刘敏虚拟语气

虚拟语气IwishI_______(be)astallasyou.wereIwisheveryday_____(be)mybirthday.wereIwish/wishedI

____________(eat)somuchwatermelon.hadn’teaten区别:Ifitrainstomorrow,thecropswillbesaved. Ifitrainedtomorrow,thecropswouldbesaved. Definition陈述语气（theIndicativeMood）用来陈述一个事实，或提出一个想法，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。Thefishisnotalivewithoutwater.虚语语气（theSubjunctiveMood）表示说话人的一种愿望、建议、命令、要求、有时是一种非真实的假设、料想，或是不可能实现的与事实相反的愿望。if引导的虚拟条件句If+主+did(were),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.1.如果我是你，我会再试一次。与现在事实相反的虚拟条件句If+主+haddonesth,主+would/should/could/might+动词完成式（havedone）IfIhadmarriedher,Iwouldhavebeenunhappy.2.要是当时我和她结了婚的话，那我是很不幸的。与过去事实相反的虚拟条件句与将来事实相反的虚拟条件句(通常有时间状语)Ifhecameheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhimaboutit.Ifheweretocomeheretomorrow,Iwouldtellhim.1.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他这件事.2.如果他明天来的话,我会告诉他.If+主+did(wereto/shoulddo),主+would/should/could/might+动词原形时态从句形式主句形式对过去if+主语+haddone主语+could/should/would/might+havedone对将来If+主语+主语+could/should/would/might+do对现在If+主语+did/were主语+could/should/would/might+dodidweretodoshoulddo一、非真实条件句中的虚拟语气Ifyou__________tomorrow,you_________findthenewmanagerworkingintheoffice.A.shouldcome;wouldB.wouldcome;wouldC.willcome;shouldD.comes;mightIftheparents______atthehospitalearlieraftertheaccident,thechildwouldhavebeensaved.A.arrivesB.arriveC.hadarrivedD.hasarrivedIfhe_________he___________thatfood.

Luckilyhewassenttothehospitalimmediately.A.waswarned;wouldnothavetakenB.hadbeenwarned;wouldnothavetakenC.wouldbewarned;hadnottakenD.wouldhavebeenwarned;hadnottakenIdidn’tseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe__________,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascomeB.didcomeC.cameD.hadcome

Ifmylawyer_______herelastSunday,he_______mefromgoing.A.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedB.hadbeen;wouldpreventC.were;wouldpreventD.were;wouldhaveprevented虚拟语气时态的判定注意:假设条件从句谓语动词发生的时间与主句所假设的谓语动词不一致情况下的虚拟语气(混合条件句，这时动作的形式应根据它所表示的时间加以调整。

1.如果过去天气好的话，现在庄稼长得更好了．Iftheweather____________finer,thecrops_______________________stillbetter.2.如果你听了老师的建议的话，你现在就不会在医院里了．Ifyou_______________theteacher’sadvice,you______________inthehospital.3.如果你身体状况好一些的话，我们本可能会让你去帮助他们工作的．Ifyou

inbetterhealth,we_________________youtogotheretohelptheirwork.hadbeencouldhaveallowedwouldbegrowinghadfollowedwouldn’tbewere倒装的If虚拟句条件状语的倒装：如果条件状语中有were,had,should时,可以倒装成：Were/Should/Had+主+其他WereIyou,Iwouldtryitagain.

Hadhebeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Shoulditsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout.IfIwereyou,Iwouldtryitagain.Ifhehadbeenthereyesterday,hewouldhaveseenthefilm.Ifitshouldsnowtomorrow,wewouldn’tgoout._________theexam,hewouldhaveattendacollege.A.IfhepassedB.HadhepassedC.WerehepassedD.Ifheshouldpass_______fiveminutesearlier,youcouldhaveseenthemoff.A.IfyoushouldarriveB.IfyouarriveC.HadyouarrivedD.Shouldyouarrive

________itraintomorrow,weshouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheScienceMuseum.A.WereB.shouldC.wouldD.will

含蓄条件句

非真实条件句中的条件从句有时不表出来，只暗含在上下文中，这种句子叫做含蓄条件句。含蓄条件句大体有三种情况:

1.条件暗含在短语中。如：

WhatwouldIhavedonewithoutyou?(条件暗含在分词短语withoutyou中)

Itwouldbeeasiertodoitthisway.(条件暗含在不定式短语todoitthisway中)

Butforyourhelpwecouldn’thavesucceededintheexperiment.(暗含条件是butforyourhelp)

4.without和butfor构成虚拟。butfor要不是Withoutsunlight,people’slifedifferentfromtoday.Butforyourhelp,Ifinishedthework.Withoutyourhelp,I.Butforwater,itimpossibletoliveinthedesert.wouldbewouldn’thavewouldhavefailedwouldbe2.条件暗含在上下文中。如：

Youmightstayhereforever.(可能暗含ifyouwantedto)

Wewouldhavesucceeded.(可能暗含ifwehadkepttrying)

Yourreputationwouldberuined.

(可能暗含ifyoushouldacceptit)

Iwouldappreciatealittleofyourtime.

(可能暗含ifyouweresokindastogivemealittleofyourtime)

3.在不少情况下，虚拟式已变成习惯说法，很难找出其暗含的条件。如：

Youwouldn’tknow.你不会知道。

Iwouldliketocome.我愿意来。

Iwouldn’thavedreamedofit.这是我做梦也不会想到的。IfonlyIfonly(1)…要是就好了=IwishIfonlyIknewhisnamenow!Ifonlywehadfollowedyouradvicelasttime!IfonlyIcouldseehimagainnextyear!要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。Ifonlyourparentscouldlivewithus!IfonlyIhadn’tmissedthetrain!要是我没错过火车就好了.现在过去将来Did/wereHaddoneCould+动词原形(2)=aslongas常用陈述语气.如果我们紧密团结就一定能战胜一切困难.Wecansurelyovercomethesedifficultiesifonlywearecloselyunited.asif/though2.asif/though+Clause现在：过去：将来:did/were(现在)haddone(过去)Shelovesthebabyasifitwereherownson.HespeaksasifhehadbeentotheUnitedStates.

would+动词原形(将来)注意：如果表示的事情可能会发生，那么状语从句中的谓语动词可用陈述语气。Itlooksasifyouaretired.区别：{HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughheisfromtheUSA. HespeaksEnglishasif/thoughhewerefromtheUSA. 陈述语气虚拟语气Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit__________.A.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenTheactoris58yearsold.Butheactsasifhe_______ayoungman.A.isB.willbeC.amD.wereThecloudsaregettingdarkeranddarker.Itlooksasifit_______rain.A.isgoingtoB.willC.wasgoingtoD.would名词性从句中要求用虚拟语气的动词1.表示要求,命令,建议的虚拟语气一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求1.insist2.order,command3.advise,suggest,propose(advice,suggestion,proposal)4.demand,require,request,desire这些词引导的名词性从句要使用虚拟语气。即从句中的动词使用should+动词原形，或者将should省略。suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,adviceetc.引导的宾语从句要用虚拟语气，以(should)+v原的形式出现。Weallsuggestthathe(should)finishhishomeworkfirst.Thecaptaincommandedthatallthesailors

(should)getdowntoworkatonce.It’ssuggested(ordered,demanded,proposed,commanded,requested,desired,insisted,required)that…后面的主语从句中要使用虚拟语气，也以(should)+v原.的形式出现。It’sorderedthatonlyGerman(should)betaughtatschoolsinAlsasandLorin.It’srequestedthatallthestudents(should)wearschooluniformsatschool.

以上这些动词的名词形式后面的表语从句和同位语从句中也要用虚拟语气，也应以(should)+v原.的形式出现。Mysuggestionisthatyou(should)gohomefirstbeforecominghere.Hisrequestthathiscost(should)bepaid

bythehouriscompletelyreasonable.Theordercamethatthework(should)befinishedtwodaysaheadoftimeMyadviceisthatyou(should)practisespeakingEnglishasoftenaspossible

Mydemandisthatshe_______________(come)toseemeonceaweek.Allofusarefortheadvicethatthechemicalworks

(be)closeddown.Hesuggestedthatwe____________(go)toBeijingforsightseeing.Theproposalthatwe

(go)outforapicnicwaswarmlywelcomed.(should)go(should)come(should)be(should)go表语从句同位语从句宾语从句同位语从句注意：如suggest,insist用于其本意“暗示、表明“、”坚持认为“时，宾语从句用陈述语气。1.Theguardatgateinsistedthateverybody__________(obey)therules.2.Heinsistedthatshe______(be)seriouslyillandthat_________(send)tohospitalsatonce.3.Hesuggestedthatwe________(have)ameetingatonce.4.Hispalefacesuggestedthathe______(be)ill.obeywasbesenthavewaswish引导的虚拟句IwishIrememberedtheaddress.我要是记得地址就好了。（真可惜我忘了）HowIwishhehadnotleft.要是他没有离开这里就好了。（他已离开）Iwishitwouldraintomorrow.要是明天下雨就好了。（说话人以预料明天不会下雨）wish+thatHowIwishIfonlydid/were现在haddone过去would/might/woulddo将来Exercises:“HaveyouvisitedtheScienceMuseum?”“No,butIreallywishI_______.”

A.had B.did C.have D.willIdidn’tgototheparty,butIdowishI_____there.A.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wentIwishI_________youyesterday.A.seeB.didseeC.hadseenD.weretosee

-----Heisabraveman.-----Yes,IwishI_________hiscourage.A.HaveB.hadC.willhaveD.wouldhaveTomcantakehiscarapartandputitbacktogetheragain.Icertainlywishhe_____mehow.A.teachesB.willteachC.hastaughtD.wouldteachThepictureexhibitionboredmetodeath.IwishI___________toit.A.hadn’tgoneB.haven’tgoneC.didn’tgoD.couldnothavegoneHowIwishI__________that!Everybodypresentwasangrywithme.A.didn’tgoB.hadn’tdoneC.wouldn’tdoD.wasn’tdoing虚拟语气特殊句型：1.wouldratherthat现在：过去：未来：过去时过去完成时过去时Iwouldratheryoupaidmenow.Iwouldratheryouhadgone,too.Don’tcome.Iwouldratheryoucametomorrow.注意:在主语＋would(had)rather＋that宾语从句中，从句谓语一般用过去式表示虚拟形式。例如:我真希望你告诉我真相。

I’dratheryoutoldmethetruth.我宁愿不再见着你。

I’dratherIdidn’tseeyouagain.我倒希望他们和我一起去。Iwouldrathertheywentwithme.2.It’snecessary/strange/natural/important+that---Clause从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形Itisimportantthatwe(should)masteraforeignlanguage.Itisstrangethatsherefusetocometotheparty.It’snecessarythatweshouldstudyhard.3.It’s(about/high)time+that---过去时should+V.你该走了。It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.我们该去睡觉了。It’stimethatwewenttobed.It’stimethatweshouldgotobed.Should不能省略4.用“may+动词原形”表示祝愿，但愿，此时may须置于句首Maygoodluck

be

yours!祝你好运！

Mayyou

be

happy!祝你快乐！

Mayyou

do

evenbetter!祝你取得更大成就Long

live

thepeople!人民万岁！

“God

bless

you,”saidthepriest.牧师说：“愿上帝保佑你！”practice1Hesuggestedthatthemeeting

putoff.

A.notbe

B.shouldnot

C.wouldn’t

D.benot

2Itisstrangethathe

so.

A.thinks

B.think

C.thought

D.willthink

3IwishI

myuncleyesterday.

A.met

B.havemet

C.wouldmeet

D.hadmet

4Theoldprofessorgaveordersthattheexperiment

before6.

A.wasfinished

B.willfinish

C.befinished

D.shallbefinished

5.Shesaysshe’dratherhe____tomorrowinsteadoftoday.A.hadB.shouldleaveC.leavesD.left6.It’salready5o’clocknow.Don’tyouthinkit’sabouttime____?A.wearegoinghomeB.ifsheleavesC.wewenthome

D.ifshehadleft7It’shightimehe

home.

A.goes

B.went

C.willgo

D.isgoingtogo

8

yousucceedand

youbehealthy.

A.May…may

B.Wish…wish

C.Hope…hope

D.Should…may

9Galileoinsistedthattheearth

roundthesun.

A.shouldmove

B.move

C.moves

D.AorB10IfonlyI____

tomyparents’advice!

A.listening

B.listen

C.amlistening

D.hadlistened

11---Whydidn’tyoucometothepartyyesterday?

---I____

,butanunexpectedvisitorcametoseeme.

A.did

B.would

C.had

D.wasgoingto

12I’dratheryou____

methenews.

A.nottell

B.nottotell

C.didn’ttell

D.hadn’t