船舶安全与管理第七章

CHARPTERVII

ShipboardEmergency

&MedicalAidEMERGENCYPREPAREDNESS

TheCompanyshouldestablishprocedurestoidentify,describeandrespondtopotentialemergencyshipboardsituations.TheCompanyshouldestablishprogrammesfordrillsandexercisestoprepareforemergencyactions.ThesafetymanagementsystemshouldprovideformeasuresensuringthattheCompany'sorganizationcanrespondatanytimetohazards,accidentsandemergencysituationsinvolvingitsships.第七章海上船舶安全应急和医疗急救主要内容船舶安全应急部署与应急反应船舶消防与应急反应船舶救生与应急反应碰撞、搁浅/触礁、机器故障应急国际商船搜寻救助ShipboardEmergency&MedicalAidMustersEmergencytraininganddrillsAbandonshipdrillFiredrillsOtherdrillsMaritimeSearchandRescueShipboardMedicalFirstAidMustersGeneralcontentsEmergencyalarmsemergencyinstructionsEmergencytraininganddrillsMusterlist-GeneralThemusterlistshallspecifydetailsofthegeneralemergencyalarmEachpassengershipshallhaveproceduresinplaceforlocatingandrescuingpassengerstrappedintheirstaterooms.ThemusterlistshallshowthedutiesassignedtothedifferentmembersofthecrewMusterlist-GeneralThemusterlistshallspecifywhichofficersareassignedtoensurethatlife-savingandfireappliancesaremaintainedingoodconditionandarereadyforimmediateuse.Themusterlistshallspecifysubstitutesforkeypersonswhomaybecomedisabled,takingintoaccountthatdifferentemergenciesmaycallfordifferentactions.Musterlist-GeneralThemusterlistshallshowthedutiesassignedtomembersofthecrewinrelationtopassengersincaseofemergencyThemusterlistshallbepreparedbeforetheshipproceedstosea.Afterthemusterlisthasbeenprepared,ifanychangetakesplaceinthecrewwhichnecessitatesanalterationinthemusterlist,themastershalleitherrevisethelistorprepareanewlist.Musterlist-GeneralTheformatofthemusterlistusedonpassengershipsshallbeapproved.船舶安全应急部署与应急反应船舶应变部署表应变部署种类应变部署表的主要内容船员任务应变信号应变部署职责编制原则基本要求公布船舶安全应急部署与应急反应应变须知应变任务卡操作须知演习（要求）船舶安全应急部署与应急反应应急时保证旅客和船员的安全 弃船时撤离顺序船舶安全应急部署与应急反应火灾、爆炸、碰撞、搁浅时限制损害和救船的行动船舶自救基本原则船舶自救行动争取救援船舶消防与应急反应SOLAS公约的消防规定消防规则的基本原则防火控制图火灾原因和防火灭火要领消防演习的内容和组织SOLAS公约的消防演习规定消防演习的组织火灾应急反应及人员安全船舶救生与应急反应SOLAS公约对救生设备的要求弃船演习的内容和组织SOLAS公约的弃船演习规定弃船演习的组织弃船决策弃船应急反应及人员安全EmergencytraininganddrillsInstructions,dutiesandorganizationOnboardtraininganddrillsTrainingmanualsAdditionalrequirementsforpassengershipsInstructions,dutiesandorganizationCrewmembersshallreceiveinstructiononsafetyonboardtheshipCrewmembersshallreceiveinstructionsontheirassigneddutiesPartiesresponsibleshallbeorganized.ThesepartiesshallhavethecapabilitytocompletetheirdutiesatalltimeswhiletheshipisinserviceOnboardtraininganddrills

Crewmembersshallbetrainedtobefamiliarwiththearrangementsoftheshipaswellasthelocationandoperationofanyappliancesthattheymaybecalledupontouse.PerformanceofcrewmembersassigneddutiesshallbeperiodicallyevaluatedbyconductingonboardtraininganddrillsOnboardtraininganddrills

OnboardtrainingshallbeplannedandconductedinaccordancewithprovisionsofSOLASregulationIII/19.drillsshallbeconductedandrecordedinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofSOLASregulationIII/19.On-boardtrainingOn-boardtrainingintheuseoftheship'slife-savingappliancesshallbegivenassoonaspossiblebutnotlaterthan2weeksafteracrewmemberjoinstheship.However,ifthecrewmemberisonaregularlyscheduledrotatingassignmenttotheship,suchtrainingshallbegivennotlaterthan2weeksafterthetimeoffirstjoiningtheship.On-boardtrainingInstructionsintheuseoftheship'sfire-extinguishingappliances,life-savingappliances,andinsurvivalatseashallbegivenatthesameintervalasthedrills.Individualinstructionmaycoverdifferentpartsoftheship'slife-savingandfire-extinguishingappliances,butalltheship'slife-savingandfire-extinguishingappliancesshallbecoveredwithinanyperiodof2months.On-boardtrainingEverycrewmembershallbegiveninstructionswhichshallincludebutnotnecessarilybelimitedto：operationanduseoftheship'sinflatableliferafts；problemsofhypothermia,first-aidtreatmentforhypothermiaandotherappropriatefirst-aidprocedures；specialinstructionsnecessaryforuseoftheship'slife-savingappliancesinsevereweatherandsevereseaconditions；On-boardtrainingoperationanduseoffire-extinguishingappliances.On-boardtrainingintheuseofdavit-launchedliferaftsshalltakeplaceatintervalsofnotmorethan4monthsoneveryshipfittedwithsuchappliances.Wheneverpracticablethisshallincludetheinflationandloweringofaliferaft.Thisliferaftmaybeaspecialliferaftintendedfortrainingpurposesonly,whichisnotpartoftheship'slife-savingequipment；suchaspecialliferaftshallbeconspicuouslymarked.DrillsDrillsshall,asfaraspracticable,beconductedasiftherewereanactualemergency.Everycrewmembershallparticipateinatleastoneabandonshipdrillandonefiredrilleverymonth.Thedrillsofthecrewshalltakeplacewithin24hoftheshipleavingaportifmorethan25%ofthecrewhavenotparticipatedinabandonshipandfiredrillsonboardthatparticularshipinthepreviousmonth.Whenashipentersserviceforthefirsttime,aftermodificationofamajorcharacterorwhenanewcrewisengaged,thesedrillsshallbeheldbeforesailing.Abandonshipdrillsummoningofpassengersandcrewtomusterstationswiththealarmrequiredbyandensuringthattheyaremadeawareoftheordertoabandonshipreportingtostationsandpreparingforthedutiesdescribedinthemusterlist；checkingthatpassengersandcrewaresuitablydressed；Abandonshipdrillcheckingthatlifejacketsarecorrectlydonned；loweringofatleastonelifeboatafteranynecessarypreparationforlaunching；startingandoperatingthelifeboatengine；operationofdavitsusedforlaunchingliferafts；amocksearchandrescueofpassengerstrappedintheirstaterooms；andinstructionintheuseofradiolife-savingappliances.Abandonshipdrilleachlifeboatshallbelaunchedwithitsassignedoperatingcrewaboardandmanoeuvredinthewateratleastonceevery3monthsduringanabandonshipdrill.rescueboatsotherthanlifeboatswhicharealsorescueboats,shallbelaunchedeachmonthwiththeirassignedcrewaboardandmanoeuvredinthewater.Inallcasesthisrequirementshallbecompliedwithatleastonceevery3months.AbandonshipdrillIflifeboatandrescueboatlaunchingdrillsarecarriedoutwiththeshipmakingheadway,suchdrillsshall,becauseofthedangersinvolved,bepractisedinshelteredwatersonlyandunderthesupervisionofanofficerexperiencedinsuchdrills.Emergencylightingformusteringandabandonmentshallbetestedateachabandonshipdrill.Firedrillsreportingtostationsandpreparingforthedutiesdescribedinthemusterlist；startingofafirepump,usingatleastthetworequiredjetsofwatertoshowthatthesystemisinproperworkingorder；checkingoffireman'soutfitandotherpersonalrescueequipment；Firedrillscheckingofrelevantcommunicationequipment；checkingtheoperationofwatertightdoors,firedoors,firedampersandmaininletsandoutletsofventilationsystemsinthedrillarea；andcheckingthenecessaryarrangementsforsubsequentabandoningoftheshipFiredrillsTheequipmentusedduringdrillsshallimmediatelybebroughtbacktoitsfullyoperationalconditionandanyfaultsanddefectsdiscoveredduringthedrillsshallberemediedassoonaspossible.RecordsThedatewhenmustersareheld,detailsofabandonshipdrillsandfiredrills,drillsofotherlife-savingappliancesandonboardtrainingshallberecordedinsuchlog-bookasmaybeprescribedbytheAdministration.Ifafullmuster,drillortrainingsessionisnotheldattheappointedtime,anentryshallbemadeinthelog-bookstatingthecircumstancesandtheextentofthemuster,drillortrainingsessionheld.碰撞、搁浅/触礁、机器故障应急船舶发生碰撞后的应急措施救助人员和对方船舶损坏调查确认对方船舶有意搁浅碰撞、搁浅/触礁、机器故障应急船舶搁浅/触礁应急措施警报测量进水堵漏应变部署检查主机辅机舵机等综合分析估算脱浅拉力，采取适当行动申请外援详细记录发生油污，启动船上油污应急计划碰撞、搁浅/触礁、机器故障应急船舶机器故障应急措施统一指挥组织抢修报告保持船舶稳性请求救助记录SOLAS99/00Amend/V/Reg.33Themasterofashipatseawhichisinapositiontobeabletoprovideassistanceonreceivingasignalfromanysourcethatpersonsareindistressatsea,isboundtoproceedwithallspeedtotheirassistance,ifpossibleinformingthemorthesearchandrescueservicethattheshipisdoingso.Iftheshipreceivingthedistressalertisunableor,inthespecialcircumstancesofthecase,considersitunreasonableorunnecessarytoproceedtotheirassistance,themastermustenterinthelog-bookthereasonforfailingtoproceedtotheassistanceofthepersonsindistress,takingintoaccounttherecommendationoftheOrganization,toinformtheappropriatesearchandrescueserviceaccordingly.SOLAS99/00Amend/V/Reg.33Themasterofashipindistressorthesearchandrescueserviceconcerned,afterconsultation,sofarasmaybepossible,withthemastersofshipswhichanswerthedistressalert,hastherighttorequisitiononeormoreofthoseshipsasthemasteroftheshipindistressorthesearchandrescueserviceconsidersbestabletorenderassistance,anditshallbethedutyofthemasterormastersoftheshiporshipsrequisitionedtocomplywiththerequisitionbycontinuingtoproceedwithallspeedtotheassistanceofpersonsindistress.SOLAS99/00Amend/V/Reg.33Mastersofshipsshallbereleasedfromtheobligationimposedbyparagraph1onlearningthattheirshipshavenotbeenrequisitionedandthatoneormoreothershipshavebeenrequisitionedandarecomplyingwiththerequisition.Thisdecisionshall,ifpossiblebecommunicatedtotheotherrequisitionedshipsandtothesearchandrescueservice.SOLAS99/00Amend/V/Reg.33Themasterofashipshallbereleasedfromtheobligationimposedbyparagraph1and,ifhisshiphasbeenrequisitioned,fromtheobligationimposedbyparagraph2onbeinginformedbythepersonsindistressorbythesearchandrescueserviceorbythemasterofanothershipwhichhasreachedsuchpersonsthatassistanceisnolongernecessary.SOLAS99/00Amend/V/Reg.33TheprovisionsofthisregulationdonotprejudicetheConventionfortheUnificationofCertainRulesofLawRelatingtoAssistanceandSalvageatSea,signedatBrusselson23September1910,particularlytheobligationtorenderassistanceimposedbyarticle11ofthatConvention.*国际商船搜寻救助SOLAS公约船长义务召请救助船义务解除Searchandrescuemanuals

MerchantShipSearchandRescueManual(MERSAR)providesvaluableguidanceforseafarersduringemergenciesatseaIMCOSearchandRescueManual(IMCOSAR)containsguidelinesforGovernmentwishingtoestablishordeveloptheirsearchandrescueorganizationsandforpersonnelwhomaybeinvolvedintheprovisionofsearchandrescueservices,InternationalAeronauticalandMaritimeSearch&RescueManual(IAMSAR)国际商船搜寻救助《国际商船搜寻救助手册》海上搜寻立即行动驶往遇险区域备妥救助工具确定海面搜寻协调船确定搜寻计划和方式实施搜寻结束搜寻国际商船搜寻救助《国际商船搜寻救助手册》救助遇险人员救助遇难船上的人员救助他船落水人员救助救生艇筏上的人员SAR1979INTERNATIONALCONVENTIONONMARITIMESEARCHANDRESCUE,1979ORGANIZATIONANDCO-ORDINATIONCOOPERATIONBETWEENSTATESOPERATINGPROCEDURESSHIPREPORTINGSYSTEMS国际商船搜寻救助1979年国际海上搜寻救助公约组织协调国际合作操作程序船舶报告系统SHIPREPORTINGSYSTEMS-GeneralShipreportingsystemsmaybeestablishedeitherindividuallybyPartiesorinco-operationwithotherStates,wherethisisconsiderednecessary,tofacilitatesearchandrescueoperations.SHIPREPORTINGSYSTEMS-GeneralPartiescontemplatingtheinstitutionofashipreportingsystemshouldtakeaccountoftherelevantrecommendationsoftheOrganization.Partiesshouldalsoconsiderwhetherexistingreportingsystemsorothersourcesofshippositiondatacanprovideadequateinformationfortheregion,andseektominimizeunnecessaryadditionalreportsbyships,ortheneedforrescueco-ordinationcentrestocheckwithmultiplereportingsystemstodetermineavailabilityofshipstoassistwithsearchandrescueoperations.SHIPREPORTINGSYSTEMS-GeneralTheshipreportingsystemshouldprovideup-to-dateinformationonthemovementsofvesselsinorder,intheeventofadistressincident,to:

reducetheintervalbetweenthelossofcontactwithavesselandtheinitiationofsearchandrescueoperationsincaseswherenodistresssignalhasbeenreceived;SHIPREPORTINGSYSTEMS-Generalpermitrapididentificationofvesselswhichmaybecalledupontoprovideassistance;permitdelineationofasearchareaoflimitedsizeincasethepositionofaperson,avesselorothercraftindistressisunknownoruncertain;andfacilitatetheprovisionofurgentmedicalassistanceoradvice.国际商船搜寻救助船位报告系统协助并配合海上搜寻与救助工作，达到救助海上人命的目的各国船位报告系统Typesofreport