英美文学杰弗里乔叟GeoffreyChaucer

GeoffreyChaucerPositionofGeoffreyChacuera.thefatherofEnglishpoetryb.thefatherofEnglishfictionc.theforerunnerofEnglishrenaissanced.oneofthegreatestnarrativepoetsofEnglande.thefirstpoetwhowroteinEnglishlanguagef.thefirstEnglishrealisticpoet21357年做宫廷侍童，1359年参加对法作战时被俘，翌年由国王赎回，1361年-1367年在内殿法学协会受训，1366年与王后寝宫的女官结婚，此后多次代表爱德华三世出使欧洲大陆，到过比利时、法国、意大利等国，有机会遇见薄伽丘与彼特拉克，这对他的文学创作产生了很大的影响。1374年，乔叟任伦敦毛皮关税管理员，1382年兼任酒类及其它商品的关税管理员。1385年，乔叟任肯特郡治安法官，第二年被选为该郡骑士代表出席议会下院。1389年理查德亲政后，乔叟又先后担任过王室建筑工程主事和萨默塞特王室森林副主管。乔叟在庇护者失宠期间，被剥夺了官位和年金，经济拮据。他曾写过打油诗《致空囊》给刚登基的亨利四世，申诉自己的贫穷。1400年乔叟逝世，安葬在伦敦威斯敏特斯教堂的“诗人之角”(Poet'sCorner)，他也是第一位葬于此的诗人。BriefIntroduction3Chaucer’sliterarycareercanbedividedintothreeperiodscorrespondingwiththoseofhislife.

(a)Frenchinfluence

(1360-1372)(b)Italianinfluence(1372-1386)(c)Englishinfluence(1387-1400)LiteraryCareer4Frenchinfluence(1360-1372)RomanceoftheRose《玫瑰传奇》trans.TheBookoftheDuchess（1369）《悼公爵夫人书》5(b)Italianinfluence(1372-1386)HewasespeciallyinfluencedbyDanteandBoccacio.Inthisperiod,hechieflyusedthe“heroic”stanzaofsevenlines.TheParliamentofFowls(1380)《百鸟议会》TroilusandCriseyde(1372-1384)《特罗勒斯与克丽西德》

TheHouseofFame(1379-1384)《声誉之堂》TheLegendofGoodWomen(1386)《贞节妇女的传说》

Filostrato《爱的摧残》trans.(Boccaccio薄伽丘Italy)

TheConsolationofPhilosophy《哲学的慰籍》

trans.(Boethius

波伊提乌，Roman)6(c)Englishinfluence(1387-1400)

ComplainttoHisEmptyPurse(1399)《致空囊》TheCanterburyTales(1387-1400)《坎特伯雷故事集》(Masterpiece)7TheCanterburyTales坎特伯雷故事集

ChaucergreatlycontributedtothefoundingoftheEnglishliterarylanguage,thebasisofwhichwasformedbytheLondondialect,soprofuselyusedbythepoet.8Thefirstcharacter,

travelingwithhissquire侍从andyeoman仆人,isaknight骑士

whorepresentsthenobility贵族:

“Hewasaveryparfit,gentleknight.”

9Theleaderofthereligiousgroup

isaPrioress女修道院副院长,whospeaksFrenchwell

andhasperfecttablemanners.10ThefavoriteofEnglishteachersisthe“clerk,”orstudent,whospendsallhislittlebitofmoneyonbooksinsteadoffood.11Themostvigorous有力的；精力充沛的characteris

thelarger-than-life

WifeofBath12Thecrudest粗野的，缺乏教养的characteristheMiller磨坊主；碾磨工13PrologueThePrologue开场isasplendidmasterpieceofrealistic

portrayal,thefirst

ofitskindinthehistoryofEnglishliterature.FromthePrologue,wecanseethatChaucerisatalentedportraitpainter.EachofthepilgrimsornarratorsispresentedvividlyinthePrologue.ThepilgrimsarepeoplefromvariouspartsofEngland.Theyaretherepresentativesofvariouswalksoflifeandsocialgroups,withvariousinterests,tastesandpredilections.14PrologueThepilgrimsrangefromtheknight,thesquire,theprioress,throughthelandedproprietorandwealthytradesman,downtothedrunkencookandhumbleplowman.Therearealsomonks,nunsandpriests.Andtherearealsodoctors,alawyer,asummoner,asailor,amillerandOxfordscholar.WithafeelingofsympathyChaucerdescribestheClerk,apoorphilosopherwhospendsallhismoneyonbooks.AmongthepilgrimsthereisaWifefromthetownofBath,agailydressedmiddle-agedwidow,whohopestofindahusbandinCanterbury.15PrologueEachofthenarratorsrevealshisorherownviewsandcharacter.Chaucercreatedastrikingbrilliantandpicturesquepanoramaofhistimeandhiscountry.AndthusChaucer’srealism,trenchantironyandfreedomofviewsreachedahighlevelofpower.ItisnoexaggerationtosaythattheProloguesuppliesaminiatureoftheEnglishsocietyofChaucer’stime.Lookingathispicturegallery,weknowatoncehowpeoplelivedinthatera.SoChaucerwaspraisedas“thefatherofEnglishrealism”.16HeroicCouplet英雄双韵体

Definition:

Itreferstoapairofrhymedlinesofverseofequallengthwithnosyllablesand5stressesineachline.(pentameter

couplet)

E.g.AthousandtimeshaveIheardmentelleThatthereisjoyeinhevenandpeyneinhelle(alliterativeverse----metricalform)

laidthefoundationoftheEnglishtonico-syllabicverse17英雄双韵体

(HeroicCouplet)

英雄双韵体(HeroicCouplet)是一种英国古典诗体，由乔叟首创。由十音节双韵诗体演化而来，每行五个音步,每个音步有两个音节,第一个是轻音,第二个是重音.句式均衡、整齐、准确、简洁、考究。拿四行诗的押韵方式为例，有abab型，有abcb型，有abba型，有aabb型，还有aaab型。第四种（aabb型）实际上是双行押韵，英语称之为couplet,如果每行五音步，则称之为“英雄双韵体”。18WheninAprilthesweetshowersfall,AndpiercethedroughtofMarchtotherootandallTheveinsarebathedinliquorofsuchpower,Asbringsabouttheengenderingoftheflower,

夏雨给大地带来了喜悦，送走了土壤干裂的三月。沐浴着草木的丝丝茎络，顿时万花盛开，生机勃勃。19WhenalsoZephyruswithhissweetbreath,Exhalesanairineverygroveandheath-Uponthetendershoots,andtheyoungsunHishalf-courseinthesignoftheRamhasrun,西风轻吹，留下清香缕缕，田野复苏，吹出芳草绿绿；碧蓝的天空腾起一轮红日青春的太阳洒下万道金辉。20AndthesmallfowlaremakingmelodyThatsleepawaythenightwithopeneye(sonaturepricksthemandtheirheartengages)

小鸟的歌喉多么清脆优美，迷人的夏夜怎好安然入睡—21MyownViewsChaucer’spoetryisplainlynarrative.Everythingisbasedonr