高中英语必修二unit5课文及翻译

高中英语必修二unit5课文及翻译Unit5.FIRSTAIDIt'sagreathonourtosavealife.—LeighBardugo.救人一命,善莫大焉。ReadingandThinkingFIRSTAIDFORBURNSTheskinisanessentialpartofyourbodyandisitslargestorgan.Yourskinactsasabarrieragainstdisease,toxins,andthesun'sraysItalsohelpscontrolyourbodytemperature,preventsyourbodyfromlosingtoomuchwater,warnsyouwhenthingsaretoohotorcold,andgivesyouyoursenseoftouch.Asyoucanimagine,gettingburntcanleadtoveryseriousinjuries.Thefirstandmostimportantstepinthetreatmentofburnsisgivingfirstaid皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。CAUSESOFBURNS烧伤的原因Youcangetburntbyavarietyofthings:hotliquids,steam,fire,radiation,thesun,electricity,acids,orotherchemicals.housesafely,andthencallingforhelp.Nevergobackintoaburningbuildingtosaveyourthing.火灾会给你的家造成可怕的损失，也会给人们带来可怕的伤害。如果发生火灾，您的首要任务是让每个人都安全地离开房子，然后打电话求救。千万不要回到燃烧的建筑物中去救你的东西。Buyclothes,curtains,andtoysthatdonotburneasilyUseheatersverycarefully,astheycansetobjectsonfire.Pacethemawayfromfurniturewhencooking,donotletoiltouchthefireorothersourcesofheat.Checkelectricalwiresanumberoftimeseachyeartomakesuretheyareingoodcondition.Switchoffyourgasandelectricitywhenyouwillbeawayfromhomeforalongtime.Makesureyourhomeisequippedwithfireextinguishers.购买不容易燃烧的衣服、窗帘、玩具等。使用加热器时要非常小心，因为它们可能会使物体着火。烹饪时要远离家具，不要让油接触到火或其他热源。每年都要检查电线多次，确保电线处于良好状态。当您长时间不在家时，请关闭您的煤气和电。确保家中装有灭火器。CHILDRENANDHOMESAFETY儿童和家庭安全Homesarenotalwayssafeplacesforyoungchildren.Beingcurious,themaysticktheirfingersorobjectsintodangerousplacesandendupsufferingfromelectricshocksorgettingburnt.Inaddition,theymaytrytoeatordrinkanythingtheycanfind,whetheritisfoodornot.Forthesereasons,itisimportanttomakeyourhomesafeifyouhaveyoungchildrenabout.对幼儿来说，家庭并不总是安全的地方。由于好奇心强，他们可能会把手指或物品伸进危险的地方，最终遭受电击或被烫伤。此外，他们可能会尝试吃或喝任何他们能找到的东西，不管它是否是食物。因此，如果您有小孩在身边，让您的家变得安全是很重要的。Keepmatchesoutofthereachofchildren.Storeallcleaningmaterialsinalockedcupboard.Neverleaveasmallchildaloneinthebath.Putcoversoverelectricaloutlets.Keepallmedicinesoutofthereachofchildren.将火柴放在儿童无法触及的地方。将所有清洁用品存放在上锁的柜子里。切勿将小孩单独留在浴室内。在电源插座上加盖。符所有蕖物放在完童瓢法斶及的地方。MAKINGYOURHOMESAFEFORTHEELDERLY让老人的家更安全Theelderlypresentspecialchallenges,astheymayhavetroublemovingaboutandcanbeseriouslyhurtinfalls.Ifyouhaveanelderlypersoninyourhome,youmayneedtotakesomeextrameasurestomakeyourhomesafer.老年人提出了特殊的挑战，因为他们可能会有行动不便，并可能在跌倒时受到严重伤害。如果您的家中有老人，您可能需要采取一些额外的措施，使您的家更安全。Makesurethatpassageswithinthehomearekeptclear.Putnon-slipbathmatsinandnexttothebathandshower.Puthandrailsalongpassagewallsandinthebathroom.确保家中的通道保持畅通。在浴室和淋浴间内和旁边铺设防滑浴垫。沿着通道墙壁和在浴室内放置扶手。很多东西都会造成烧伤:灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。TYPESOFBURNS烧伤的种类Burnsaredividedintothreetypes,dependingonthedepthofskindamage根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。First-degreeburns:Theseaffectonlythetopfewmillimetresoftheskin.Theseburnsarenotserious.Examplesincludemildsunburnandburnscausedbyotherminorhouseholdincidents.一度烧伤:仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。Second-degreeburns:Thesegobelowthetoplayeroftheskin.Theyareseriousandtakeafewweekstogetbetter.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyhotliquids.二度烧伤:伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤Third-degreeburns:Theseaffecteverylayeroftheskin,andsometimesthetissueunderit.Examplesincludeburnscausedbyelectricshocks,burningclothes,orpetrolfires.Theseburnscauseverysevereinternalinjuriesandthevictimmustgotothehospitalatonce.三度烧伤:伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织,如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。CHARACTERISTICSOFBURNS烧伤的特点First-degreeburnsdry,red,andmildlyswollenmildlypainfulturnwhitewhenpressedSecond-degreeburnsredandswollen,blisters:waterysurfaceextremelypainfulThird-degreeburnsblackandwhiteswollen,thetissueunderneathcanoftenbeseenlittleornopainifnervesaredamaged:maybepainfularoundtheedgesoftheburn一度烧伤干燥、发红、微肿微痛受压时变白二度烧伤发红、肿胀;起水疱;表层渗液极度疼痛三度烧伤皮肤发黑或变白肿胀;通常可见皮下组织如神经受损，则微痛或无痛感;创面边缘或有痛感FIRST-AIDTREATMENT急救处理1Placeburnsundercoolrunningwater,especiallywithinthefirsttenminutes,Thecoolwaterstopstheburningprocessandreducesthepainandswelling..将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀Drytheburntareagentlywithacleancloth..用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。Removeanyclothesusingscissorsifnecessary,unlessyouseethefabricstickingtotheburntskin..如有必要,用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。Covertheburntareawithaloosecleancloth.Applyingoiltotheinjuredareasisabadidea,asitwillkeeptheheatinthewoundsandmaycauseinfection..用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。Ifburnsareontheface,makesurethevictimcanstillbreathe..如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。Ifthevictimissufferingfromsecondorthird-degreeburns,thereisanurgentneedtotakehim/hertothehospitalatonce..如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。UsingLanguageChenWei,ahighschoolstudentinBeijing,hadhisdinnerinterruptedwhenheheardsomeonescreamingfromanothertable.AfellowdinerattherestaurantZhangTao,waschokingonsomesteak.Hewasnowholdinghisthroatwithhisfaceturningred,whilehisdesperatefriendswereslappinghimontheback.北京高中生陈伟在吃晚餐，这时另一桌突然传来客人的尖叫声。原来餐馆里一个叫张涛的人被牛排噎住了。只见他按着喉咙，满脸通红，他的几个朋友正拼命拍打他的背部。Chenwastednotime.HegotupandrantoZhang'stableatonce.WiththehelpofZhang'sfriends,hewasabletohelpZhangtohisfeet.Then,standingbehindZhang,ChendidtheHeimlichmanoeuvre.Thefoodwasinstantlyforcedout,andZhangbegantobreatheagain.Tenminuteslater,anambulancearrived.ThedoctorscheckedZhangandmadesurethathewasfine.Theysuggestedheeatmoreslowlyandtakesmallerbitesbeforetheyleft.陈伟毫不迟疑。他立刻起身，跑到张涛桌前。在张涛朋友们的帮助下，陈伟扶着他站了起来。接着，陈伟站在张涛的背后，实施海姆立克急救法。食物瞬间被排出，张涛又能开始呼吸了。十分钟后，救护车赶到。医生们为张涛做了检查,确保他没有大碍。离开前，医生建议他吃饭要细嚼慢咽，小口进食。Chokingvictimsusuallyhaveonlyaboutfourminutesbeforetheycollapseandsometimesdie,leavingnotimeforanambulancetoarrive.Tosolvethisproblem,in1974,anAmericandoctor,HenryHeimlich,createdtheHeimlichmanoeuvre,savingthousandsoflivesaroundtheworld.DoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreisquickpractical,andeasy.Itissoeasy,infact,thatalmostanyonecanlearnhow.噎食者通常大约四分钟后就会瘫倒在地，有时甚至死亡，等不到救护车的到来。为解决这一问题，1974年美国医生亨利-海姆立克发明了海姆立克急救法，挽救了全世界成千上万人的生命。海姆立克急救法简便、实用、见效快。事实上，它非常容易操作，几乎所有人都能学会。Ifyouseesomeonechoking,firstcalltheemergencyservices.Then,makesurethevictimisreallychoking:Achokingpersoncannotspeak.Slappingthevictim'sbackwilloftenforceouttheobstruction.Ifthisdoesnotwork,youcanperformtheHeimlichmanoeuvrebystandingbehindhimandwrappingyourarmsaroundhiswaist.Makeafistwithonehandandplaceitintheupperpartofhisstomach.Grabbingyourfistwithyourotherhandtightly,pushupandintohisstomachinonemotion.Continuedoingthisuntiltheobstructionisforcedout.如果你发现有人被噎住，首先拨打急救电适。然后，确定此人确实是被噎住了:人被噎时是无法说话的。拍打噎食者的背部通常可以将异物排出。如果不奏效，那么你可以实施海姆立克急救法。具体做法是:站在此人身后,用双臂环抱其腰部。只手握拳，置于其上腹部，另一只手紧紧握住拳头，快速用力向上在里挤压。重复上述动作，直至异物排出。DoingtheHeimlichmanoeuvreonasmallchildisnotrecommended,asyoumayhurthim.Instead,laythechildfacedownonyourlapwiththeheadlowerthantherestofhisbody,andthengivefirmslapstohisupperbackuntilhecanbreatheagain不建议对小孩实施海姆立克急救法，因为你可能会伤到他/她。相反，应将孩子脸朝下放在大腿上，使其头部低于身体其他部位，然后用力拍打其上背部,直至他/她恢复呼吸。Withchokingvictims,everyminutecounts.Youcannotjuststandbyanddonothing.Luckily,Chenhadlearnthowtogivefirsaidinschool.SeeingZhangchoking,heremainedcalmandreactedimmediately.Chenlatersaidabouttheincident,"HowcouldIjustifysittingthereanddoingnothing?Weareallhumansandweallhavearesponsibilitytolookafteroneanother'swelfare"救助噎食者，分秒必争。不要袖手旁观。幸运的是，陈伟在学校学过急救方法。看到张涛噎住，他保持冷静，且反应迅速。后来，陈伟谈起此事时说道:〃我有什么理由坐在那儿袖手旁观呢?大家都是人，我们都有责任关心彼此的幸福。"ReadingandWriting(Workbook)ISYOURHOMESAFE?您的家安全吗？Yourhomecanbeadangerousplace,butbymakingitsaferyoucanpreventaccidents.Thekitchen,bathroom,andbedroomarewheremostaccidentshappen.Thesecanincludefalls,fires,poisoning,cuts,hotwaterburns,andelectricshocks.您的家可能是一个危险的地方，但通过使它更安全，您可以防止事故的发生。厨房、浴室和卧室是发生事故最多的地方。这些事故包括摔倒、火灾、中毒、割伤、热水烫伤