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专升本英语考试题型试卷题型及分值分布表V语法考点复习时态与语态一般现在时:考点一:表达永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时,如:IlearnedthattheearthgoesaroundthesunwhenIwasinprimaryschool.考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,从句用一般现在时代替代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:until/when/before/assoonas/themoment/if/unlessIwillnotattendtheconferenceifitrainstomorrow.Hewon’tknowthetruthunlessyoutellhim.现在完毕时表达动作发生在过去,完毕在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或者影响仍然存在。有标志性的时间状语;Hehasopenedthedoor.Ihaveboughtacomputer.考点一:for+时间段;since+时间,主句用现在完毕时TheyhavelivedinBeijingforfiveyears.TheyhavelivedinBeijingsince1995.考点二:常见的不拟定的时间状语:Lately,recently,already,yet,sofar,uptillnowHasitstoppedrainingyet?考点三:表达”第几次做某事“或者”itis(最高级)thebest(worst,mostinteresting),主句用一般现在时,从句用现在完毕时。ThisisthefirsttimethatIhavevisitedChina.ThisisthemostinterestingfilmthatIhaveseen.过去完毕时表达过去某个时间之前已经完毕的动作,即发生在过去的过去。Therehadbeen25parksinthecityuptill2023.考点一:用于hardly/scarcely/barely/rarely…when;nosooner…than句型中,主句用过去完毕时,从句用一般过去时Ihadhardlyfinishedmyworkwhenhecametoseeme.Ihadnosoonergotintotheroomthanitbegantosnow.考点二:表达第几次做某事/最高级,主句用过去式,从句用过去完毕时。Thatwasthesecondtimethatshehadseenhergrandfather.考点三:用于by+过去时间段Shehadlearnt3differentlanguagesbytheendof2023.将来完毕时(willhavedone)表将来某时刻之前已完毕的事情,时间状语非常明显。考点一:by+将来时间段BynextFriday,Iwillhavegotreadyfortheexam.一般过去时表过去某个特定期间发生且完毕的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响。考点一:usedtodo过去经常做某事Heusedtosmokealot.进行时态考点一:表达某个具体时间点在干什么,经常有具体的时间词,如at10o’clock,atthatmoment等。Hewasdoinghomeworkat9o’clockyesterdayevening.考点二:趋向性动词常用现在进行时表将来,如:go,come,leave,start等Iamcoming.(立即来了)HeisleavingChongqingonFriday.(他星期五离开重庆)HeisleavingforChongqingonFriday.(他星期五要来重庆)感官动词考点:表达感知的动词:hear,feel,notice,recognize,taste,smell,look,sound,taste,appear,感官动词做系动词时翻译成…起来Heislookingatthesun.(实意动词)Helooksyoungerthanhisjuniorbrother.(系动词)考点一:做系动词时不能用于被动语态e.g.Themusicsoundsbeautiful.Thesilkfeelssoft.考点二:做系动词时不能用于进行时态考点三:做系动词时后面接形容词,不接副词Soundsgood.Thecaketastesgood.语法专项练习一.时态与语态1.Tomwasdisappointedthatmostoftheguests______whenhe______attheparty.A.hadleft,arrived B.left,hadarrivedC.hadleft,hadarrivedﻩD.left,arrived2.Mary______letteratnineyesterdayevening.A.typedB.wastypingC.hastypedD.istyping3.Thework______bythetimeyougethere.A.willhavebeendoneﻩB.isdoneC.hadbeendoneﻩD.wouldhavedone4.It______foraweekandthestreetswereflooded.A.hasrained B.wasrainedC.hadbeenrainingﻩD.shouldhaverained5.Sorry,butwecannotgotoSanDiego.Ourcousins____toseeusnextSunday.A.comeﻩB.arecomingC.havecomeﻩD.came6.She_______anumberofbooksbytheendoflastyear.A.hadwrittenB.haswrittenC.havewrittenD.hadbeenwritten7.I________heresinceIcametoBeijing.A.hadlivedB.havelivedC.islivingD.willlive8.Bytheendofnextyear,thebuilding_________.A.willcompletedB.willhavebeencompletedC.hascompletedD.iscompleting9.He________smokealot,nowheisanon-smoker.A.usedtoB.isusedtoC.wasusedtoD.usedby10.Hardly________theroomwhenit______torain.A.hadentered,wasrainingB.entered,hadrainedC.hadentered,rainedD.entered,wasraining二:非谓语.动词1.谓语动词2.非谓语动词谓语动词1.行为动词/实意动词:eat,sleep.clean.Stay(可以单独做谓语,用副词修饰)2.联系动词:be,get,become(不能单独做谓语,其后成分称为表语)3.情态动词:can,could,will(不能单独做谓语,后接动词原型)4.助动词:do/have的各种形式,帮助完毕时态与语气的动词,不能单独做谓语。Havebeenhere/Idolikeyou.非谓语动词:1.不定式:todo(除了不能做谓语,其他成分都能做)2.分词:现在分词:Ving(表积极与进行),过去分词:(表被动与状态)3.动名词:Ving※英语一句话只能有一个主谓结构假如出现更多动词:加连词(and/but/so…)放入从句变为非谓语动词1)GracefinishedherdinneratWulong2)attendedthelocaldancingparty.一.加入连词GracehadfinisheddinneratWulong,andsheattendedthelocaldancingpartylater.二.放入从句Themoment/whenGracehadfinisheddinneratWulong,sheattendedthelocaldancingpartylater.三.变为非谓语动词Gracefinishedherdinnerquicklytoattendthelocaldancingparty.不定式考点:Itis+adj+forsbtodosth/Itis+adj+ofsbtodosthe.g.Itisdifficultforhimtofinishthetask.Itisverykindofyoutosayso.Ittakessbsometimetodosth花费某人多少时间做某事Ittakesmethreedaystorepairthemachine.so+adj/adv+asto….如此,以至于e.g.Thehouseissohighastoresembleatower.4.onlyto居然(表出乎意料的转折)Hestudiedhardonlytofailtheexam.5.but(except)后带不带to?若句子的谓语动词是“do”的各种形式,则不带toLastnight,IdidnothingbutwatchTV.若句子的谓语动词不是“do”的各种形式,则带toThedoctortoldhimnothingbuttostopsmoking.6.一听:listento,hear二看:watch,see,lookat三使:let,make,have四注意:notice五感觉:feel以上动词接动词原形,但若用语被动语态,则应接带to的不定式。Imadehimdohiswork.Hewasmadetodohiswork.动名词考点:Itisnogood/use/point/agreatfun+ving:做某事无好处/用处/意义/乐趣做某事Itisnogoodhelpinghim.Itisagreatfungettingtoknowyourguys.Thereisno+doingsth不也许做某事Thereisnotdenyingthatsuccessfulbusinessliesinahealthybodyandmind.Thereisnotellingwhatheisgoingtodo?3.havedifficulty(trouble,fun,agoodtime)+(in)doingsth做某事难(麻烦,好玩)4.go+doing户外活动Gofishing,goswimming,goshoppingbebusy(in)doingsth忙于做某事spend/wastetime(in)doingsth/onsthcan’thelpdoingsth忍不住做某事Iamsorry,Ican’thelpoverhearing…beworthdoingsth值得做某事(积极表被动)Thebookisworthreading.8.LiMingissaid______abroad.DoyouknowwhatcountryA.tohavestudiedB.tostudyC.tobestudyingD.tohavebeenstudying分词考点:分词做状语:主从句主语一致省略从句连词与主语从句分词形式取决于与主语的关系,积极用现在分词,被动用过去分词(从)Whenthestudentssawtheteacherenteringclassroom,(主)thestudentsstoodup.Seeingtheteacherenteringclassroom,thestudentsstoodup.独立主格:独立主格结构有三种类型:1.逻辑主语+非谓语动词(不定式、现在分词、过去分词)2.逻辑主语+(being)+表语(名词、形容词、副词、介词短语)3.with/without+复合宾语(不定式,分词、形容词、副词、介词短语)非谓语练习.1.____anythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.A.NotknownB.KnowingnotC.KnownnotD.Notknowing2._______moreattention,thetreescouldhavegrownbetter.A.GivenB.TogiveC.GivingD.Havinggiven3.____in1636,HarvardisoneofthemostfamousuniversitiesintheUnitedStates.A.BeingfoundedB.ItwasfoundedC.FoundedD.Founding4._____bytheadvancesintechnology,manyfarmershavesetupwindfarmsontheirland.A.BeingencouragedB.EncouragingC.EncouragedD.Havingencouraged5._____therightkindoftraining,theseteenagesoccerplayersmayonedaygrowintotheinternationalstars.A.GivingB.HavinggivenC.TogiveD.Given6._____inthequeueforhalfanhour,theoldmansuddenlyrealizedhehadleftthechequeinthecar.A.WaitingB.TowaitC.HavingwaitedD.Tohavewaited7.Tomkeptquietabouttheaccident_____losehisjob.A.sonotastoB.soasnottoC.soastonotD.notsoasto8.______lateinthemorning,Bobturnedoffthealarm.A.TosleepB.SleepingC.SleepD.Havingslept9.Whenaskedwhyhewentthere,hesaidhewassentthere__foraspaceflight.A.trainingB.beingtrainedC.tohavetrainedD.tobetrained10.Theoldprofessorsaidtouseverypartofthematerialsshouldbemadeuseof______thepowerstation.A.tobuildB.buildingC.buildD.built11.Allofthemtrytousethepoweroftheworkstation_____informationinamoreeffectiveway.A.presentingB.presentedC.beingpresentedD.topresent12.______nobus,wehadtowalkhome.A.TherewasB.TherebeingC.BecausetherebeingD.Therewere13.____,I'llgotherewithyoutomorrowafternoon.A.TimepermitsB.IftimepermittingC.TimepermittingD.Time'spermitting14._____,weallwenthomehappily.A.GoodbyewassaidB.GoodbyehadbeensaidC.GoodbyesaidD.Whengoodbyesaid15._____,weallwentswimminginhighspirits.A.ItbeingfineweatherB.ItfineweatherC.ItwasfineweatherD.Itbeingafineweather情态动词考点:Can,couldMay,mightMust/havetoNeedDareWill/wouldShall/should/oughtto考点一:Must的否认回答在回答must引起的问句时,假如是否认的答复,可用don’thaveto或needn’t(不必),但不能用HYPERLINK""mustn’t(一定不,必须不,不允许,不得)。如:—MustIcleanthediningroomatonce?我必须立即打扫餐厅吗?—Yes,youmust.是的,你必须立即打扫。—No,youdon’thaveto(=needn’t).不必啦。YouHYPERLINK""mustn’t
smokeintheoffice.你不得在办公室抽烟。考点二:must表肯定猜测:Must表达推测时,只能用于肯定句中mustdo对一般时的肯定推测mustbedoing对现在的动作进行肯定推测musthavedone对过去发生的事情作出的肯定判断Theyhaveboughtanewcar.Theymusthavealotofmoney.Hemustbereadingnovelsnow.Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedlastnight.考点三:can’t/could’t表否认推测考点四:needdoingsth=needtobedoneTheflowersneedwatering.=Theflowersneedtobewatered.Thehouseneedspainting.=Thehouseneedstobepainted.延伸:want,requestdoingsth=want/requesttobedone考点五:need/dare既可做实意动词,也可做情态动词。实意动词用在肯定句中(need/daretodosth),情态动词用在否认和疑问句中(need/daredosth)。Dareyouwalkthroughtheforestatnight?Youneedn’treturnthebooknow.Heneedstogotherehimself.三.情态动词1.---Shelooksveryhappy.She______havepassedtheexam.—Iguessso.It’snotdifficultafterall.A.shouldB.couldC.mustD.might2.You______behungryalready,youhadlunchonlytwohoursago!A.wouldn’tB.can’tC.mustn’tD.needn’t3.—I’msorry.I_________atyoutheotherday.—Forgetit.Iwasabitoutofcontrolmyself.A.shouldn’tshoutB.shouldn’thaveshoutedC.mustn’tshoutD.mustn’thaveshouted4.Thankyouforallyourhardworklastweek.Idon’tthinkwe______itwithoutyou.A.canmanageB.couldhavemanagedC.couldmanageD.canhavemanaged5.—Therewerealreadyfivepeopleinthecarbuttheymanagedtotakemeaswell.—It________acomfortablejourney.A.can’tbeB.shouldn’tbeC.mustn’thavebeenD.couldn’thavebeen6.Thebosshasgiveneveryoneaspecialholiday,sowe—gotoworktomorrow.A.can’tB.mustn’tC.needn’tD.shouldn’t7.Sincetheroadiswetthismorning,______lastnight.A.itmusthaverainedB.itmustrainC.itmustberainingD.itmusthavebeenrained8.Asteachersweshouldconcernourselveswithwhatissaid,notwhatwethink______.A.oughttobesaidB.mustsayC.havetobesaidD.needtosay9.You______allthosecalculations.Wehaveacomputertodothatsortofthing.A.mustnothavedoneB.shouldnothaveC.cannothavedone D.needn’thavedone10.Withallthisworkonhand,he______tothecinemalastnight.A.mustn’tgoﻩB.wouldn’tgoC.oughtn’tgoD.shouldn’thavegone11.“IsawMaryinthelibraryyesterday.”ﻩ“You_______her,sheisstillinhospital.”A.mustn’thaveseen B.couldnotseeC.can’thaveseenﻩ D.mustnotsee虚拟语气If型Should+动词原形类似if型一.If型(主从句在现有时态基础上向前退一个时态)※if条件句的虚拟条件从句主句与现在事实相反If+主语+wereIf+主语+Ved主语+Should/would/could+动词原形与过去事实相反If+主语+haddone主语+Should/would/could+havedonesth与将来事实相反If+主语+vedIf+主语+shouldIf+主语+wereto主语+Should/would/could+动词原形Ifitrainstomorrow,itwillbefine.BetodosthIfJohnwereherenow,hewouldexplainit.Ifyouhadaskedmeearlier,Iwouldhavetoldyou.Ifitrained/shouldrain/weretoraintomorrow,.Iwouldstayathome※If条件句中有were,had,could,should等,可省略if,将were,had,could,should提到句首,变为倒装。hadyouaskedmeearlier,Iwouldhavetoldyou.Hadyouaskedmeearlier,Iwouldhavetoldyou.IfJohnwereherenow,hewouldexplainit.WereJohnherenow,hewouldexplainit.二.Should+动词原形1..其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词(suggestion,advice,proposal,requiremen)引导的主语,表语,同位语从句中用(should)+动词原形。Hesuggestedthatwe(should)gohomeearlier.Hissuggestionwasthatwe(should)gohomeearlier.※区分suggest
+(that
)+主语+(should)
do+sthSuggestdoingsthHesuggestedgoingoutforawalk.HesuggestedthatIshouldgooutforawalk.※insist/suggest各有两种意思,要用不同的语气Insist表达“坚决规定”时,用虚拟形式Insist表达“坚持认为,坚持说”时,用陈述语气,表达事实。Suggest表达“建议”时,用虚拟形式。Suggest表达“表白、暗示”时,用陈述语气。e.g.Yourpalefacesuggeststhatyouareill.Iinsistedthatyouwerewrong.Iinsistedheshouldreturn____(return)thebook.Itisimportant(necessary,strange,)that....类似用法的词有:necessary,strange,natural,desired,apity,ashame,nowonder…e.g.It’snecessarythatweshouldhaveawalk三.类似if型Wish/asif/asthough/ifonly/wouldratherthat…e.g.IwishIwere30yearsyounger.Hetreatedthelittlegirlasifshehadbeenheowndaughter.IwouldratheryouhadgonetherelastSunday.IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!e.g.It’shightimethatyouwent.It’shightimethatyoushouldgo.介词短语引导的虚拟语气e.g.Ifyouhadnothelpedus,wewouldn’thavemade....Butforyourhelp,we___________(make)suchrapidprogress.Withoutair,there__wouldbe________(be)nolivingthings.Thankstothebraveyoungman,otherwise,theboy______________(die).wouldhavedied四.虚拟语气1.Ifonlyhe____quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.ﻫA.liesB.layC.hadlainD.shouldlie
2.HowIwisheveryfamily____alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.
A.hasB.hadC.willhaveD.hadhad
3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe____inturn,you____sotired.ﻫA.drove;didn’tget
B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tgetD.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot
4._____itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridgeﻫA.WereB.ShouldC.WouldD.Will5.Isuggestedthepersonreferredto______putintoprison
A.wasB.beC.willbeD.wouldbeﻫ6.Whenapencilispartlyinaglassofwater,itlooksasifit____ﻫA.breaksB.hasbrokenC.werebrokenD.hadbeenbrokenﻫ7.Iinsisted_____toseeadoctor,butheinsistednothing___wrongwithhimﻫA.onhimtogo;shouldbeB.hewent;beC.hego;wasD.heshouldto;isﻫ8.---Yourauntinvitesyoutothemoviestodayﻫ---Iwouldrathershe____metomorrowthantodayﻫA.tellsB.toldC.wouldtellD.hadtold
9.---Wouldyouhavecalledherup?ﻫ---Yes,butI____busydoingmyhomeworkﻫA.wasB.wereC.hadbeenD.wouldbeﻫ10.Iwasillthatday,otherwiseI____thesportsmeetﻫA.wouldhavetakenpartinB.tookpartinC.hadtakenpartinD.wouldtakepartin
11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasilyﻫA.Haditnotbeenfor
B.IfitwerenotC.IfithadnotbeenforD.Wereitnotfor
12.Ifmylawyer____herelastSunday,he____mefromgoing
A.hadbeen,wouldhaveprevented
B.hadbeen,wouldprevent
C.were,prevent
D.were,wouldhavepreventedﻫ13.____hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam
A.Ifheweretowork
B.Hadheworked
C.ShouldheworkD.Werehetoworkﻫ14.Ifit____forthesnow,we____themountainyesterday
A.werenot,couldhaveclimb
B.werenot,couldclimbC.hadnotbeen,couldhaveclimbed
D.hadn’tbeen,couldclimbﻫ15.Withoutelectricity,humanlife____quitedifficulttoday
A.is
B.willbeC.wouldhavebeen
D.wouldbeﻫ从句常见考点:(定从,状从,名从(主语从句、宾语从句,表语从句))定语从句考点:用关系代词还是关系副词
关系代词
who
人
主、宾、表
whom
人
宾
which
物
主、宾、表
that
人和物
主、宾、表
as
物
主、宾关系形容词
Whose=
of
whom/ofwhich
人和物的
定语Whose与ofwhich/whom的区别ofwhich/whom时应在名词前加上定冠词the或其他限定词,也就是说假如名词前有限定词就只能用ofwhich/whom。假如名词前没有限定词,就用whose。关系副词
When=at/in/on/during…which
Where=at/in/to…which
Why=for
which
注意:关系词所做的成分关键是由从句中的动词来决定
2023.22This
is
the
place
where
we
work.(vi).Thisistheplace.Weworkintheplace.This
is
the
place
which
we
visited.(vt)
关系代词和关系副词的特殊情况1.指物时只用
that,不用which
的情况:
1)
当先行词为
all,
much,
little,
few,
none,
something,
anything,
everything,
nothing
等不定代词时。
2)先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级或the
last,
the
only
,the
very等表强调的词等修饰。
3).在疑问词
who,
what,
which
开头的句子中。(避免歧意)
Who
is
the
girl
that
is
talking
with
Mr.Brown?4).
当先行词既指人又指物时。
We
are
talking
about
the
people
and
countries
that
we
have
visited.
2.
只能用
which
不能用
that
的情况。
1).
引导非限定性定语从句修饰某物或整个句子。
e.g.Bruce
went
towards
the
fire,
which
was
still
smoking.
Tom
came
back
late,
which
made
his
parents
very
angry.
2).在介词后面:介词+which
(先行词是物)
The
world
in
which
we
live
is
made
of
matter.
注意:若介词在从句中而没有直接在关系词后,可以用which
或that.
例如:
The
world
that
we
live
in
is
made
of
matter.
(三)非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句不能用that引导,一般用引导词which/as/who,非限制性定语从句既可以修饰主句的部分内容,也可修饰主句的所有内容。状语从句考点:(一)条件状语从句
引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if
,unless
,as/so
long
as,
considering
that,supposing
that,
provided
that(假如,在…的条件下),
on
condition
that(只要,在…的条件下)
等等。(二)时间状语从句属连词:when,as,while,before,after,since,till/until,as
soon
as,once,……等。用于It
+
be
+时间段
+
before
:在……之后才……
e.g.
It
willl
be
five
years
before
I
come
back
.
常于情态动词
can
/
could
连用
:
还没来得及……就……
e.g.
Before
I
could
say
a
word
,
she
had
rushed
out
of
the
room
名词短语(连词功能):next
time,
every
time,
the
moment,
the
minute等。
E.g.EveryminuteIseeher,itremindsmeofmymoher.(三)让步状语从句
引导让步状语从句的连词有:though/although(尽管),even
if/even
though(即使),no
matter
how(what,when,which,who,where),however(whatever,whenever,whichever,whoever,wherever)(无论„„),as(尽管),while(虽然,尽管)等。As表尽管放在句首时,将从句中的宾语或表语提前,假如有冠词,省略冠词。Youngasheis,hehasalotofexperience.Childasheis,hehasalotofexperience.(四)结果状语从句
结果状语从句的连词有:so
that,so…that„,such…that„.结果状语放在主句之后。常见句型结构有:
(1)
so
+
形容词/副词+
that从句;
(2)
such
a/an
+
形容词+可数名词单数+that从句;
(五)目的状语从句
目的状语从句连词有:in
case“以免,以防万一”
,in
order
that“为了„„,以便„„”。so
that引导状语从句只能置于主句之后。in
order
that引导状语从句可放主句之前或之后。(六)地点状语从句
地点状语从句由where,anywhere,
wherever引导。where指“在某个地方”,wherever指“无论哪里,在任何一个地方”。(七)因素状语从句
引导因素状语从句的连词有:because,as,since,when(既然),now
that(既然),seeing
that(由于),
considering
that,inthat(在于,由于)等名词性从句考点(主语,表语,宾语)1,that
何时可以省略
1)
that
在宾语从句大多数情况可以省略
(1)We
regret
(that)
you
did
not
find
our
prouct
satisfactory.
(2)We
told
the
driver(
that)
we
were
in
a
hurry.
2)在主语,表语,同位语从句中一般不能省略。
(1)
That
you
want
to
be
independent
is
only
natural.
(2)The
advantage
of
DVD
is
that
it
gives
you
much
better
picture
quality.
(3)We
should
make
people
face
the
fact
that
a
lot
of
people
die
from
smoking
every
year.
2,if和whether
的区别:
1)在宾语从句中,if
和whether一般都可以使用.
在宾语从句中,
只能使用whether的情况:
(1)
介词之后
Your
success
or
failure
depends
on
whether
you
work
hard.(2)
紧跟or
not
时
She
asked
me
whether
or
not
he
would
come.
(3)接不定式
Can
you
tell
me
whether
to
go
or
to
stay
?
(4)
主语从句,表语从句,
同位语从句只能用whether.
Whether
I
will
come
depends
on
a
number
of
things.
The
question
is
wether
he
will
come
to
help.
练习:
2.____haspassedthetestwillgetaprize.ﻫ
A.Whoever
B.Nomatterwho
C.Whomever
D.Who5.___movedusmostwas___helookedaftertheoldmanformorethantwentyyears.
A.That;that
B.What;that
CWhat;what
D.That;what8.Ifyouknow___itwasthatwriteATaleofTwoCities,raiseyourhand.
A.whom
B.which
C.who
D.that11.Criticismandself-criticismisnecessary_____ithelpsustofindandcorrectmistakes.A.bythatB.atthatC.onthatD.inthat10.
That
tree,
__________
branches
are
almost
bare,
is
very
old.
A.
whose
B.
of
which
C.
in
which
D.
on
which
3.
Is
this
the
factory
__________
he
worked
ten
years
ago?
ﻫA.
that
B.
where
ﻫC.
which
D.
the
one
9.
I’ll
tell
you
__________
he
told
me
last
week.
A.
all
which
B.
that
C.
all
that
D.
which
11.
I
have
bought
the
same
dress
__________
she
is
wearing.
ﻫ
A.
as
B.
that
C.
which
D.
what
Nomatterwho只能引导状语从句Whoever既能引导状语从句,又能引导名词性从句Whoeverhaspassedthetestwillgetaprize.Nomatterwhohaspassedthetest,hewillgetaprize.强调与倒装强调的两种方式:1.强调句型:Itis(was)…that(who)2.用助动词do,does或did来强调谓语动词。强调句型的变形1.一般疑问句的强调:Is/Wasit+被强调部分+that/who+其他部分e.g.Wasitonalonelyisland_____hewassavedonemonthaftertheboatwentdown?A.whereB.thatC.whichD.what2.特殊疑问句的强调:被强调部分(通常是疑问代词或疑问副词)+is/was+it+that/who+其他部分。e.g.—______thathemanagedtogettheinformation?—Oh,afriendofhishelpedhim.A.WhichwasitB.WhatwasitC.HowwasitD.Whywasit3.notuntil...强调句型:Itis/wasnotuntil+被强调部分+that+其他部分e.g.ItwasnotuntilIcamehere_____Irealizedthisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweather.A.whoB.thatC.whereD.beforeIdidn’trealizethisplacewasfamousfornotonlyitsbeautybutalsoitsweatheruntilIcamehere.倒装:部分倒装考点:否认词never、seldom、hardly、scarcely、barely、rarely、little、not、nowhere(无处,任何地方都不)、bynomeans、undernocondition/circumstance、atnotime(绝不)、neither、nor,notonly,notuntil等放在句首时,句子常倒装。e.g.Notonly_____interestedinfootballbutalso____beginningtoshowaninterestinit.A.theteacherhimselfis;allhisstudentsareB.theteacherhimselfis;areallhisstudentsC.istheteacherhimself;areallhisstudentsD.istheteacherhimself;allhisstudentsare※Notonly…butalso句型中,notonly后部分倒装,butalso后不倒装。eg.NotuntilIbegantowork____howmuchtimeIhadwasted.A.didn'tIrealizeB.didIrealizeC.Ididn'trealizeD.Irealized(2)Only+状语或状语从句+其它例如:OnlyinthiswaycanwelearnEnglishwell.比较:OnlyMothercanunderstandme(3)nosooner…than…、hardly…when…、scarcely…when…、、so…that…、such…that…,notonly…butalso…句型中,主句倒装,从句不倒装,但要注意:neither…nor…连接的句子前后两个分句都要倒装。e.gNotonlyisshesmartbutalsosheisbeautiful.Suchgreatprogressdidhemakethathewaspraised.SoheavyistheboxthatIcan’tcarryit.Neitherhasheapencil,norhasheapen.(4)虚拟语气中用倒装代替if。例如:HadItime(=IfIhadtime),Iwouldgoandhelpyou.WereIyou(=IfIwereyou),Iwouldgoabroad.Shouldhecome(=Ifheshouldcome),tellhimtoringmeup.(5)as作为“尽管”时放句首,需将as后的名词,动词,形容词,副词提前。注意,名词提前时要省略冠词。Youngasheis,heknowsalot.Childasheis,heknowsalot.Objectasyoumay,Iwillgo.完全倒装there引出的完全倒装句:除了最常见的therebe句型以外,there还可以接appear,exist,lie,remain,seemtobe,stand等,一般都译成"有"的含义,构成完全倒装句。例如:Thereappearedtobeamaninblackinthedistance.(远处有个穿黑色衣服的人。)(2)in,out,down,up,over,away,off,back,below等副词作状语置于句首时,谓语常用动词有come,go,rush,等不及物动词练习:1._____bylongandhardpracticecanyouhopetobecomeagoodpianist.A.OnlyB.UnlessC.IfdoingD.While2.Bynomeans______yourthree-year-oldsonaloneathome.A.youdoleaveB.shouldyouleaveC.doyouleaveD.youshouldleave3.Hardly______hisspeechwhenhesawtheaudienceriseasone.AhadhefinishedBdidhefinishCbefinishedDhehadfinished4.______thatthisregionwassorichinnaturalresources.A.LittleheknewB.LittlehedidknowC.LittledidheknowD.Littlehehadknown5.Onlyafterthestormwasover______.A.couldwestartoffB.wecouldstartoffC.hadwestartedoffD.wehadstartedoff6.IvisitedJiuzhaigoulastautumn.Never______sobeautifulaplacelikethatinmylife.AIhadseenBdidIseeC.haveIseenDIshallsee7.Itwasthemusichall______wemeteachotherforthefirsttime.AwhenBwhereCwhichDthat8.Itwasnotuntilmidnight______thenoiseofthestreetstopped.A.that
B.thisC.since
D.atwhich10.I________wanttotellyouthetruthlastnight,butIlackedcourage.A.doB.didC.doesD.havedone11.Whenwasit____youmethiminthelibrary?A.whereB.thatC.inwhichD.which12.“Imissedthetrainlastnight”“so_____”A.haveIB.IhaveC.didID.Idid13.Therewasaloudcrashasthedoorbroke,andin_____thepolice.A.didcomeB.cameC.havecomeD.theycame主谓一致(见ppt)1.NobodybutJane____thesecret.A.knowsB.knowC.haveknownD.isknown2.Three-fourthsofthesurfaceoftheearth______sea.A.isB.areC.wereD.hasbeen3.Allbutone_____herejustnow.A.isB.wasC.hasbeenD.were4.HisSelectedPoems______firstpublishedin1965.A.wereB.wasC.hasbeenD.is5.Whenandwheretobuildthefactory______yet.A.isnotdecidedB.arenotdecidedC.hasnotbeendecidedD.havenotdecided6.Aforkandknife_____onthetable.A.isB.areC.hasbeenD.havebeen7.EitherTomorI______toblame.A.tobeB.amC.areD.is8.There_______acupandtwoglassesonthetable.A.isB.areC.wasD.were9.Myclothes_____madetoorder.A.isB.areC.hasD.haveClothes衣服,具体,复数名词e.g.Ichangedmyclothes.Clothing衣服,抽象,单数Ourclothingprotectedusfromcold.Cloth布,单数10.Theold_____takengoodcareofinourcountry.A.isB.hasC.areD.have11.Twentydollars______enoughforthecoat.A.isB.areC.hasD.have12.Fiveminusthree_____two.A.isB.areC.wasD.were13.Thenumberofpeopleinvited______fifty,butanumberofthem____absentfordifferentreasons.A.were,wasB.was,wasC.was,wereD.were.14.NotonlyIbutalsoJaneandMary____tiredofhavingoneexaminationafteranother.A.isB.areC.amD.be15.Alibrarywithfivethousandbooks_______tothenationasagift.A.isofferedB.haveofferedC.areofferedD.hasoffered反义疑问句考点:原则:1.前肯后否,前否后肯2.前名后代3.时态一致1.反义疑问句的陈述部分为Iam……时,问句部分习惯上用aren’tI?I’maveryclevergirl,aren’tI?2.陈述部分为there(here)be结构时,问句部分用助/系动词+there/here?形式。Hereisastoryaboutmarktwain,isn’there?3.陈述句中具有un-,im-,in-,dis-,等否认意义的前缀构成的词语时,陈述部分要被视为肯定意义,问句部分用否认形式。Heisunhappy,isn’the?4.letme习惯上用shallI?或者willyou?Letus习惯上用willyou?Let's习惯上用shallwe?5.陈述部分为上述以外的祈使句时,问句部分一般用willyou表达请求;用won’tyou?表达委婉的请求或邀请。陈述部分为否认祈使句时,问句部分用willyou?Readthetext,willyou?Openthedoor,won’tyou?(语气更委婉一些)6.若陈述句部分具有never,few,little,hardly,no,seldom,nobody,nothing…否认词、半否认词时,附加疑问句用肯定形式。Hecanhardlyunderstandit,canhe?词形变换考点汇总1.the后两种考虑1)+名词2)形容词比较级,最高级The(serve)______hereisbetterthanthatinotherrestaurant.Theisthe(happy)_______timeIhaveeverhad.2.动词考点时态:过去,正在进行,完毕时语态:积极,被动注意积极表被动;有些词不能用被动虚拟语气分词做状语一个单词被逗号隔开,变为副词(Act)_________,Ihavenoideaaboutwha
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