoption. ”Inotherwords:sorry,super-earlyrisers—NASAmightnotwantyouforthenextMarsmission.7.Fromthepassage,peoplecanfacethefollowingtroubleslivingonMarsEXCEPT.A.absenceofairB.alotoffiercecreaturesC.lackofdrinkingwaterD.messed-upbiologicalclocks8.Accordingtoscientists,howlongdoesonedayonMarslast?24hours.23hoursand23minutes.24hoursand37minutes.12hoursand37minutes.9.HowdidtheresearchersstudywhateffectlivingonMarshasonsleep?Bycomparingdifferentmice.Byanalysingcomputerdata.Byexperimentsinspaceships.Byobservingandjudging.10.LifeonMarswouldseriouslymessupyoursleepbecause.thebrainwaveactivitywillbeinterruptedthebody'snaturalcyclescanbeshortenedhormoneproductionwillhurtbiologicalfunctionstheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth第二节（共5小题每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Long,longagopeoplecouldn'twriteandtheyhadnobooks.Buttheyhadstories.Peoplelearnedthestoriesbyheartandtaughtnewonestooneanother.Sometimesitwashardtorememberthemall.11TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus（纸莎草）plants.PeopleinotherplaceslearnedtousepapyrusfromtheEgyptians.12Soparchment（羊皮2氏），madefromgoatskin,latertookitsplace.InancientChinabookslookedalittledifferent.Atthattime,peoplethereusedinktowriteonbambooorsilk.Andthentheyinventedpaper.Madeoftrees,paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.13Paper-makinglaterspreadtotheWest,buttherewasabigproblemwiththeseearlybooks.Everysingleonehadtobecopiedandwrittenbyhand.Theycarved（雕亥U）apageofwordsintoapieceofwoodorstone.Theycouldthenprintthepagebyspreadinginkonthewoodorstoneandputtingitagainstpaper.ButitwasnuntilaGermanprinterinventedmovable,metallettersthatbooksbecamefastandeasytomake.Theletterscouldbeusedtoprintcopyaftercopy,andthelettersputtogetheragainandagaintoprintdifferentpagesofwords.Oncealuxury（奢侈品）onlytherichcouldbuy,theysoonbecameatreasureeveryonecouldenjoy.A.ButpapyrusgrewmainlyinEgypt.B.Ittookyearstofinishmakingjustonebook.C.Finallybookscouldbeprintedbythethousands.D.Thingsgrewalittleeasierwhenwritingwasinvented.E.Itssurfacewassmootherandbetterforwritingontoo.F.BooksintheWestdidn'tchangeforalongtimeafterthat.G.TheChinesewerethefirsttothinkofawaytospeedthingsupalittle.n.完形填空（共20小题;每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的 A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。HeavyrainandatyphoonhavecausedtheworstfloodinginThailand（泰国）inmorethan50years.Thefloodhas16sevenoftheAsiancountry's50districts,killingnearly400peopleandcausing17 110,000toleavetheirhomes.Floodinghasalready18oneofBangkok'twoairports.Butthemain19isthattheChaoPhrayaRiver,whichflowsright20themetropolis（大者B市），willseverelyfloodthecitywhenhightides（潮汐）happen.OnSaturday,thetideinBangkok,thecapitalofThailand,isexpectedtobe8.5feet21.Thatwouldtopthe8.2-foot-tallfloodwalls（防洪堤）22alargepartoftheinnercity.Thefloodwallsaren'tmeant23somuchwaterforthislong,andthegovernmentisworriedthatmajorbarrierscould24.Toprepareforpossiblyheavierflooding,25Buddhistmonksarecreatingafloodwallaroundthe200-year-oldTempleofDawn 26pilinghundredsofsandbags.PhramahaAbhin,a42-year-oldmonk,saidhedidn't27 thewaterwouldgethighenoughtocauseseriousproblems.28,themonkshavetoprotectthetemplejustincasethewater29goup.Monksaren'ttheonlyonesgngti30.Bangkok'scitizensarebeginningtostorefoodandwater,and31somepeoplehavebeenbuyingbrightorangelifejacketsandotherthings.mployeesattheshopsaidtheyhadsoldover3,000 32inthelastweek.Someofthebuyersneedthemtogettotheirfloodedhomeoutsidethecapital,33manyroadsareunderwater.Officialssaythefloodhasalreadycaused$6billion'34tothecountry.ButthatamountcoulddoubleifthewaterfloodsBangkok.35thecitizenshavebeenabletomanageBangkok'sfloodingsofar,theymaynotbeabletoholdonformuchlonger..A.equippedB.providedC.suppliedD.covered.A.otherB.moreC.anotherD.theother.A.stoppedB.closedC.delayedD.opened.A.worry B.luckC.wishD.aim.A.throughB.acrossC.overD.above.A.deep B.wideC.highD.long.A.keepingB.protecting

C.damaging D.preventing.A.absorb B.removeC.destroyD.handle.A.disappearB.settleC.completeD.break.A.agreatdealofB.manyaC.dozensof.A.agreatdealofB.manyaC.dozensof.A.with B.for.A.think B.suggestC.want.A.HoweverB.ThereforeD.largeamountsof

C.by D.atD.adviseC.Otherwise D.Besides.A.canB.needC.shouldD.must.A.worriedB.readyC.anxiousD.eager.A.even B.ever C.nearlyD.never.A.carsB.bikesC.trucksD.boats.A.where B.whichC.that D.what.A.lossB.injuryC.harmD.ruin.A.SinceB.As C.WhenD.While非选择题部分m.语法填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。AbriefintroductiontoGandhiMohandasGandhi(1869—1948),anIndiannationalhero,washonoured36.thefatheroftheIndiannation.HehasbeenrespectedandbelovedbytheIndians.HewasborninIndiain1869.Followingthelocalcustom,hegot37.(marry)attheageof13.In1888hesailedtoEngland,38.hestudiedlawforthreeyearsandbecamealawyer.OnhisreturntoIndia,hewassenttoSouthAfricatoworkonalawcase.InSouthAfricahewas39.(surprise)tofindthattheproblemofracialdiscrimination(种族歧视)wasserious.Thereheformedanorganizationandstartedamagazinetofight40.equalrights.GandhireturnedtoIndiain1915,41.IndiawascontrolledbytheBritish.HeledtheIndianstofightforanendtotheBritishruleand(depend)forhiscountry.InthepoliticalmovementmanyIndiansincludingGandhiwereputinprison.43.,thestrugglesneverstopped.TheBritishgovernmenthadtogive44.andIndiawonitsindependencein1947.45.(fortunate)GandhiwasshotbyanIndianwhoopposedhisviewsanddiedonJanuary30th,1948.W.写作(共两节，满分40分)第一节应用文写作(满分15分)假定你是李华，作为交换生(anexchangestudent)正在英国WindmillCollege学习。今天早晨你骑车上学时不小心刮擦到了一辆停在路边的汽车。由于急着上学 ，你无法在原地等候车主。请留一张便条，内容包括：.表明身份；.简述事情经过；.道歉并表示愿意赔偿；.联系方式(Tel:5893671E-mail:Lihua@)。注意：1.词数80左右；2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。第二节读后续写（满分25分）阅读下面短文根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。Susie'scompositionSusieSmithcamehomefromschooloneday,andhadnosoonerenteredthesittingroomthansheburstintotears. "Whatisthematter,mydearchihermother,draWinsaidrdaughtertohersideandsmiling.“Ohmother,matterenough,“sobbedSusie."Allourclassmustbringincompositionstomorrowmorning,andInever,nevercanwriteone.Wemustwritetwelvelinesatleast,andIhavewrittenonlyafewwordsaftertryingnearlyalltheafternoon.SeewhatworkIhavemadeofit!”MrsSmithtooktherumpled（弄皱的）,tear-stainedpaperwhichSusieheldinherhand,andglancedatwhatshehadwritten.Inacarefulhandshehadtriedtowriteuponthreethemes:"Time" "Temperances^）"and"Industry（）”.“Timeisshort.Weshouldallimproveourtime. "TTemperanceisaveryusefulthing.shouldallbeindustriousifwewishtodoanythingintheworld. "Thesesentenceswereallshewritten.“Now,"saidSusie,"Ican'tthinkofanotherwordtosayuponanyetithects,andIknowIshallhavetogotoschoolwithoutacomposition,forIwon 'tbesomeanastocopyonefromabook,ortoaskyouorPapatowriteoneforme. ”TThatisright,mydear, "saidhermother."Youwillbefarhappierwithapoorcomposition,ifitisallyourown,thanwithafineonewrittenbysomebodyelse.Butcheerup.Youhavenotbegunright—youhavebeentryingtowriteuponsubjectsthatyouknownothingabout.Runintothegardenandplay.Iwillcallyouinhalfanhour. ”BButmycomposition-beganSusie."Don'thinkaboutyourcompositionwhileyouaregone,“saidMrsSmith,“buthaveaspleasantatimeasyoucan. ”ItseemedbutafewminutestoSusiebeforesheheardhermothervoicecallingsher.Shewentintothehouseatonce—herhandsfullofsweetflowers,andhercheeksrosywithexercise.一、/汪后：.所续写短文的词数应为 150左右；.至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语 ；.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好；.续写完成后，请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。Paragraph1:Now,Susie“saidhermother,Iwantyoutositbythewindowandwritesomethingaboutwhatyoucan ”see. Paragraph2:Justasshehadreachedthebottomofthepage,hermothercamein.单元综合测评参考答案I.第一节A【文章大意】 本文介绍了一种自然灾害 ——雪崩的有关情况。.A细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “…avalancheskillmanyofthemeachyear.可知A项正确。.B词义猜测题。第二段主要讲雪崩多发的时间 ，故可以判断冬春季节交替时引起的雪和冰的融化会导致雪崩的发生。3.D细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的 "Thegreatestdangerisinareaswheretheslopeisbetween25and40degrees.可知,25度到40度之间的斜坡是最危险的，故选D项。B【文章大意】 本文以喀拉喀托火山为重点，介绍了火山爆发的一些情况。4.D细节理解题。从第——段第二句 "Insomepartsoftheworldthereare 'firemountains',whicwecallvolcanoes.和第七段第一句 "HongKongdoesnothaveanyvolcanoesbuttherearemanyinIndonesiaandthePhilippines.可知火山并不是到处都有，排除A项和B项;香港没有火山，排除C项。故选D项。5.B细节理解题。从第二段中"ThereisalsoafamousmountainnearTokyo,Japan,whichisavolcanotoo.ItsnameisMountFuji.可知富士山出名主要是因为它是一座火山。6.B细节理解题。从第三段第三句 "Thepeopleontheislandwereusedtotheexplosionsbythattime,andsotheywerecompletelyunpreparedforthisterriblehappening. 可知当地的人们已‘经习惯了之前的多次火山爆发，因此，当最大的爆发发生时，人们没有准备。C【文章大意】本文为说明文，主要介绍了在火星上生活需要面临的生物钟紊乱的问题。7.B细节理解题。根据第二段的描述可知 ，人们在火星上生活会面临缺少空气、饮用水和生物钟将被打乱的问题。全文没有提及火星上存在凶猛的生物。故 B选项正确。.C推理判断题。根据第三段中的 "OnedayonMarswhichscientistsrefertoasthesolarday,or'sol'—is37minuteslongerthanadayonEath.上的一天，也就是科学家们所说的太阳日，比地球上的一天长 37分钟）可知,火星上的一天会持续 24小日37分钟。故C选项正确。.A 细节理解题。根据第五段中的 "Forthestudy,theresearcherscomparedmicewithhealthy,24-hourcircadianclockstomicewithageneticchangethatcausedthemtohaveshorter,20-hourcircadianclocks.在这项研究中，研究人员将健康的、24小时生物钟的老鼠与基因发生变化的老鼠进行了对比，基因发生变化的老鼠的生物钟更短 ，只有20小时）可知，研究人员通过比较不同的老鼠来研究生活在火星上对睡眠的影响。故A选项正确。.D推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的 "SincetheMartiansolislongerthanadayonEarth,peoplewithshortercircadianclockscouldsufferfromhealthproblemsastheytrytoadapttotherotationalspeedoftheredplanet. 由于火星上的十天比地球上的一天长 ，生物钟较短的人在试图适应这颗红色星球的转速时 ，可能会出现健康问题）可推知，火星上的生活将严重干扰你的睡眠，因为火星上的一天比地球上的一天长。故D选项正确。第二节【文章大意】这是一篇说明文 ,文章讲述了书的发展史 ,包括纸的演变、 如何更快地复印等方面。.D根据第二段第一句“TheancientEgyptianswrotetheirstoriesonsomethingmadefrompapyrus(纸莎草 )plants.可知”,古埃及人把他们的故事写在用纸莎草这种植物制作的东西上。空处在承接第一段的内容的同时引起第二段的内容 ,故选 D。.A根据前文可知,由于纸莎草做的东西可以用来记录故事 ,所以其他地方的人也想采用这种方法;后文又提到一种羊皮纸 ,说它后来取代了纸莎草纸 ,说明其他地方的人得到纸莎草不容易,才会选择替代物,故选A。.E根据前一句“Madeoftrees,paperwaseasierandcheapertomakethanpapyrusorparchment.可知”,用树木制成的纸 ,相比莎草纸和羊皮纸更加便宜和容易制作。所以这一段是在讲用树木制作的纸的特点,故选E。.G这一空为段首的句子。结合整段内容可知,这一段是在讲述怎样让书的制造过程更加简易和迅速，再结合选项G中的speed可以得出答案，故选G。.C此处为最后一段的首句。本段是说现在的书可以成千上万地复印和制作了,故选C。n.【文章大意】 本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了泰国50多年来最严重的一次洪灾。.D根据下文可知洪灾覆盖 (cover)了泰国的许多地区。.Canother和more都可以表示另外”的意思，more用在数词之后，another用在数词之前。.B洪水导致机场暂时关闭。.A下文提到该河水流经大都市 ,如果涨潮,城市就会被淹没 ,这是最让人担心的事情。.A河水流经某地应用through。.C上文提到hightides,下文提到topthe8.2-foot-tallfloodwalls,所以此处应该用high。.B根据常识可知防洪堤应该是保护城市的中心区。.D防洪堤不能长时间地应对这么大的洪水。.D 政府所担心的就是大坝的垮塌。 disappear消失;settle解决;complete完成;break垮塌。.C 根据下文可知 ,此处需要选择一个可跟可数名词复数的短语。.C根据下文把沙袋堆在一起可知,此处表示的是用什么方式 ,故用 by。.A 根据下文可知 ,这里讲的是他的看法。.A上文谈到他认为洪水不会引起严重的问题,下文谈到他们准备好以防万一。上下文为转折关系。.C should表示“万一”。30.B根据下文居民储备粮食、水以及买救生衣等行为可知 ,他们是在做准备。.A 此处表递进关系,故用 even。.D根据到达被淹没的家判断 ,需要的交通工具是船。.A那儿的许多路被水淹没了。此处用where引导定语从句。.A由于提到具体的数目 ,这里应该是指洪灾给这个国家造成的损失 ,故用 loss。.D 尽管(while)市民能够控制住目前的洪水 ，但他们可能不会坚持太久。m.【文章大意】 本文为人物传记。甘地是印度民族的英雄 ，被尊为印度民族之父。他一直受到印度人的尊敬和爱戴。.as考查介词。句意 :甘地 (1869—1948),印度民族英雄 ,被尊为印度民族之父。固定搭配 :behonouredas被尊为“”。as“作为”。故填 as。.married 考查固定用法。 marry是动词，意为和……结婚，娶某人，嫁给某人固定搭配:get/bemarried结婚”。故填married。.where考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，此处为定语从句，先行词是England,关系词在从句中作地点状语,应使用关系副词 where引导。故填 where。.surprised 考查形容词。was后跟形容词surprised作表语。此处意为在南非，他惊奇地发现种族歧视问题是严重的 故填surprisedo.for考查介词。句意：在那里他成立了一个组织，开办了一个杂志，为平等的权利而斗争。固定搭配:fightforsth为…，•而斗争"。故填for。.when 考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知这是一个定语从句 ，先行词