剑桥商务英语(镐京学院录制材料)

TheBankingBusiness2/4/20231ChenJianhuiPartOne2/4/20232ChenJianhuiBankingBusinessWhatdoesabankdo?Howdoesabankoperate?Fromthetextwewilllearnsomethingaboutbanksandtheirbusiness,especiallytheUKbankingbusiness,whichissomewhatdifferentfromthatofourcountry.2/4/20233ChenJianhuiThebasicfunctionsofabank:acceptingandsafeguardingdepositsofmoneyfromcustomers;permittingmoneytobewithdrawnortransferredfromoneaccounttoanother;lendingthesurplusofdepositedmoneytosuitablecustomerswhowishtoborrow.2/4/20234ChenJianhui银行的基本职能：接受客户的存款并保证其安全；允许存款的自由支取或转帐；将存款的赢余贷给希望借款的合适的客户。2/4/20235ChenJianhuiAsoundbankingsystemdependson:partlyonthecontrolexercisedbythecentralbankand,toalargeextent,onthecustomer’strustinthebank.

良好的银行体系部分取决于中央银行的管理，另外在很大的程度上取决于客户对银行的信任。2/4/20236ChenJianhuiThecustomertruststhathisdepositswillbelookedafterinthebestpossiblewayandthatwhenhewishestowithdrawhismoney,thefundswillbeavailable.客户相信他的存款在银行得到最好方式的照看和保管，他还相信当他想取钱时，随时可得到资金。2/4/20237ChenJianhuiBankshaveamajorresponsibilitytobehavelikeagoodcitizensinbusinessiftheywishtoenjoythetrustofthecustomers.如果银行要得到客户的信任，他们有责任在业务经营中表现得象好公民。Howtobehavelikeagoodcitizeninbusiness?2/4/20238ChenJianhuiProfitabilityremainsamajorconsiderationtoabank,butthismustsometimesbesetasideinfavorofaninformedandethicaljudgmentthattakesaccountoftheinterestofothers.对于银行盈利性始终是要考虑的首要问题，但有时必须支持有见地、符合道德标准、顾及他人利益的判断决定，把盈利性搁置一边。2/4/20239ChenJianhuiWhatdobankshavetorememberwhenlendingmoney?

Theymustrememberthatthesourceoftheirfundsiscustomers’deposits,andsoitisimportantthattheyshouldlendwherethereisaminimalriskofnon-repayment.

他们必须牢记他们的资金来源是客户的存款，因此重要的是应该把资金借给拒绝偿付的风险最低的地方。2/4/202310ChenJianhuiThebankshaveoftenbeencriticizedfornotlendingmorefreely,butahighriskoflosswillfrequentlydeterthemfromgrantinganadvanceevenifthehighestratesofinterestcouldbecharged.人们常常批评银行不能更自由地提供贷款，但即使可能收取最高的利率，高风险的损失往往会阻止银行发放贷款。2/4/202311ChenJianhuiThenatureofacommercialbank:Acommercialbankisabusinessfirmthatspecializesinprovidingfinancialservices.Itisalsocalleda“departmentstoreoffinance”.Becauseitoffersthewidestrangeoffinancialservices,and;itperformsthewidestrangeoffinancialfunctions.商业银行是专门提供金融服务的企业公司。商业银行也叫做金融百货商店。因为商业银行提供最广范的金融业务。并且最大范围地履行其金融职责。aaaa2/4/202312ChenJianhuiThebankingbusiness:Traditionalservices传统业务workingcapitalloans周转资金贷款start-uploans启动资金贷款syndicatedloans辛迪加贷款projectfinancing项目融资foreigntradefinancing外贸融资overdraftfacilities透支业务personalloans个人贷款2/4/202313ChenJianhui

travelfacilities

旅行服务便利

traveler‘scheques旅行支票

remittanceservices汇兑业务

travelinsuranceservices旅行保险业务depositsandsavings储蓄存款业务certificateofdeposits大额存单creditcardservices信用卡业务internationalsettlementservices国际结算业务2/4/202314ChenJianhui

foreignexchangedealings外汇交易automatictellermachines(ATMs)柜员机factoringservices保付代理业务discountingofbills票据贴现业务hirepurchase租购leasing租赁investmentandpersonaladviceservices个人投资咨询业务guaranteeservices担保业务2/4/202315ChenJianhui

Innovationsincommercialbanking创新业务:personalandbusinesstrust个人和企业信托securitiesunderwriting证券承销cashmanagement现金管理securitiesbrokerage证券经纪realestatebrokerage不动产经纪internationalfinanceservices国际金融业务2/4/202316ChenJianhuiAllservices(includingtraditionalservices,suchasofferingsofloansanddeposits)offeredbycommercialbanksadduptogreaterconveniencefortheircustomers.

商业银行提供的所有业务（包括存贷款业务之类的传统业务）给他们的顾客增加了更大的便利。2/4/202317ChenJianhuiTheimportanceofthecommercialbankscanbestbeillustratedbytherolesofbanksinthetheoryoffinanceandabriefexplanationoftheirmajorfunctions.

金融理论中的银行作用部分能够很好地阐述商业银行的重要性，并且简要地说明其主要职能。2/4/202318ChenJianhuiPartTwo2/4/202319ChenJianhuiTypesofAccountThefollowingaretheprincipaltypesofaccountavailabletocustomersoftheClearingbanks.2/4/202320ChenJianhuiCurrentAccounts（活期账户）

Thedistinguishingfeaturesofacurrentaccountareasfollows:1.Thebalancestandingtoacustomer’screditoncurrentaccountisrepayableondemandandhehastherighttodrawcheques.2/4/202321ChenJianhui

2.Acustomermaybegrantedanoverdraft,thatistosay,hemaybepermittedtodrawchecksuptoanagreedfigurebeyondtheamountstandingtothecreditofhiscurrentaccount.2/4/202322ChenJianhui

3.Ifabankmanagerwhohasreceivedarequestforanoverdraftsubmitsanapplicationtohisheadofficeortohisregionaloffice,heshouldbeverycarefulnottosayanythingtothecustomerregardingtheoutcomeoftheapplicationwhichmightmisleadingthecustomer.2/4/202323ChenJianhuiIfhedoesmisleadthecustomerandthecustomersuffersloss,thebankmaybeliableindamagesforthemanager’snegligence.

2/4/202324ChenJianhui4.Ifacustomeroverdrawshiscurrentaccountwithoutthebank’spermission,hemaytherebycommitanoffenceundertheTheftAct1968.2/4/202325ChenJianhuiThiswasdecidedinHalsteadv.Patel,whereacustomerdeliberatelyoverdrewhisaccountwiththeNationalGiroalthoughheknewthathewasnotpermittedtodoso.

theNationalGiro国民转帐银行2/4/202326ChenJianhui5.Thebanknormallyallowsnointerestonsumsstandingtothecustomer’scredit.

2/4/202327ChenJianhui6.Thebankchargesinterestonaday-to-daybasisonoverdraftsoncurrentaccount.Therateofinterestisamatterforagreement,butisveryfrequentlybetweenonepercentandfivepercentabovethebank’sbaserate.

2/4/202328ChenJianhui7.Thebankusuallychargecommissionforservicesrendered,whethertheaccountisincreditorisoverdrawn.Commissionisnormallydebitedhalf-yearlyorquarterly.

2/4/202329ChenJianhui8.Thebanksuppliescustomerswithperiodicalloose-leafstatementssettingoutthedebitandcreditentriesintheiraccounts.

loose-leaf活页的2/4/202330ChenJianhuiDepositAccounts（定期存款账户）

Thedistinguishingfeaturesofadepositaccountareasfollows:1.Thebalancestandingtoacustomer’screditondepositaccountisrepayableuponpersonalapplicationafterastatedperiodofnotice,whichatthepresenttimeisusuallysevendays.Somedepositsaremadeforfixedterms,suchasone,two,three,sixortwelvemonths.2/4/202331ChenJianhui2.Thecustomerhasnorighttodrawcheques.3.Thebankallowsinterestonsumsstandingtothecustomer’screditataratewhichvarieswithitsbaserate.2/4/202332ChenJianhui4.Thebankdoesnotusuallychargecommissiononadepositaccount.Ifservices,suchasthecollectionofdividendsorthepaymentofstandingorders,areundertaken,thecustomerwillnormallyhaveacurrentaccountaswellasadepositaccount,andcommissionwillthereforbechargedinthecurrentaccount.

standingorder（客户委托银行定期付款的）长期委托书股息，红利2/4/202333ChenJianhui5.Thebanksuppliesitscustomerwithapass-booksettingoutthedebitandcreditentriesintheaccount.Alternatively,ifafixedsumistobedeposited,itisstillthepracticeinsomepartsofthecountryforthebanktoissuetoitscustomera‘depositreceipt’.pass-book银行存折，房屋建筑协会借贷簿depositreceipt存款收据2/4/202334ChenJianhuiSavingsAccounts（储蓄账户）Theseaccountsareaspecialtypeofdepositaccountwhichareintendedprimarilyforsmallsavers.Therateofinterestonsavingsaccountsisusuallyalittlelowerthanthatondepositaccounts,buttherateisfairlystatic,thatistosay,itdoesnotvarywitheverychangeinbaserate.2/4/202335ChenJianhuiSomebanksallowthefulldepositaccountrateofinterestonsavingsaccountbalancesinexcessofacertainfigure,e.g.￡200.

2/4/202336ChenJianhuiLoanAccounts（贷款账户）Themostusualmethodoflendingmoneytoacustomerisbywayofoverdraftoncurrentaccount.However,therearecaseswhereitisdesirabletoadvanceafixedsumbywayofloanaccount,theproceedsbeingcreditedtothecustomer’scurrentaccount.2/4/202337ChenJianhuiThisoccurs,forexample,whentheborrowingpowersofthecustomerarelimitedbylaw.Interestiscalculatedontheamountofaloanoutstandingonadailybasis.Sometimes,repaymentiseffectedbyperiodictransfersoffixedamountsfromcurrentaccounttoloanaccount.

2/4/202338ChenJianhuiPersonalLoanAccounts（个人贷款账户）Theseaccountwereintroducedbysomebanksin1958.Thespecialfeaturesofsuchaccountsarethatnosecurityisrequired,andthatarrangementsaremadeforrepaymentoftheloantogetherwithinterestbyequalmonthlyinstalmentsoverperiodsfromsixmonthstofiveyears.抵押，担保a2/4/202339ChenJianhuiInthewaythetotalamounttobepaidbywayofchargesisknownattheoutset.Asageneralrule,theloansrangefromaminimumof￡50toamaximumofabout￡5000.attheoutset在开始时，从一开始2/4/202340ChenJianhuiAsthename‘personalloan’implies,thisserviceisintendedprimarilyforfinancingitemsofdomesticexpenditure,forexample,thepurchaseoffurnitureoracar.domesticexpenditure家庭费用，家庭开支2/4/202341ChenJianhuiTheagreementinrespectofapersonalloanusuallyprovidesthat,iftheborrowerdiesbeforecompletingtherepayments,thedebtwillbecancelled,providedthattheinstalmentshavepreviouslybeenkeptuptodate.…如果以前一直能够按时付款。2/4/202342ChenJianhuiPartlybecauseofthisinsuranceoverandpartlybecausenosecurityisrequired,ahigherrateofinterestischargedinrespectofpersonalloanthantherateswhichapplytothemoreusualtypesofbanklending.

2/4/202343ChenJianhuiOtherLoansRepayablebyInstalments（其它分期付款的贷款）Somebanksofferothertypesofloansrepayablebymonthlyinstalments,suchasbusinessdevelopmentloans,houseimprovementloans,andfarmdevelopmentloans.2/4/202344ChenJianhuiThesemaybeeithersecuredorunsecured.Securedloansattractaslightlylowerrateofinterestthanunsecuredloans.securedloans有担保的贷款unsecuredloans无担保贷款2/4/202345ChenJianhuiRevolvingCreditSchemes（循环信用计划）Somebanksofferrevolvingcreditschemes.Thesenormallyinvolveloansrepayablebyregularmonthlyinstalments,buttheydifferfromotherloansrepayablebyinstalmentsintworespects.2/4/202346ChenJianhuiFirst,theborrowerneednottakeupthefullamountoftheloanattheoutset.Secondly,ashisrepaymentsreducehisindebtedness,hecan‘topup’hisloanbyborrowingmore,providedthatthetotaldebtoutstandingdoesnotexceedhisagreedcreditlimit.2/4/202347ChenJianhuiBudgetAccounts（家庭预算账户）In1967somebanksintroducedanewformofaccountcalleda‘budgetaccount’.Theobjectistoallowpersonalcustomerstospreadtheincidenceofnormalpersonalandhouseholdexpenditure,suchasfuelbills,rates,seasontickets,carinsuranceandschoolfees.2/4/202348ChenJianhuiThetotalamountoftheserecurringitemsfortheyearisestimated,andthecustomertransfersthisamountbytwelveequalmonthlyinstalmentsintohisbudgetaccount.recurringitems

循环账目2/4/202349ChenJianhuiHethenmakesthepaymentsoutofthisaccountasandwhentheyfalldue.Thus,budgetaccountmayattimesbeoverdrawnwhenpaymentsoutoftheaccountexceedtheamountstransferringintoit.

2/4/202350ChenJianhuiExercisesAnswerthefollowingquestions:1.Whatarethebasicfunctionsofabank?Acceptingandsafeguardingdepositsofmoneyfromcustomers;permittingmoneytobewithdrawnortransferredfromoneaccounttoanother;lendingthesurplusofdepositedmoneytosuitablecustomerswhowishtoborrow.2/4/202351ChenJianhui2.Whatisthesourceofabank’sfunds?Thebank’ssourceoffundsistheircustomer’sdeposits.3.WhichisthecentralbankofGreatBritain?TheBankofEngland.2/4/202352ChenJianhui4.Whataretheservicesprovidedbycommercialbanksaccordingtothetext?takingindepositsandsavingsmakingloansexchangingcurrenciesdiscountingthebillsornotespersonalandbusinesstrustsecuritiesunderwriting2/4/202353ChenJianhuicashmanagementsecuritybrokeragerealestatebrokerageinternationalsettlementforeignexchangedealinginternationalfinanceservices2/4/202354ChenJianhuiTurnthefollowingintoEnglish:1.票据交换系统2.零售银行3.专业银行4.中央银行5.资金来源6.坏帐7.储蓄银行8.银行业务9.存款和贷款10.房地产市场11.拒绝偿付的风险12.利率13.金融业务14.现金管理15.证券承销16.商业银行17.银行系统18.不动产经纪2/4/202355ChenJmercialbank17.bankingsystem18.realestatebrokerage2/4/202356ChenJianhuiTurnthefollowingintoChinese:1.TheyaregoingtowithdrawalargeamountofmoneyfromtheIndustrialandCommercialBankofChina.

他们打算从中国工商银行支取一大笔款子.2/4/202357ChenJianhui2.TheNationalGirobankisessentiallyamoneytransmissionservicebasedaroundacentralcomputertowhichallaccountholders’paymentinstructionsaresentforprocessing.

国民转帐银行基本上是一个以一台中央计算机为主的货币划拨系统，银行所有帐户持有人的付款指令都被送到中央计算机进行处理。2/4/202358ChenJianhuiPartThree2/4/202359ChenJianhuiBankDeposits

Therearethreemaintypesofbankdepositandbuildingsocietydeposits.First,therearesightdeposits.Thesearedefinedasdepositswhichmaybewithdrawnondemandwithoutlimitorpenalty.sightdeposit即期存款（又称demanddeposit)包括活期存款(currentaccount)，隔夜资金(overnightmoney)及通知存款(moneyatcall)。2/4/202360ChenJianhuiMostofthemearninterest,usuallyatafloatingratewhichmovesinstepwiththeoccasionalchangesinbankorbuildingsocietybaserates.2/4/202361ChenJianhuiTheratesondepositsaregenerallywellbelowbaserates.Sightdepositscanbewithdrawnthroughcashdispensersorbychequeandareoftencalledcurrentaccounts.cashdispenser现金出纳机currentaccount活期存款（并不一定支付利息）美国称支票帐户（checkingaccount）2/4/202362ChenJianhui

Secondly,therearetimedepositswhichalwaysearninterest.Thenametimedepositsarisesbecause,inprinciple,thesedepositsmaynotusuallybewithdrawnwithoutnotice.timedeposits定期存款2/4/202363ChenJianhuiThenoticewillbeagreedbetweenthebankandthedepositorwhenthedepositisfirstopened.2/4/202364ChenJianhuiHowever,thereisonegroupoftimedepositscalledinstantsavingsaccountswherelimitedwithdrawalsmaybemadewithoutanynoticebeingformallyrequired.instantsavingsaccount自动转存储蓄帐户limitedwithdrawal限额提款2/4/202365ChenJianhuiFormodesttimedeposits,likethoseheldbymanyhouseholds,periodsofaweekoramontharemostcommon,andthesedepositsareoftencalleddepositaccounts.modesta.程度不高的，中等的depositaccount存款帐户,储蓄帐户能生息但提款要事先通知银行的帐户。2/4/202366ChenJianhuiInpractice,thesesmalldepositscanoftenbewithdrawnwithoutnotice,butinthatcasethereisapenaltyintheformofsomelossofinterest.2/4/202367ChenJianhuiTheinterestratesonthesesmalldepositsareusuallyfloatingrates,andtheyareusually2--5%belowthebank’scurrentbaserates.2/4/202368ChenJianhuiHowever,higherfixedratesareavailableonsomedeposits,notablymanylong-termbuildingsocietydepositscalledbonds.Forsumsof,say,￡500ormore,householdscanusefixedtermdepositswhosetermsrangefromafewdaysuptoperhapsfiveyears.2/4/202369ChenJianhuiThesedepositsearnhigherinterestrates,whichmaybefixedorfloating,butnowithdrawalsarealloweduntilthetermhasended.2/4/202370ChenJianhuiPeoplecanearnlimitedamountsoftax-freeinterestfromspecialtimedepositscalledtax-exemptspecialsavingsaccounts(TESSAs).tax-freeinterest免税利息tax-exemptspecialsavingsaccount特别免税储蓄帐户2/4/202371ChenJianhuiIn1999,thesewillbereplacedbypersonalfundscalledindividualsavingsaccounts(ISAs).ISAswillalsoallowpeopletoearnsometax-freeincomefromsecurities.personalfunds个人基金individualsavingsaccount个人储蓄帐户2/4/202372ChenJianhuiOnverylargefixed-termdepositsofperhaps￡100,000ormore,whichwouldgenerallybeplacedonlybycompanies,bankstendtoofferevenhigherinterestrates.2/4/202373ChenJianhuiTheseratesusuallylinkedtotheirLIBIDratesratherthantotheirbaserates.Withadepositof,say,￡5m,acompanymightsecurethefullLIBIDrate,butwithanythinglessitwouldprobablybeofferedaslightlylowerrate.LIBIDrate（LondonInterbankBidRate的简称）伦敦同业存款利率LIBOR（LondonInterbankOfferedRate的简称）伦敦同业拆出利率2/4/202374ChenJianhuiMostdepositslikethesearemadeonthebasisthattheratewillbechangedeverythreeorsixmonthsinlinewiththecurrentthreeorsix-monthLIBIDrate.2/4/202375ChenJianhuiThirdly,therearecertificatesofdeposit(CDs).Thesearelargedeposits,usuallyover￡100,000,thatcannotbewithdrawnuntilanagreedmaturitydate.certificateofdeposit大额存单anagreedmaturitydate约定的到期日2/4/202376ChenJianhuiThisdateisusuallybetweenonemonthandoneyearafterthedepositisplaced,butitmaybeuptofiveyearslater.CDsalwaysearninterest,almostalwaysatafixedrate,andtheinterestispaidatmaturityexceptonCDslastingoverayear,whenitispaidannually.存款的期限为一个月至一年，但也可超过5年。大额存单总能获取利息，利率几乎总是固定的，一般在到期日支付利息，但如果期限超过一年，就按年度支付。2/4/202377ChenJianhuiCDratesarenottiedtobaseratesorLIBIDrates,but,likeLIBIDrates,theychangefrequently.AlthoughCDscannotbewithdrawn,theycanbemarketed,thatissold,atanytime.2/4/202378ChenJianhuiThismeansthatCDsaremoreflexiblethanfixed-termdeposits,sobanksandbuildingsocietiescanofferslightlylowerinterestratesonthem.

CDsaretradedinthemoneymarket.ThismeansthatpeoplewhowishtobuyorsellCDswillusuallyeitherapproachamoneybrokerorabank.moneybroker货币经纪人2/4/202379ChenJianhuiAllbanksactuallyholdsomeCDs–whichmeanstheyareeffectivelyholdingdepositsatotherbanks–andtheyareusuallywillingtotradeinCDs.2/4/202380ChenJianhuiTheyquoteabidpricefortheCDswhichtheybuyandaslightlyhigheraskpriceforthosewhichtheysell;thustheyhaveabidaskspread.MoneybrokersdonotgenerallyholdCDs,buttheyputpartieswhowishtotradeCDsintouchwitheachother.bidprice买方出价，标价askprice卖方出价，卖价，出价亦称offeredprice,askingprice。bidaskspread买卖差价2/4/202381ChenJianhuiThepartiesmaytradeatapriceinbetweenthebidandaskpricesofferedbythebanks,andthismeansthebuyerwillsecureaslightlylowerpriceandtheselleraslightlyhigherpricethanwouldbesecuredbytradingwithbanks;交易的各方在银行提供的买卖价格范围内进行交易，就是说买方得到的价格比与银行交易的价格稍低，卖方得到的价格比与银行交易的价格稍高;但其收益可能被经纪人收取的手续费而抵销。2/4/202382ChenJianhuibutthesegainsmaywellbeoffsetbythecommissionfeeswhichthebrokerwillcharge.

offsetv.冲销，抵销commissionfee手续费，佣金2/4/202383ChenJianhuiExercisesTurnthefollowingintoChinese:1)moneybroker2)currentaccount3)timedeposit4)depositaccount

2/4/202384ChenJianhui5)tax-freeinterest6)individualsavingsaccount7)certificateofdeposit8)askprice9)bidaskspread10)commissionfee2/4/202385ChenJianhuiMultiplechoice:

1)Certificatesofdepositarelargedepositsofover￡100,000and_____untilanagreedmaturitydate.A.canbewithdrawnB.canbewithdrawnwithoutinterestC.cannotbewithdrawnD.cannotbewithdrawnwithoutnotice

C2/4/202386ChenJianhui2)Bankstendtoofferevenhigherinterestratesonverylarge________ofperhaps￡100,000ormore,whichwouldgenerallybeplacedonlybycompanies.A.fixed-termdepositsB.sightdepositsC.currentaccountD.tax-exemptspecialsavingsaccountsA2/4/202387ChenJianhui3)Thethreemaintypesofbankdepositandbuildingsocietydepositsare______.A.currentaccounts,savingsaccountsandtax-exemptspecialsavingsaccountsB.depositaccounts,savingsaccountsandtax-exemptspecialsavingsaccountsC.fixed-timedeposits,largedepositsandcertificatesofdepositD.sightdeposits,timedepositsandcertificatesofdepositD2/4/202388ChenJianhui4)Sightdepositscanbewithdrawnthroughcashdispensersorbychequeandareoftencalled_______.A.currentaccountsB.depositaccountsC.savingsaccountsD.instantsavingsaccountsA2/4/202389ChenJianhui5)Thenametimedepositsarisesbecausethesedepositsmaynotbewithdrawn________.A.atmaturitydateB.withoutnoticeC.withnoticeD.inayearB2/4/202390ChenJianhuiPartFour2/4/202391ChenJianhuiBankAdvances

Bankadvancescomeinthreemainforms:overdrafts,personalloansandmortgages.bankadvance银行贷款overdraftn.(英国)透支公司或个人经银行允许可从其银行帐上超余额提取资金personalloan个人贷款mortgage抵押贷款2/4/202392ChenJianhuiAnoverdraftisaloanwhoseamountisjustsufficienttopreventtheborrower’sdepositfromgoingbelowzero.Thesumborrowedrisesandfallsasandwhentheborrowerdebitsorcreditsthedepositconcerned,andinterestisdueonthefluctuatingamountborrowed.透支的金额仅够使借款人的存款余额不低于零。透支所借的数额随着借款人的有关存款的收支情况而增减，这种上下波动的借款是要付利息的2/4/202393ChenJianhuiTheinterestratesthatbankschargeonoverdraftsarerelatedtotheircurrentbaseratebutarealwayswellabovetheirbaserate.2/4/202394ChenJianhuiInprinciple,theyadddifferentamountstotheirbaseratefordifferentcustomersaccordingtotheirperceivedcredit-worthiness,butinpracticetheyapplyastandardamountformostpersonalcustomers.credit-worthiness信誉2/4/202395ChenJianhuiHowever,theydochargemuchhigherratesforanydepositorswhorunupoverdraftswithoutprioragreement.runup积欠（账款，债务等）2/4/202396ChenJianhuiBankschangetheirbaseratesfairlyinfrequently,butbecausetheirbaseratesoftenchangeoverthelifeofanoverdraft,overdraftsaresaidtobechargedinterestatafloatingrate.2/4/202397ChenJianhuiWithapersonalloan,abankcustomeragreestoborrowafixedsum,say

￡1,200,andalsoagreesarepaymentschedulewhichmight,forexample,involverepaying￡100amonthoverthenextyear.2/4/202398ChenJianhuiSomepersonalloansaremadeforaslongas10years.Interestischargedatafixedratethatisagreedinadvance.Therateonapersonalloanislinkedtothebaserateatthetimewhentheloanismade,butitisalwayshigherthanthebaserate.inadvance事先2/4/202399ChenJianhuiTheadditionismeasuredintermsofbasispoints.Forexample,iftheadditioninthecaseofoneborroweris800basispoints,thenthatborrowerwillpayaratethatis8%abovebaserate,eachbasispointadding0.01%.additionn.附加费basispoint基点，基本点一个基点等于0.01%，是衡量市场利率变动的基本单位2/4/2023100ChenJianhuiThenumberofbasispointsonaloanmaydependalittleonthelengthoftheloanandontheamountborrowed,butitwilldependchieflyonthecreditworthinessoftheborrower.2/4/2023101ChenJianhuiThestatedinterestratesonpersonalloansoftenlookdeceptivelylowbecausetheymaynotbetheactualinterestrates.deceptivelyadv.骗人地，靠不住地2/4/2023102ChenJianhuiThisarisesbecausethestatedratesaresometimesexpressedbyworkingouttheinterestpaymentsasapercentageoftheinitialloan,whichwouldbe￡1,200intheexamplegivenhere,eventhoughtheaverageamountborrowedovertheperiodoftheloanisconsiderablylower.这种情况的产生是因为有时把支付的利息算作首次贷款的一个百分比。在上述例子中可能是1200英镑，即使贷款期间实际借入的金额要低得多。2/4/2023103ChenJianhuiAmortgageisaloanthatismadeforalongperiodtohelpsomeonebuyorimproveahome.2/4/2023104ChenJianhuiBankmortgagesaremadeatfloatingratesandcloselyresemblebuildingsocietymortgages,mostofwhicharemadespeciallyforbuyingorimprovinghomes.buildingsocietymortgage房屋互助协会抵押贷款2/4/2023105ChenJianhuiBuildingsocietymortgagesareusuallymadeonalong-termbasis,oftenupto25years,butmanyofthemarepaidoffwithinthattimeaspeoplerarelystayinonehomesolong.

on…basis(=onthebasisof…)按照…方式例如：onalong-termbasis（长期地）；onafloatingratebasis（按浮动利率）；onthebasisofcollection(或onthecollectionbasis)按托收的方式2/4/2023106ChenJianhuiOfcourse,whenpeoplemove,theymaywantanewmortgagetohelppurchasetheirnewhome.Mortgagesaretypicallymadeonafloatingratebasis.2/4/2023107ChenJianhuiSomemortgagesaremadeontheunderstandingthatborrowerswillpaythemoffsteadilyovertheperiodoftheloan,whileothersaremadeontheunderstandingthattheborrowerswillpaythemoffattheendinasingleinstalment.ontheunderstandingthat…以…为条件，如果…instalmentn.分期付款2/4/2023108ChenJianhuiHouseholdsmayhaveotherloanssuchascardloans,whichariseoncardsofvarioussorts.Onesort,knownascreditcards,areissuedbybanks,sotheloansassociatedwiththesecardscould,arguably,beseenasanotherformofbankadvance.cardloan卡式贷款creditcard信用卡非现金结算的一种工具。是由银行或信用卡公司开给个人使用的、证明持卡人身份和信用程度的消费信贷凭证。持卡人可用信用卡代替现金到特约商店直接购物，及支付其它消费所需；或在自动提款机上取款；到约定银行兑换现金；还可以在额度之内透支。a2/4/2023109ChenJianhuiCreditcardholderscanchargepurchasestotheircreditcardaccounts,andtheyreceivemonthlystatements.Iftheypaythefullamountshownontheirmonthlystatementsfairlypromptly,thennointerestisdue.creditcardaccount信用卡帐户monthlystatement月结单，月对帐单2/4/2023110ChenJianhuiIftheydonot,theninterestisdueontheoutstandingamountatarelativelyhighandfloatingrate.Thereareindividuallyagreedlimitsonthetotalamountthatpeoplecanchargetotheircardaccounts.outstandingamount未偿金额2/4/2023111ChenJianhuiChargecardsaresimilartocreditcardsexceptthatfullpaymentsmustbemadepromptlysothatextendedborrowingisnotallowed.ThemainexamplesareAmericanExpressandDinersClub.chargecard借记卡应支付费用，但不允许透支的信用卡，每月底必须结算费用。可以在自动现金提款机上提取现金和用于消费付款。Express运通卡

DinersClub大莱卡2/4/2023112ChenJianhuiSomecreditcardsandchargecardsarecalledgoldcards.Theseofferhighercreditlimitsand,ifthe