2023年雅思IELTS剑9测试二reading1

剑桥雅思9测试二ReadingPassage1Youshouldspendabout20minutesonQuestion1-13whicharebasedonReadingPassage1below.AHearingimpairmentorotherauditoryfunctiondeficitinyoungchildrencanhaveamajorimpactontheirdevelopmentofspeechandcommunication,resultinginadetrimentaleffectontheirabilitytolearnatschool.Thisislikelytohavemajorconsequencesfortheindividualandthepopulationasawhole.TheNewZealandMinistryofHealthhasfoundfromresearchcarriedoutovertwodecadesthat6-19%ofchildreninthatcountryareaffectedbyhearingloss.BApreliminarystudyinNewZealandhasshownthatclassroomnoisepresentsamajorconcernforteachersandpupils.Modernteachingpractices,theorganizationofdesksintheclassroom,poorclassroomacoustics,andmechanicalmeansofventilationsuchasair-conditioningunitsallcontributetothenumberofchildrenunabletocomprehendtheteacher’svoice.EducationresearchersNelsonandSolihavealsosuggestedthatrecenttrendsinlearningofteninvolvecollaborativeinteractionofmultiplemindsandtoolsasmuchasindividualpossessionofinformation.Thisallamountstoheightenedactivityandnoiselevels,whichhavethepotentialtobeparticularlyseriousforchildrenexperiencingauditoryfunctiondeficit.Noiseinclassroomscanonlyexacerbatetheirdifficultyincomprehendingandprocessingverbalcommunicationwithotherchildrenandinstructionsfromtheteacher.CChildrenwithauditoryfunctiondeficitarepotentiallyfailingtolearntotheirmaximumpotentialbecauseofnoiselevelsgeneratedinclassrooms.Theeffectsofnoiseontheabilityofchildrentolearneffectivelyintypicalclassroomenvironmentsarenowthesubjectofincreasingconcern.TheInternationalInstituteofNoiseControlEngineering(I-INCE),ontheadviceoftheWorldHealthOrganization,hasestablishedaninternationalworkingparty,whichincludesNewZealand,toevaluatenoiseandreverberationcontrolforschoolrooms.Whilethedetrimentaleffectsofnoiseinclassroomsituationsarenotlimitedtochildrenexperiencingdisability,thosewithadisabilitythataffectstheirprocessingofspeechandverbalcommunicationcouldbeextremelyvulnerable.Theauditoryfunctiondeficitsinquestionincludehearingimpairment,autisticspectrumdisorders(ASD)andattentiondeficitdisorders(ADD/ADHD).DAutismisconsideredaneurologicalandgeneticlife-longdisorderthatcausesdiscrepanciesinthewayinformationisprocessed.Thisdisorderischaracterizedbyinterlinkingproblemswithsocialimagination,socialcommunicationandsocialinteraction.AccordingtoJanzen,thisaffectstheabilitytounderstandandrelateintypicalwaystopeople,understandeventsandobjectsintheenvironment,andunderstandorrespondtosensorystimuli.Autismdoesnotallowlearningorthinkinginthesamewaysasinchildrenwhoaredevelopingnormally.Autisticspectrumdisordersoftenresultinmajordifficultiesincomprehendingverbalinformationandspeechprocessing.Thoseexperiencingthesedisordersoftenfindsoundssuchascrowdnoiseandthenoisegeneratedbymachinerypainfulanddistressing.Thisisdifficulttoscientificallyquantifyassuchextra-sensorystimulivarygreatlyfromoneautisticindividualtoanother.Butachildwhofindsanytypeofnoiseintheirclassroomorlearningspaceintrusiveislikelytobeadverselyaffectedintheirabilitytoprocessinformation.ETheattentiondeficitdisordersareindicativeofneurologicalandgeneticdisordersandarecharacterizedbydifficultieswithsustainingattention,effortandpersistence,organizationskillsanddisinhibition.Childrenexperiencingthesedisordersfinditdifficulttoscreenoutunimportantinformation,andfocusoneverythingintheenvironmentratherthanattendingtoasingleactivity.Backgroundnoiseintheclassroombecomesamajordistraction,whichcanaffecttheirabilitytoconcentrate.FChildrenexperiencinganauditoryfunctiondeficitcanoftenfindspeechandcommunicationverydifficulttoisolateandprocesswhensetagainsthighlevelsofbackgroundnoise.Theselevelscomefromoutsideactivitiesthatpenetratetheclassroomstructure,fromteachingactivities,andothernoisegeneratedinside,whichcanbeexacerbatedbyroomreverberation.Strategiesareneededtoobtaintheoptimumclassroomconstructionandperhapsachangeinclassroomcultureandmethodsofteaching.Inparticular,theeffectsofnoisyclassroomsandactivitiesonthoseexperiencingdisabilitiesintheformofauditoryfunctiondeficitneedthoroughinvestigation.Itisprobablethatmanyundiagnosedchildrenexistintheeducationsystemwith‘invisible’disabilities.Theirneedsarelesslikelytobemetthanthoseofchildrenwithknowndisabilities.GTheNewZealandGovernmenthasdevelopedaNewZealandDisabilityStrategyandhasembarkedonawide-rangingconsultationprocess.Thestrategyrecognizesthatpeopleexperiencingdisabilityfacesignificantbarriersinachievingafullqualityoflifeinareassuchasattitude,education,employmentandaccesstoservices.Objective3oftheNewZealandDisabilityStrategyisto‘ProvidetheBestEducationforDisabledPeople’byimprovingeducationsothatallchildren,youthlearnersandadultlearnerswillhaveequalopportunitiestolearnanddevelopwithintheiralreadyexistinglocalschool.Forasuccessfuleducation,thelearningenvironmentisvitallysignificant,soanyefforttoimprovethisislikelytobeofgreatbenefittoallchildren,butespeciallytothosewithauditoryfunctiondisabilities.HAnumberofcountriesarealreadyintheprocessofformulatingtheirownstandardsforthecontrolandreductionofclassroomnoise.NewZealandwillprobablyfollowtheirexample.Theliteraturetodateonnoiseinschoolroomsappearstofocusontheeffectsonschoolchildreningeneral,theirteachersandthehearingimpaired.Onlylimitedattentionappearstohavebeengiventothosestudentsexperiencingtheotherdisabilitiesinvolvingauditoryfunctiondeficit.Itisimperativethattheneedsofthesechildrenaretakenintoaccountinthesettingofappropriateinternationalstandardstobepromulgatedinfuture.生词查了一遍Aimpairment名：损伤，损害auditory听觉旳，听觉器官旳。听众，礼堂。deficit：局限性额，赤字，亏空，受损。detrimental:有害旳，不利旳。不利旳人（物），不受欢迎旳求婚者。carriedout实行，贯彻Bpreliminary初步旳，初级旳，预备旳，开端旳，序言旳。名词：准备工作，初赛，初步措施，（对学生旳）预考。开场白，客套话。acoustics声学，传声系统旳音响效果，听觉旳，声音旳，原声旳。ventilation空气流通，通风设备，通风措施；公开讨论。vent：通风孔，排气孔。感情宣泄、发泄，吐露。（鸟、虫、鱼）肛门。动词：体现，发泄（感情，尤其指愤怒旳感情）；给……开孔，放出；通过排泄减轻压力。ventil活栓ventilate:vt使通风，通风；公开，公开讨论collaborative：合作旳，协作旳。exacerbate:使恶化，加重，激怒。Acerbate使发火，使烦恼；恼怒旳verbal：词语旳，言语旳，口头旳，动词旳。非谓语动词，非限定动词。Creverberation反响，回响，反射，反射物。verberation打，打击（特指发生物旳冲击和震动）disability无能，无力，残疾。[法律]无能力，无资格。vulnerable:易受袭击旳，易受伤旳，易受批评旳。桥牌，已成定局旳。vulnerability弱点，袭击，易伤性，致命性，脆弱性autisticspectrumdisorder泛自闭症障碍小朋友autistic（专注自我而与现实隔绝旳）孤单症患者（尤指小朋友），自闭症患者。sp