Unit 3 英汉文化与商务翻译

Unit3英汉文化与商务翻译Tylor’sdefinitionofculture:Cultureisthatcomplexwholewhichincludesknowledge,belief,art,morals,law,custom,andanyothercapabilitiesandhabitsacquiredbymanasamemberofsociety.PeterNewmark’sdefinitionofculture:Cultureisthewayoflifeanditsmanifestationsthatarepeculiartoacommunitythatusesaparticularlanguageasitsmeansofexpression.Cultureandlanguage“Nolanguagecanexistunlessitissteepedinthecontextofculture,andnoculturecanexistwhichdoesnothaveatitscenter,thestructureofnaturallanguage”(Sapir-Whorf).没有一种语言不是植根于某种具体的文化之中的；也没有一种文化不是以某种自然语言的结构为其中心的。AJudaskissHideone’slightunderabushelCastpearlsbeforeswineYoucan’tmakebrickswithoutstraw.谋事在人，成事在天阿弥陀佛文化与宗教不同的英汉动、植物形象dog凤凰龙：龙凤呈祥羊：三羊开泰雄鸡蝙蝠“岁寒三友”：松、竹、梅Cultureshock颜色词的文化差异数字的文化差异相应的翻译策路Domestication:targetlanguagecultureorientedForeignization:sourcelanguagecultureoriented真是“天有不测风云，人有旦夕祸福”。“Truly,‘Stormsgatherwithoutwarninginnature,andbadluckbefallsmenovernight.’…..”(Yang)“Iknow‘theweatherandhumanlifearebothunpredictable.’”(Hawkes)Nobusinesstoosmall,noproblemtoobig.（IBM）没有不做的小生意，没有解决不了的大问题。Askformore.（百事流行鞋）渴望无限Intelligenceeverywhere.(摩托罗拉)智慧演绎，无处不在。Feelthenewspace.(三星电子)感受新境界Unit4英汉词语对比与翻译DictionBy“diction”wemeantheproperchoiceofwordsandphrasesintranslationonthebasisofaccuratecomprehensionoftheoriginal.Greatcareiscalledforinthetranslationof“familiar”EnglishwordsintoChinese,astheirmeaningsvarywiththechangeincollocationorcontext.Tensionisbuildingup.

形势紧张起来。张力在增大。电压在增加。压力在增强。

……Themeaningofawordisitsuseinthelanguage.

Eachword,whenusedinanewcontext,isanewword.

1)Thiswarisbecomingthemostimportantstoryofthisgeneration.2)Itisquiteanotherstorynow.3)Somereporterswhowerenotincludedinthesessionbrokethestory.

4)Ayoungmancametothepoliceofficewithastory.5)Theoldman’slifestoryisoneofthesaddest.6)LastDec.thePostfirstreportedthatprobeswerebeingmadeineachofthosecities,butofficialsrefusedtoconfirmthestory.7)ThestoryabouthimbecamesmallerandbyandbyfadedoutfromtheAmericanTV.

1)这场战争将成为这一代人的最重大的事件。

2）现在的情况完全不同了。

3）有些没让参加那次会议的记者把内情捅出去了。

4）一个年轻人来到警署报案。

5）这个老人一生的遭遇算是最惨的了。

6）去年12月，《邮报》首先报道侦查工作已在那些城市里进行，但官员们拒绝证实这条消息。

7）报道中对他的渲染减少了，不久就从美国电视上销声匿迹了。I.CorrespondenceBetweenEnglishandChineseatWordLevel

Fromtheaboveillustrationswemaycometorealizethatinmostcasesthereisnoexistingpatternforsentencetranslation,noraretherefixedrulesforwordtransformation.Generallyspeaking,thecorrespondencebetweenEnglishandChineseatwordlevelmaybecategorizedasfollows:

1.Word-for-wordCorrespondence

Thisismostevidentlyshowninpropernounsandtechnicalterms.Forexample:

MarxismaspirinatypicalpneumoniaAPECCarbondioxide马克思主义阿斯匹林非典型肺炎亚太经合组织二氧化碳2.OneWordwithMultipleEquivalentsoftheSameMeaning

Thisisacommoncaseintranslation.Forexample:wife:

妻子、爱人、夫人、老婆、老伴、媳妇、堂客、拙荆、内人……potato:

马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋……3.OneWordwithSeveralEquivalentsofDifferentMeaningsThisisalsoverycommonintranslation.Forexample:cousin:

堂兄、堂弟、堂姐、堂妹、表哥、表弟、表姐、表妹……president:

总统、总裁、主席、董事长、议长、社长、校长……4.EquivalentsInterwovenwithOneAnother

Inthiscase,acertainwordmaybetreateddifferentlyaccordingtovariouscircumstancesorcollocations.Forexample:

SaySpeakTalktell说讲谈诉

5.WordsWithoutEquivalents

Inthiscase,anexplanationisgiveninsteadofanequivalent.Forexample:

telecommuters:

在家办公的上班族

woopie:

well-offolderpeople

clock-watcher:

老是看钟等下班的人

whitegoods/browngoods

CulturalconnotationofawordPink-collarGold-collarGray-collarSteel-collarOpen-collarAmericanPlanContinentalPlanEuropeanPlanpp.53-58BuyAmerican(Act)AdministratorVs.secretaryLonelinessindustrySuburbaninhabitants商务语篇中的词义特点一、商务英语词汇的专业性和规范性F.O.B.(FreeonBoard)离岸价格C.I.F.(Cost,InsuranceandFreight)到岸价格C&F(CostandFreight)离岸加运费价格B/L(BillofLading)提货单Claim,ifany,mustbemadewithin30daysafterthearrivalofthegoodsatthedestination,afterwhichnoclaimswillbeentertained.如果发生索赔，必须于货到目的地后30天内提出，过期不予受理。Sincemanyrepeatordersfromourregularcustomersarerushingin,promptshipmentcannotbeguaranteedafterthemiddleofthismonth.由于经常来往客户的续订货单大量涌来，本月中旬之后，我们很难保证即期交货。Thisagreementandanyrightsorobligationhereunderarenottransferableorassignablebyonepartytothisagreementwithouttheconsentoftheotherpartyhereto.本协议以及本协议所规定的权力或义务不经另一方同意不得擅自转让。二、商务英语词汇的一词多义现象Inanoverheatedmarket,theaveragebuyerisoftenbetteroffonthesidelines.在市场过热的情况下，普通消费者大可坐享商家竞争的渔利。Averageisoftwokinds:generalaverageandparticularaverage.海损有两种，一种是共同海损，另一种是单独海损。Inamarket-basedsystemsuchastheU.S.,hostileacquisitionsarepossiblethroughproxycontestsandtenderoffers.在美国这样的以市场为主导的经济体制下，恶意并购很可能通过代理商竞争和假装好意的恶意收购来实现。Inthewest,recruitmentsforexecutivepositionsarethroughproxiesordirectlyinthemarketplacethroughtenderoffers.在西方国家行政主管的招聘通常通过（猎头公司等）代理进行，或通过广告直接从市场上招聘。Moreexamples:pg:60-61商务词汇的翻译技巧一、词性转换法Wehavedecidedtoplaceatrialorderforthefollowingonthetermsstatedinyourletter.根据来函条款，我公司决定试订下列货物。Theproductsofourfactoryarechiefly

characterizedbytheirfineworkmanshipanddurability.我厂产品的主要特点是工艺精湛，经久耐用。二、增补法1.增补同义词Boththebuyerandthesellerarebusyatnegotiationsofbusiness,contractanddraft.Largecompaniesshouldderiveenormoussurvivaladvantagefromtherichnessoftheirresources,thereachoftheireconomicandpoliticalinfluence,thebreathoftheirexperience,andthedepthoftheirinformationaboutcustomersandemployees.大型企业资源丰富，经济实力雄厚，政治影响深远，见多识广，洞悉顾客愿望，了解雇员要求，理应享有巨大的生存优势。2.增补范畴词Unlesstheseissuesareaddressedasamatterofurgency,theconsequentdemotivation

ofstaffwillundoubtedlyhaveanegativeimpactontheperformanceofthecompany.Thechangesofrequirementsforthecommoditiesinthemarketareaffectedbytheinternalandexternalfactors.3.增补产品名称ThefiveToyota,twentyHitachiandthirtyXeroxhavelongbeenreadyforshipment,butshipmentcannotbeeffectedbecauseofthelatearrivalofyourL/C.4.重复法Hebecameanoilbaron–allbyhimself.Infact,theblatantuseofmoneytomotivatepeopleeithertojoinanorganizationortostayonhascreatedmoremotivationproblemsthanithassolved.5.语义补偿Somecomplainedaboutthemanagementandleadershipskillsofdifferentbranchmanagers.有些人抱怨说某些部门经理的管理和领导技巧尚待提高。BainCapitalwasabletohelpcreateenormousvaluedespitethepopulartheories.尽管未按种种时髦的管理理论去做，贝恩资本公司仍旧得以帮助客户创造了巨额价值。三、引申法1.词义的转化Undertheguidanceofitsdynamicpresident,thecompanyhasturnedfrombeingaloss-makerintoanexporter.在有活力的总裁的领导下，该公司从一个亏损者转变为出口商。在有活力的总裁的领导下，该公司从原来的一个亏损企业变成了能向海外出口产品的公司。Individually,withthehelpofeagermultinationalpartnerswantingtoaddnewproductstotheirstable,Chinesebrandscouldbecomeaglobalphenomenonwithinadecade,markedontheirexoticappeal.中国公司通过与急切要拓展现有系列产品的跨国公司的合作，同时利用自己的异国情调，在十年内个别地成为一种环球现象。在一些想在其产品系列里添加新产品的外国公司的协助下，中国品牌可以依靠其中国特色，在十年内一个一个地都成为全球知名品牌。2.词义的具体化Themargin