Unit21Lesson-3(p2包含语言点详解-课堂练习)

Unit21Lesson3EpidemicsExplained

DoyoustillrememberSARS?HowdidyoufeelwhenSARSwasspreading?What’stheoutcomeofSARS?BesidesSARS,whatotherdiseasescanbeepidemic?

AIDSSARSInfluenza(=flu)BirdFluSwineFluHand-Feet-MouthDiseaseTuberculosis(=TB)肺结核Deathsilentlyleapt(跳跃)fromhousetohouse,tillhenearlylosthisprey(被掠食者

).--FrancisMacnamaraBritishPeopledroppeddeadlikeflies(苍蝇).Grief-stricken(极度忧伤的)mothersmournedtheirsons’death,tilltheirtearsrandry.画家笔下的中世纪黑死病景象DrGarcianomatterhowgoodmodernscienceis,afutureepidemicisinevitable.*epidemiccancerwipeouturban*rebuildempiretrial*prohibitunitepausen.流行病,传染病n.癌，癌症彻底毁灭adj.城市的vt.重建n.帝国n.实验vt.禁止vt.联合，团结n.暂停，停顿NewWords*acutestatisticssymptomroutinepressparalleltissue*adaptationforeseemournadj.剧烈的，严重的n.统计资料，统计数字n.症状n.常规，惯例n.新闻界，报界v.按,压n.平行线，极相似之处n.组织n.变化，变种vt.预见(foresaw-foreseen)vt.感到悲痛，表示哀悼NewWordscarrierprescription*tabletunderline*thorough*systematic*teamworkfaithstopsth.initstrackspilln.带菌者n.处方n.药片vt.强调,下划线adj.彻底的adj.系统化的n.协作，配合n.信心终止，消灭n.药丸，药片NewWordsWorkinpairs.Doyouthinkthesestatementsaretrue(T)orfalse(F)?1)Flukillsmillionsofpeopleeveryyear.2)Mostdiseasesareverynew.3)Epidemicshaveaffectedhistoricalevents.5)Epidemicscanwipeoutuptohalfofthepopulationinurbanareas.6)Morepeoplediedofafluepidemicin1918/1919thandiedinWorldWarI.4)Ittakesyearsforadiseasetospreadworldwide.Unfortunately,theyareallbloodytruth.ReadingReadingstrategies:

Sequencingofinformation1.Readthetextwithgapstogetthe

generalidea.2.Readthesentencesbeforeandafter

thegaps.3.Readthemissingparagraphs.

4.Putthemissingparagraphsinthegaps.5.Rereadthewholepassage.SkimthepassagetogetthemainideaReadthetexttofindhowthepassagedevelop?InorderoftimeInorderofspaceInorderoflogic

ReadingMatchthefiveparagraphs(A-E)withgaps3,5,8,10and12inthetext.ABCDEParagraph3Paragraph5Paragraph8Paragraph10Paragraph12Howmanyepidemicsinthehumanhistoryarementionedinthistext?Para.1&13:___________Para.3&4:___________________________________________________________Para.5&6:_____________Para.7&8:_____________Para.9~12:____________BirdFluEpidemicinRomanEmpire=(Justinian’sPlague)查士丁尼瘟疫BlackDeathSpanishFluSARStimeepidemicareasnumberofthepeoplediedJustinian’sPlagueNorthAfrica,middleEast,Europeupto50%ofthearea’spopulationInthe1330’sEurope,Asia,AfricaandMiddleEastuptoonehalfofthepopulation1918SpanishFluupto50millionin18months2002SARSChina,Canada,Vietnam,Singapore500-550ADTheBlackDeathThewholeworld774BirdFlu1997morethanahundredlivesFirstinHKtheearliestonrecordGreatFlumodernadaptationMatcheachepidemicwiththestatementsBirdFluPara.1&13It’samodernadaptationofSpanishFluThoroughandsystematicmedicalresearchwillleadtoacureassoonaspossible.Ithasbecomeaglobalepidemic彻底而系统的导致,产生n.治愈的方法Justinian’sPlaguePara.3&4oneoftheearliestonrecordThemostacuteworldwideepidemicItwasoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire记录在案n.衰落empire,emperor,empressaffectedhistoricaleventsTheBlackDeathPara.5&6PerfectconditionswereprovidedforthediseasetospreadworldwideCrowdedurbanareasweremoreseverelyaffectedItwascompletelynewPara.E.Line5Line6_____,_____________and__________________________.Warcrowdedcitiesalackofbasichealthroutines缺乏基本的卫生习惯TheGreatFluEpidemicPara.7&8ItstruckneartheendoftheFirstWorldWarThemostacuteworldwideepidemicTheyoungandfitweremorelikelytobeaffectedMorepeoplediedofthefluthandiedinthewarItwascompletelynewV.(疾病、灾难等)侵袭；攻击年轻力壮者SARSPara.9~12ItwascompletelynewItbeganwithalungdiseaseMostpeoplehadnonaturaldefensesagainstthedisease

Yet,ithasbeenforgottenbyhistory天然防护(抗体)SpanishFluTherewereno___________drugsor______totreatit.prescriptiontablets“Withrecentpressreports

drawingparallelsbetween

BirdFluandakillerepidemicinthepast,JimSmithlooksthrough

thehistoryofepidemicsforclues(线索)aboutwhatthefuturemighthold.”drawparallels

between

A.todrawthesign“=”B.toshowtwodifferentthingsaresimilar

Whatdoesthewritertellusinthe

backgroundintroduction?

lookthroughA.toexaminesth.carefullyB.tolookatsth.withaglance(一瞥)Theintroductionintendstoshowusthat:

BirdFluissimilartoakillerepidemicinthehistory;Scientistsarelookingforcluestohelpfuturestudy.Readthesecondparagraphandfindoutwhyscientistslookthroughthehistoryofepidemics.

Scientistshope________.tofindouthowepidemicshavehappenedtopredictandpreventepidemicsinthefuturetoseehowbacteriaandviruseshavebeenaffectedhumanlifetoseewhatthefutureoftheworldwillbelike“…todiscoverthecausesandeffects(因果关系)ofepidemics,andhopefully,foreseeandpreventtheminthefuture.”Readthelastparagraphandseeifthewriterpresentsasolution?Ifhedoes,whatisitorwhatarethey?Yes,hedoes.“Countries

willneedto

worktogethertodothis”;Wehaveto

havefaith

thattherewillbesolutionsintimeto

stopabirdFluepidemic

initstracks.find“acureforBirdFluassoonaspossible”Howdoeshesupporthissolution?——Byanalyzingtheepidemicsinhistory.Thestructureofthisdiscursiveessay1.Statement:BirdFlu=SpanishFlu2.Problem:Howtoforeseeandpreventit3.Ananalysisoftheproblem4.Solution:Internationaleffort&faithCompletethesesentencesaboutthetextinyourownwords.Weknowthatepidemicshavebeenwithusforthousandsofyearsbecause…2.AnepidemicmayhavebeenoneofthekeycausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpirebecause…3.The“BlackDeath”spreadrapidlyinAsiaandEuropebecause…4.SARSspreadfromHongKongtoCanada,VietnamandSingaporebecause…5.ManydoctorsandnursesbecameillwithSARSbecause…

AboutthePlague550AD,RomanemperorJustinian,25%--50%,themainreasonwhytheRomanempirefellAbouttheBlackDeath1330s,inAsia,…providingperfectconditionsforthespreading.½to1/3waslostto…AboutGreatFluEpidemicof1918ThemostacuteworldwideepidemicinthehistorySARSLiuJianjuncametoHongkong,passedthevirustopeople.ThencarrierscarriedittoCanada,…Languagepoints1.drawparallel

between

把两者相比较(找相似之处)e.g.Hereachedaconclusionafterdrawingparallelsbetweenthesetwocases.他比较这两起案件之后得出了结论。

beparallel

to

与…平行；与…相似

=besimilartoe.g.

你的看法和我相似。

Youropinionisparalleltomine.★parallel虽为adj.,但无比较级、最高级。（perfect，favorite）=compareAwithB*parallel

n.相似物,平行线*parallel

adj.类似的,平行的2.lookthrough浏览e.g.Heoftenlooksthroughseveralnewspapersbeforebreakfast.

逐一查看，仔细检查e.g.TherearesomepapersthatIhavetolookthroughtonight.

穿过…看e.g.

Lookthroughthewindowandyou’llseeabeautifulgarden.

看穿某人e.g.Icanlookthroughherthoughtbyherreaction.=gothrough3.…whatthefuturemighthold.将来会是怎样hold

v.

容纳;持有(观点);承受;保持;仍然有效e.g.Theconcerthallholds1,000audience.Otherstudentsholdtheopinionthatstayingupisharmfultoourhealth.Isthatbranchstrongenoughtoholdyou?Boltholdsthe100-metreworldrecord.TheofferImadetoyoulastweekstillholds.

holdameeting举行

holdonasecond稍等容纳持有…承受保持有效4.takeone’slife

夺走某人生命e.g.TheearthquakeinYa’an,Sichuanprovincehastakenthelivesofnearly200people.Unabletopayoffthedebts,he___________________.

无力偿还债务，他自杀了。5.bearound

存在；在附近e.g.

任何时候你需要帮助，我都会在你身边。

AnytimeyouneedhelpI’llbearound.tookhisown

life=commitsuicide6.aslongas

只要；和…一样长久e.g.Withthedevelopmentofmedicine,humanbeingsarelikelytoliveaslongas150yearsinthefuture.e.g.Youareallowedtogotothepartytonight,aslongasyoucomebackbefore10o’clock.7.causeandeffect

因果e.g.Everythingthathappenshasitscause

and

effect.

每件事的发生都有它的前因后果。8.onrecord

有记录的,有历史记载的

介词短语做后置定语e.g.Irentahousewithgarage.(带车库的房子)。

Hewastalkingtothemaninblack.(穿黑衣的人)Sheisagirlofgreatkindness.(非常善良的女孩)9.attempttodo…v.

试图，企图做…makeanattempt

todo…e.g.

他试图谋杀国王但没有成功。

HeattemptedtomurdertheKingbutinvain.10.sweep

v.

打扫，清扫

TombSweepingDay–onApril4thor5th

sweepthrough

流行，迅速传遍e.g.

这首歌曾经风靡大江南北。

Thesongoncesweptthroughthecountry.swept-sweptn.

尝试，试图=spread11.…upto

50%ofthepopulationdiedfromthisepidemic,makingitoneofthemaincausesofthefalloftheRomanEmpire.upto+数量词:(数目)高达，多达…

fall

(n.)

衰败，没落

riseandfall(指人生)起伏,兴衰

making的主语是______,在句中作______状语。e.g.Europeanfootballisplayedin80countries,______(make)itthemostpopularsportintheworld.e.g.Hisparentsdied,______(leave)himandhisbrotheralone.整件事makingleavingupsanddowns结果=whichmakesit相当于非限制性定从=whichmakesit=whichlefthime.g.Hecutofftheelectricityimmediately,__________(prevent)aterribleaccident.e.g.Itrainedheavily,_______(cause)seriousfloodinginthatcountry.preventing=whichpreventedcausing=whichcaused12.alackof

缺乏e.g.Thecompanycloseddown(由于缺乏资金)_____________________.

lack

vt.

缺乏

lacking

adj.缺乏的，不足的

belackingin在…方面不足，欠缺e.g.Thereportsaysthatmostofpeopletodayarelackinginsocialresponsibility.lack

n.duetoalackofmoneybecauseitlackedmoney.13.strike

v.

struck–struck/striken

(灾难疾病等)侵袭;e.g.Theareawasstruckbyaheavystorm.

打动;

What

struck

memostwastheirpassionforwork.使我深受感动的是他们对工作的热情。

罢工;TheLaborUnionisstriking

forapayriseof10%.工会正为提薪10%而罢工。

想到

Itsuddenlystruckmehowtoworkitout.=Itsuddenly__________me…occurredto14.leave…doing:让sth./sb.一直处于…状态e.g.

别让水一直流。

Don’tleavethewaterrunning.leave

sth./sb.+adj./adv./V-ing(主动)/V-ed

(被动)e.g.Luke出去了但作业没做完。

Lukewentoutbutlefthishomework___________.e.g.

他的双亲去世了，留下他独自一人。

Hisparents’deathlefthim_____.e.g.

隔壁的噪音让我一夜无眠。

Thenoisefromnextdoorleftme________.aloneunfinishedadv.V-edawakenadj.16.atendencytodo

带有…的倾向

=tendtodo往往，倾向于,易于e.g.Peoplehaveatendencytomakemistakeswhentheydothingsinahurry.tendto15.theyoungandfit

年轻力壮的人

the+adj.

表示一类人

[反]theoldandweak

年老体弱者17.

It’ssaid/reported/believedthatsb./sth.……=sb./sth.issaidto+bedoinghavedonee.g.Heissaidto________totheSouththiswinter.据说他今年冬天要搬到南方去。Hiscompanyissaidto____________.据说他的公司遇到了困难。Thechildrenaresaidto_________bytheriver.据说孩子们正在河边玩。Theyaresaidto________London.据说他们已经离开伦敦。Theyweresaidto______________inthebattle.据说他们已在战斗中被杀死了。do未发生/现在状态正在进行(在say之前)已完成movebeintroublebeplayinghavelefthavebeenkilled18.“Havingkilledupto50millionpeople…,theSpanishFluisbelievedtohavebeenthemostacuteepidemicinhistory.”kill的主语是___________,由主语(主动/被动)完成。bebelievedtohavebeen“被认为是”表示(未发生/正在进行/已经完成)的动作，是在kill(之前/之后)发生,所以用havingkilled表示主语主动做的这一动作在另一动作之前发生。e.g._______________(realize)hismistake,Tomapologizedtohisteacher.__________________(help)somanytimes,theoldmancoulddonothingbutthankedthevolunteers.SpanishFlu√√√HavingrealizedHavingbeenhelped被动:Havingbeendone1.______areply,hedecidedtowriteagain.

A.NotreceivingB.ReceivingnotC.NothavingreceivedD.Havingnotreceived2._____manytimes,hefinallyunderstoodit.(09四川10)A.Told

B.Telling

C.Havingtold

D.Havingbeentold

3.Ihearthey’vepromotedTom,buthedidn’tmention_____whenwetalkedonthephone.(08江西24)A.topromote

B.havingbeenpromotedC.havingpromoted

D.tobepromoted4._____

aroundtheWaterCube,wewerethentakentoseetheBird’sNestforthe2008OlympicGames.(08陕西14)A.Havingshown

B.Tobeshown

C.Havingbeenshown

D.ToshowCDBC5._____

toreachthemonthephone,wesentanemailinstead.(08重庆29)A.Fail

B.Failed

C.Tofail

D.Havingfailed6._____inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.(08福建22)A.Waiting

B.Towait

C.Havingwaited

D.TohavewaitedDC19.thesestatisticsaremuchlessimpressivethanthosefortheSpanishFlu.those:代词,替代上文出现过的复数名词

Thewatchesinthisshoparecheaperthan_____intheshopacrossthestreet.that:替代上文出现过的同类事物,常指代不可数n.

TheweatherinHainanismuchwarmerthan____inShanghaiatthistimeoftheyear.one:用法同that,但常指单数可数n.—Ipadwasquitehandytouse.—Really?Iwillget_____,too.it:替代前文中提到的同一事物,为单数n.;或整件事。that=statisticsthose=watches=weatherone=anIpad

it:替代前文中提到的同一事物,为单数n.;或整件事。

Ihavelostmypurse.Itwasblack.Jamesgotmarriedlastmonth.Haveyouheardaboutit?=thewholething=mypurse20.dotrialson

对…进行试验e.g.

医院对这种新药已经进行了许多次试验。

Thehospitalhasdonemanytrials

onthenewmedicine.

(be)

ontrial(在)试用(期间)e.g.

他被雇来试用两周。

Hhibit

v.

禁止,阻止；限制,妨碍

prohibitsb.

______doingsth.e.g.Thenewlawprohibitspeoplefromsmokinginthepublicplaces.from/forbid/ban+doing=carryoutexperimenton22.outbreak

n.(战争、疾病、灾难等)爆发

breakout(战争、疾病、灾难等)爆发e.g.ThesuddenattackofGermanyonPolandmarkedtheoutbreakofWorldWarII.

德国突袭波兰标志着二战的爆发。23.havefaith___sth.对…有信心[反]losefaith

in

sth.对…失去信心inLanguagePoints1.wipeout

彻底毁灭e.g.

洪水彻底淹没了整个村庄。

Thefloodswipedoutthewholevillage.

抹去，消除e.g.

没有什么能够抹去他过去痛苦的记忆。

Nothingcouldwipeouthisbittermemoriesofthepast.2.upto(数量等)高达，多达e.g.

多达3000个人去听了这场演唱会。

Upto3,000peopleattendedtheconcert.+数量词3.dieof/diefrom

死于内部原因(情感、冻饿等)：_______外在原因(外伤、事故等)：_______

died____hunger/cold/illness/oldage.

died____wound/accident/overwork/carelessness/drinking.Hedied____lungcancer.____smoking.dieofdiefromoffromoffromPhrases1.drawparallelbetweenbeparallelto2.lookthrough3.takeone’slife4.causeandeffect5.onrecord6.attempttodo7.sweepthrough

swept–swept8.alackof

在两者之间比较与…相似浏览；仔细检查夺走某人的生命因果关系有历史记载的尝试做…席卷，蔓延缺乏9.leave…hibitsb.fromdoing13.havefaith(in)losefaithin14.Itsuddenlystrikemethat…让…处于某种状态带有…的倾向对…进行试验禁止某人做某事对…有信心对…失去信心我突然想起…Practices1.Itmustbethecoldestwinter__________inhistory.这肯定是有历史记载以来最冷的冬天。2.Hissight__________him___________apilot.他的视力阻止他成为一名飞行员。3.Thecropsisdyingdueto____________rain.4.Thegovernmentistryingto__________drugdealingontheboundary.政府竭力清除边境毒品交易。5.Thescientist_____many__________theliquidandfinallygotaresult.这个科学家对液体做了多次试验，最终得到了结果。onrecordprohibitedfrombeingalackofwipeoutdidtrialson6.It’ssaidthattheoldlibrarywillberebuilt.=Theoldlibrary______________________.7.It’sreportedthatanearthquakehappenedlastnightinItaly.=Anearthquake_______________________lastnightinItaly.8.He______________escapefromtheprisonbut__________.他试图越狱但没有成功。9.Atthatmoment,___________________________Iwaswastingmytime.那一刻,我突然意识到自己是在浪费时间。issaidtoissaidtohavehappenedattemptedtoinvainberebuiltitsuddenlystruckmethat10.Thewar______over10,000______.战争夺走了十多万人的性命。11.Themother____________doinghouseworkand______herbaby_______byitself.妈妈开始做家务，让小孩子自己一个人玩。12.Keepontrying!Don’t______________yourself!