Grammar-过去分词作定语和表语

DiscoveringUsefulStructuresUnit1UsedastheAttribute

andPredicativePastparticiple(1)1.Somanythousandsofterrifiedpeopledied.2.HefoundthatitcamefromtheriverpollutedbythedirtywaterfromLondon.3.Buthebecameinspiredwhenhethoughtabouthelpingordinarypeople.attributeattributepredicativeWhatisthepastparticipleusedfor?apieceofbrokenglassboiledwaterausedstampaburiedboxofcoinsadamagedcomputerworn-outshoes一片碎玻璃开水一枚用过的邮票一箱埋起来的硬币穿破的鞋子一台损坏了的计算机过去分词作定语Translatethefollowingphrases.Completethetablewithphrasesthathavethesamemeaning.terrifiedpeoplereservedseatspollutedwateracrowdedroomapleasedwinnerpeopleterrifiedof(cholera)seatsreservedfor…waterpollutedby…aroomcrowdedof…awinnerpleasedat…childrenastonishedat/by…avasebrokenby…adoorclosedby…theaudiencetiredby…ananimaltrappedin/by…astonishedchildrenacloseddoor

thetiredaudience

atrappedanimal

abrokenvase

一、过去分词作定语1、单个的过去分词作定语时一般兼有被动和完成的意义，常作前置定语。

alostanimal一只迷路的动物

ausedstamp一枚用过的邮票

aninjuredfinger一个受伤的手指

abrokencoin一枚破损的硬币

alightedcandle一支点燃的蜡烛注意：过去分词作定语时，有时只有被动意义。

spokenEnglish英语口语

writtenexercises书面练习

少数表示位移或状态改变的不及物动词的过去分词只有完成的意义

fallenleaves落叶therisensun升起来的太阳theadvancedcountries发达国家adrunkenman一个醉鬼areturnedstudent一名归国留学生aretiredteacher一名退休教师anescapedprisoner一名逃跑的囚犯by-gonedays过去的岁月2、过去分词作后置定语，表示被动和／或完成意义。

HowIregrettedthehourswastedinthewoods!Ilikewearingclothesmadeofthiskindofcloth．ThebookswrittenbyLuXunarepopular．We’llgotovisitthebridgebuilthundredsofyearsago．ChangethefollowingPastParticipleintoclauses.1)Hetoldusofthegreatwrongdonetohim.=Hetoldusofthegreatwrong____________________tohim.whichhadbeendone

注:本句中的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成。2）TheUnitedStatesisadevelopedcountry.=TheUnitedStatedisacountry

______________________.whichhasdeveloped注:本句中的过去分词作定语，只表示完成。3）Haveyounoticedthebridgebeingbuiltthere?=Haveyounoticedthebridge___________________there?whichisbeingbuilt注：本句中的过去分词作定语，表示被动的动作正在进行。Idon'tknowthegirl_____inthesnowstorm.A.tocatchB.caughtC.catchingD.tobecatching解析：小女孩是“被困”在暴风雪中，所以空白处应填过去分词作后置定语。2.Thegirl_____downbyacarwasdying.

A.knockB.knockingC.knockedD.toknock解析：小女孩是“被”小汽车“撞倒”的，所以空白处应填过去分词，作后置定语。BC[典型例题]Aftercompletingandsigningit,pleasereturntheformtousintheenvelope_____.

A.providingB.providedC.havingprovidedD.provide解析:动词provide与其逻辑主语envelop是被动关系，在句中作定语，相当于whichisprovided。题意为：“表格填完之后，请将其放入为您提供的信封中，返还给我们”。B[高考真题]2.“It’ssuchaniceplace.”Mothersaidasshesatatthetable_____forcustomers.A.tobereservedB.havingreservedC.reservingD.reserved解析：reserve和谓语动词sat之间没有连词，且和其逻辑主语thetable逻辑上构成被动关系，故用过去分词表示被动、完成的概念，在句子中做后置定语。tablereservedforcustomers意为：预定给顾客的桌子。D3.AmieSalmon,disabled,isattendedthroughoutherschooldaysbyanurse______toguardher.A.toappointB.appointingC.appointedD.havingappointed4.Theproducercomesregularlytocollectthecameras_______toourshopforqualityproblems.A.returningB.returnedC.toreturnD.tobereturnedCB5.Theplayers______fromthewholecountryareexpectedtobringushonorinthissummergame.A.selectingB.toselectC.selectedD.havingselected解析：分析句子结构可知，“____fromthewholecountry”是分词短语作后置定语修饰theplayers，再结合语境可知此处表示“被挑选出来的”，故用过去分词短语作后置定语，故答案为C。C6.TsinghuaUniversity,_____in1911,ishometoagreatnumberofoutstandingfigures.A.foundB.foundingC.foundedD.tobefounded解析：句中的主语TsinghuaUniversity与found构成逻辑上的被动关系，可选C、D；再根据时间1911年可知found动作已经完成，故用过去分词。此句中过去分词短语作后置定语。本句的意思是：成立于1911年的清华大学，是许多卓越人物的家园。A7.Sofarnobodyhasclaimedthemoney

inthelibrary.A.discoveredB.tobediscoveredC.discoveringD.havingdiscovered 解析：该空在句中作后置定语，修饰themoney，根据themoney与discover的被动关系，排除C、D两项。B项表示的是“将要被发现”的意思，根据句意“到目前为止还没有人来认领在图书馆被发现的钱”可判断选A项。A8.Agreatnumberofstudents_____saidtheywereforcedtopractisethepiano.A.toquestionB.tobequestionedC.questionedD.questioning解析：question与students存在被动关系，question表示的动作也已完成，故用过去分词。C9.Mrs.Whiteshowedherstudentssomeoldmaps______fromthelibrary.A.toborrowB.tobeborrowedC.borrowedD.borrowing解析：根据选项此题考察非谓语动词，题干中空格划在名词maps后，空格后部分是对maps解释说明，因此此题考察非谓语动词做定语。根据句意，borrow的动作已经完成，因此选择C。C10.Theisland,_____tothemainlandbyabridge,iseasytogoto.A.joiningB.tojoinC.joinedD.havingjoined解析：join…to…表示“把……连接起来”，joined在句中是过去分词作定语，相当于定语从句whichisjoined…。C过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别区别主要表现在语态和时间关系上首先，在语态上不同：现在分词表示主动的意思，而过去分词多表示被动的意思。请比较：

surprisingnews使人吃惊的消息

surprisedlisteners吃惊的听众值得注意的是，有一些过去分词由不及物动词变来，它们只表示一个动作已完成，没有被动的意味。例如：fallenleaves落叶其次，时间关系上不同：一般来说，现在分词表示的动作往往正在进行，而过去分词所表示的动作往往已经完成。请比较：

thechangingworld

正在发生变化的世界

thechangedworld

已经变化了的世界Therewasaterriblenoise_____thesuddenburstoflight.A.followed

B.following

C.tobefollowed

D.beingfollowed答案B。由于声音在闪电后，因此为声跟随着光，声音为跟随的发出者，为主动。用现在分词。_____someofficials,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.A.Followed

B.Followedby

C.Beingfollowed

D.Havingbeenfollowed答案B。Napoleon与follow之间有被动的含义。beingfollowed除表达被动之外，还有动作正在进行之意。followedby(被…跟随)。本题可改为：Withsome

officialsfollowing,Napoleoninspectedhisarmy.Readthesentences,payingattentiontothepastparticiple.Theglassisbroken.

Ourclassroomiscrowded.

Thegroundiscoveredwithsnow.

IfoundthatIwaslost.

Thosedaysaregone.

Heisdeaddrunk.

二、过去分词作表语1、过去分词作表语，表示主语的特点或所处的状态，其前的系动词有包括be在内的多种形式。

Everyonepresentisveryinspiredathisspeech．听了他的发言，在场的所有人都很振奋。

Youseemfrightened.

你似乎受了惊吓。2、过去分词作表语，构成的系表结构与被动语态的区别：过去分词作表语，强调主语的特点或所处的状态；而被动语态中，主语是动词所表示动作的承受者。

Thisshopisnowclosed．这家商店现在已经关门了。(状态)Thisshopisclosedat6p.m.everyday．这家商店每天6点关门。(动作）

3、现在分词作表语，表示的动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的主谓关系；而过去分词作表语，其动作与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系。如：Thenewswasexcitingandwewereallexcited.＝Thenewswasexcitinganditexcitedusall.Weweresurprisedatwhathesaidatthemeeting.＝Whathesaidatthemeetingsurprisedus.Thepilotaskedallthepassengersonboardtoremain_______astheplanewasmakingalanding.A.seatB.seatingC.seatedD.tobeseating解析：remainseated为系表结构，表示状态。[典型例题]CInApril,thousandsofholidaymakersremained_____abroadduetothevolcanicashcloud.A.sticking B.stuck C.tobestuck D.tohavestuck解析：remain是高考的重点词汇。当它做系动词时，后面接过去分词作表语。B[高考真题]2._____inthepoorestareaofGlasgow,hehadalong,hardroadtobecomingafootballstar.A.Beingraised B.Raising C.Raised D.Toraise3.______inpainting,Johndidn’tnoticeeveningapproaching.

A.Toabsorb B.TobeabsorbedC.Absorbed D.AbsorbingCC4.AswejoinedthebigcrowdIgot______frommyfriends.A.separatedB.sparedC.lostD.missed解析：此题中的got+separated表示状态，separated为过去分词作表语。get/beseparated常与from连用，故答案为A。A一、单项填空。Theconcert_______attheBeijing

Workers’Stadiumwasabigsuccess.A.heldB.holding

C.holdD.tohold2.Walkingoutoftheofficewitha______

smileonherface,sheturnedtosaygoodbyetoherteacher.A.forcingB.forced

C.beingforcedD.havingforcedAB4.Heaskedhisstudentstoremain_____

untilallthepapershadbeenhandedin.A.toseatB.tobeseatedC.seatingD.seated4.Therewasnothing______inthefridge,sohehadtogooutfordinner.A.toleaveB.leaving

C.leftD.tobeleft5.Thestudentswereall_____whentheyheardthe_______news.A.inspired;inspiringB.inspired;inspiredC.inspiring;inspired

D.inspiring;inspiringADC6.Whenhegotback,hefoundthathis

breadhadgotten_______.A.toburnB.burnt

C.burningD.tobeburnt7.ThepolicesaidonThursdaythattheyhada______personofthemurder,whichcouldbeagreathelptothem.A.fearedB.doubtedC.questionedD.suspectedBD二、用括号内动词的适当形式填空。Fortunately,the__________(infect)peopleweresenttohospitalimmediately.2.Theprimarypurposeistomake

achievementsinbiologicalresearch

_________(know)tothepublic.3.“Toseeis___________(believe)!”Icouldn’thelptellingmyself.infected

known

to

believe4.Johntoldmethatthe__________(excite)planwastheoneputforwardbyMr.Zhangatyesterday’smeeting.5.Whenhecameback,hefoundhissonpretendedto___________(work).6.Themuseumonce________(build)forexhibitingfamouscarshasbeenpulleddown.excitingbeworkingbuilt

三、翻译题。1.丢了钱他自责不已。He______________aboutlosingthem