演漏市慢寨学校高考英语 名词性从句和语从句别知识点分析

漫滴州演漏市慢寨学校专题（四）名词性从句和定语从句名词性从句名词性从句的语法功能：在句中充当名词成分,也就是说做主语,宾语,表语,同位语.于是就形成了主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句.引导名词性从句的引导词可分为三类：一.引导词本身无词义,在从句中无地位.这类词只有一个,that二.词本身有词义但在从句中无地位,如:whether,if和asif三.词本身有词义且在句中有地位.如:who,whom,whose,what,which,when,where,why,how例句如下:.Thathesuddenlyfellilllastweekmadeussurprised.上星期他突然病倒使我们都感到吃惊.（that引导主语从句）.Itdoesn'tmattersomuchwhetheryouwillcomeornot.你是否来关系不太大.（whether引导主语从句，it作形式主语）.Whowillgoisnotimportant.谁要来不重要.（who引导主语从句）.Thequestionwaswhocouldgothere.问题是谁能去那儿.（who引导表语从句）.Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.他说课文非常重要,我们应当背诵下来.（两个that引导的都是宾语从句）.Thefactthathehadnotsaidanythingsurprisedeverybody.他什么也没说使大家感到吃惊.（that引导同位语从句）运用名词性从句是应当注意的几个问题:whether与if引导名词性从句是略有区别,if不能引导主语从句,不能与ornot连用,不与不定式连用.宾语从句应当注意时态的呼应,主句为与动词时过去时,宾语从句也应当是过去时（过去完成时,过去进行时,过去将来时）宾语从句否定前移问题:当主句中有:Ithink（suppose,expect,believe,imagine,guess）时.应当否定这些词,其实就是对后面从句的否定,应当注意的是主语必须是"I",其他主语同于一般动词的否定.如:Idon'tthinkyouareright.（我认为你不对.）Idon'tbelievetheywillwinthegame.（我相信他们不会赢得这场比赛.）Shesupposedthatwecouldn'tarrivesoearly.（他认为我们不会到到达如此早.）同位语从句一般用that引用,先行词一般为:news,fact,idea,suggestion,promise.当先行词为是可以用其他引导词.如:Everyoneknowsthefacttheearthgoesroundthesun.（众所周知地球围绕太阳转.）Ihavenoideawhenhewillbeback.（我不知道他什么时间回来.）练习找出各句中的从句并指出是何种从句don'tifIcandoit.Whatheisdoingseemsverydifficult.Theimportantthingishowwecanimproveourstudies.MrLialwaysthinksofhowhecandomoreforthepeople.Thenewsthatshewaspretendingtobesickwaswhisperedfromonetoanother.Iwassurprisedatwhathesaid.That'swhatyouaregoingtodofirst.That'llbedecidedwhoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting.Whenthesportsmeetistobeheldisstillunderdiscussion.HerecomesthenewsthatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool.答案：1.ifIcandoit宾语从句2Whatheisdoing主语从句3howwecanimproveourstudies表语从句howhecandomoreforthepeople介词宾语从句thatshewaspretendingtobesick同位语从句whathesaid介词宾语从句whatyouaregoingtodofirst表语从句whoisthemonitorofourclassattheclassmeeting宾语从句Whenthesportsmeetistobeheld主语从句thatsomeforeignersfromAmericawillvisitourschool同位语从句.把下列各句填入适当的引导词1.---Couldyoutellme themanis?---Heismybrother.Ididn'tknow hewascominguntilyesterday.It'sstillaquestion weshallhaveoursports.---It'ssaidweshallhaveitnextweek.Thenews hewaschosenmadeushappy.Thedoctorasked medicineyouhavetaken.Thisis theysolvedtheproblemsinthecity.ourfootballteamwillwinisuncertainyet. frightenedusmostwas twolightsappearedsuddenlyinthedarkness.Mymotherasked wasthematterwithme.ThereasonIdidn'tcometothemeetingwas Igotill.答案：1.who2.that3.when4.that5.what6.how7.Whether8.What9.what10thatIII.翻译下列各句.肯定他将来参加宴会。决定我们什么时候去北京了吗？他什么也没说使大家都很奇怪。无疑问史密斯先生很健康。很清楚你错了。.这是我们所想要的东西。我想你对。.我想知道他是否能帮助我。.天气不是昨天那样了。问题是我们怎么能完成任务。答案：issurethathewillcometotheparty.2.IsitdecidedwhenwewillgotoBeijing.Thefactthathedidn'tsayanythingsurprisedeveryone..ThereisnodoubtthatMrSmithisingoodhealth.5.Itisclearthatyouarewrong.6.Thisiswhatwewant.7.Ithinkyouareright.I'liketoknowwhetheryoucanhelpmeornot.Theweatherisnotwhatitwasyesterday.Theproblemishowwecanfinishthetask.形容词从句形容词从句在句中起形容词作用.形容词的主要功能是作定语,所以,形容词从句又叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫做先行词,定语从句必须有引导词引导,先行词一定与引导词有关系，引导词应能代替先行词，在从句中做成分，因此,形容词从句又叫关系从句.形容词从句中的引导词尤为重要。一是引导从句，作为从句的重要标志；二是代替先行词;三是在从句中充当成分。由在从句中的地位划分,引导词可分为三类:一.主语,宾语引导词.如:who,whom,what,that,which,as二.状语引导词.如:where,when,why三.定语引导词.如:whose例如:1).Sheisthegirlwhosingsbestofall.她是所有人唱歌最好的那个小女孩.引导词who代替先行词thegirl,在定语从句中作主语..Pleasepassmethenotebookwhosecoverisred.给我书皮是红色的那本书.引导词whose代替先行词thenotebook,在从句中作定语..Asteelplantisaplacewheresteelismade.钢厂是生产钢的地方.引导词where与先行词theplace有关系，相当于intheplace,在句中作状语,可以理解为:steelismadeintheplace..Aseveryoneknows,heishonest.众所周知,她很诚实.引导词as代替先行词heishonest（先行词为一句话），在定语从句中作know的宾语.需要注意的几个问题:.先行词为"人"时，引导词用who,whom;whose即可代替"人"又可代替"物"，that即可指"人"又可指"物"；which指"物"或"整句"；as前面常有such或thesame.例如:1）.Iwon'ttellthemthenews,whichwillmakethemsad.我不愿意告诉他们那个消息,会使他们悲伤的.（which指物）.Bambooishollow,whichmakesthemverylight.竹子是空的,这会使他们轻.（which代替整句话：bambooishollow）.HemustbefromAfrica,ascanheseenfromskin.从皮肤上看,他一定来自于非洲.（as指全句：hemustbefromAfrica）.LiHuawasoneofthegirlswhohavethechances.李华是那些有机会的小女孩之一.（who指人）.Thatistheboywhosefatherdiedthreeyearsago.那就是三年前他爸爸死的那个小男孩.（whose指人，相当于：theboy's）.Doyouhaveabottlewhoselidisred?你有瓶盖是红色的瓶子吗?（whose指物）2.that和which都能指物，指物是可以互换，that也能指人.但下列情况必须用that.1）先行词为all,anything,everything,nothing,something等不定代词.2）先行词有序数词或形容词最高级修饰.3）先行词被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast等词修饰.4）先行词既有人也有物.5）以who开头的疑问句例如：Iwatchedalltheglassesthatwereonthetablefalloffontothefloor.我看到了所有桌子上的杯子掉到了地板上.Theparksaretheclearestparksthatyoucanimagine.这些公园是你能想象的最干净的公园.CornwasnottheonlyfoodthatwastakentoEurope.玉米并不是被传往欧洲的唯一食物.Theytalkedaboutthingsandpersonsthattheyremembered.他们谈起所记起的人和事.以下情况时能用which前面紧接介词时.引导非限定从句时例如:Thisisthebookaboutwhichwearetalkingnow.这是我们正谈的那本书.Tomstudieshardandisreadytohelpothers,whichhisparentsexpect.汤姆努力学习并乐于助人,这正是他父母所盼望的.练习题1.填入适当的引导词Pleasepassmethenotebook coverisyellow.LiHuawasoneofthegirls havethechancetogoabroad.HemustbeformAfrica, canbeseenfromhisskin.Air,___webreatheeveryday,isaroundusallthetime.1949wastheyear theNewChinawasborn.6.Idon'tknowthereason shelooksunhappytoday.7.Thisisthevillage myfatherworkedthreeyearsago.stillremembertheday theoldscientisttookustothelabforthefirsttime..Theletter Ireceivedyesterdayisfrommysister..Thewoman yousawintheparkisourgeographyteacher.答案：1.whose2.who3.as4.which5.when6.why7.where8.when9.that10.whomII.合并各组句子Thefactoryisasmallone.Thefactorystandsneartheriver.Haveyouansweredtheletter?Yougotthatlettertwoweeksago.I'llneverforgettheday.OnthatdayIjoinedtheLeague.Wearenotallowedtodoso.Tellmethereason.Theboystudentisveryyoung.Hewonthegame.Thetownhasbecomeafamouscity.Hegrewupinthetown.IspendmychildhoodinSuzhou.IhaveneverbeenthereagainsinceIleft.HeisleavingforWuhantomeethisdaughter.Hehasnotseenthegirlforyears.Doyouknowtheman?Hissonisafamousscientist.Myuncleboughtthebicyclelastweek.Thebicyclehasbeenstolen.答案：Thefactorywhichisasmallonestandsneartheriver.Haveyouansweredtheletterthatyoureceivedtwoweeksago?I'llneverforgetthedaywhenIjoinedtheLeague.Tellmethereasonwhywearenotallowedtodoso.The