英美文化基础第一章The Country课件

ChapterITheCountry

ContentsPhysicalFeatures1Climate

2Nationalflag,anthem,emblem3Components

4Doyouknowtheanswerstothesefollowingquestions?HowmanypartscantheUKbedividedinto?Whatarethey?WhydopeopleinforeigncountriessometimesmakethemistakeoftalkingaboutEnglandwhentheymeantheUK?Haveyouevermadethesamemistake?WhatarethegeographicfeaturesoftheUK?DoyouknowanycitiesintheUK?WhatistheweatherlikeintheUK?DoyouknowthelocationofBritain?地理概况

Whenyouarereferringtothemeaningof“YingGuo”inEnglish,whichnamedoyouusemostoften?Britainb.TheUnitedKingdomc.GreatBritaind.TheU.K.e.Englandf.TheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIrelandtheinformalnametheabbreviatednamethefullandofficialnameII.GeographicalFeatures英国的地理特征

1.GeographicalpositionofBritain:

英国的地理位置：

Britainisanislandcountrysurroundedbythesea.ItliesintheNorthAtlanticOceanoffthenorthcoastofEurope.ItisseparatedfromtherestofEuropebytheEnglishChannelinthesouthandtheNorthSeaintheeast.

英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部，与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其它部分隔开。

ScotlandNorthernIreland

IrelandWalesEnglandLondonNorthSeaIrishSeaTheAtlanticOceanEnglishChannelLookatthemapoftheBritishIslesandgivethenamesofthefollowingplacesonthemap:ScotlandAdministrativedivisionsTheofficialtitleoftheUKistheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainandNorthernIreland.TheUKismadeupof:※GreatBritain(England,Scotland,andtheprincipalityofWales.)

※NorthernIreland(alsoknownasUlster)※NumeroussmallerislandsEnglandWalesScotlandNorthernIrelandNorthSeaEnglishChannelAtlanticOceanIrelandIsleofManIrishSeaDescribethelocationofthefollowingplacesonthemapNorthSeaAtlanticOceanEnglishChannelScotlandWalesEnglandNorthernIrelandScotlandEnglandseparatedkingdoms1283WalesconqueredbyEngland1536Wales

England

formedaunion1707Scotland

Wales

England

JoinedinFormedtheKingdomofGreatBritain1801Scotland

Wales

England

IrelandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainAndIrelandHistoryoftheUK1922Scotland

Wales

England

NorthernIrelandTheUnitedKingdomofGreatBritainAndNorthernIrelandHistoryoftheUKChapterI

IV.Topography地貌14physiographic

provincesThePhysiographicalFeaturesoftheUK:VariedlandscapeFlatlandsinEnglandMountainsinScoltlandandWalesThenorthandwest---highlands.Theeastandsoutheast---lowlands

Geographicalfeatures

rivers

ThelongestriverinEngland:RiverSevern（220

miles，354

km)NEWSEVERNBRIDGE:thelongestbridgeintheUK,connectingWalesandEngland

TheSevernRiverIII.TheRiverThames:

“IftherewerenoThames,therewouldbenoLondon.”——thelifelineofLondon,flowsthroughLondonandgoesintotheEnglishChannel.

ThamesRiver（泰晤士河）isthesecondlongestandmostimportantriverinBritain(336km).泰晤士河（ThamesRiver）是英国著名的“母亲”河。全长402公里，横贯英国首都伦敦。注入北海。伦敦的主要建筑物大多分布在泰晤士河，如威斯敏斯特大教堂、具有文艺复兴风格的圣保罗大教堂、曾经见证过英国历史上黑暗时期的伦敦塔、桥面可以起降的伦敦塔桥等。theThamesRiver

泰晤士河

TheThamesRiverWestministerAbbeyalarge,mainlyGothicchurch,inWestminster,LondonthetraditionalplaceofcoronationandburialsiteformonarchsofCommonwealthRealms

St.Paul’sCathedralTheTowerBridgeLoughNeagh（内伊湖）isthelargestlakeinBritain,whichislocatedinNorthernIreland(396squarekilometers).LakeDistrictascenicspotinNorthWestEnglandApopularholidaydestinationbeingfamousforitslakesanditsmountainsitsassociationswiththeearly19thcenturypoetryandwritingsofWilliamWordsworth

andotherpoets.WilliamWordswortharomanticpoetappointedpoetlaureatein1843LivingintheLakedistrictafter1797（1770—1850）DoveCottagewasthehomeofWilliamWordsworth(1770-1850),oneoftheearliestandperhapsgreatest,oftheEnglishRomanticpoets.

WilliamWordsworth(1770-1850)

THEDAFFODILS

“我孤独地游荡，像一朵白云，在山丘和谷地上飘荡，忽然间我看见一群金色的水仙花迎春开放.....”——威廉.沃兹沃斯I

wandered

lonely

as

a

cloud

That

floats

on

high

o'er

vales

and

hills,1

When

all

at

once

I

saw

a

crowd,

A

host,

of

golden

daffodils;

Beside

the

lake,

beneath

the

trees,

Fluttering

and

dancing

in

the

breeze.

Continuous

as

the

stars

that

shine

And

twinkle

on

the

milky

way,

They

stretched

in

never-ending

line

Along

the

margin

of

a

bay:

Ten

thousand

saw

I

at

a

glance2

Tossing

their

heads

in

sprightly

dance.

The

waves

beside

them

danced,

but

they

Out-did

the

sparkling

waves

in

glee;

A

poet

could

not

but3

be

gay,

In

such

a

jocund

company!

I

gazed

--

and

gazed

--

but

little

thouTheLakeDistrictPastoralsceneinLakeDistrict

TendingsheepinCumbria

Climate气候：属温带海洋性气候。英国因受北大西洋暖流影响，冬暖夏凉，四季寒暑变化不大。温带落叶阔叶林带，终年温和湿润。通常最高气温不超过32℃，最低气温不低于－10℃，平均气温1月4～7℃，7月13～17℃。年平均降水量约1000毫米。北部和西部山区的年降水量超过2000毫米，中部和东部则少于800毫米。每年二月至三月最为干燥，十月至来年一月最为湿润2、英国气候IntroductiontoBritishandAmericanCultureClimateFeaturesAtemperatemaritimeclimate:

Neitherverycoldnorveryhotalltheyearround

Threefeatures

Thereisoftenalotoffogorsmoginwinter.Therearemanymorerainydaysthansunnydays.Theweatherisquiteinstableandchangeable.

NextComponentsRegionsoftheUKEnglandWalesScotlandNorthernIrelandEnglandCapital(andlargestcity):London

Area:130423sqkmOfficiallanguages:EnglishPopulation2008:above50million(UK:about60million)

SymbolsofEnglandWhatimagesareassociatedwithEngland?

StGeorge'sFlag:

FlagofEngland

ThreeLionsEmblemPrincessDiana,England'sRose

白金汉宫：英国的王宫。1703年为白金汉公爵所建而得名。1863年始成为英国历代君主的寝宫，集合办公与居家功能于一身。

宫殿上方如果飘扬着国旗，表示女王正住在宫中。

白金汉宫对外开放一、禁卫军的换岗仪式

白金汉宫的皇家卫队每年4-9月时上午11:30至12:00都会举行的换岗仪式，其他月份每两天11:30举行一次，在军乐和口令声中，作各种列队表演，并举行的举枪互致敬礼，一派王室气象，常常吸引路人和游客围观。二、白金汉宫在每年的8、9月间都对外开放，参观者可以购票游览女王接待国宾举行国宴的国事厅、舞厅、画廊以及后花园等处。表情严肃、不动声色、总也逗不笑的禁卫军士兵

猩红的制服、金色的乐器、黑色的熊皮帽，好一派皇家气派白金汉宫前的观光客大本钟

坐落于泰晤士河畔，议会大厦东侧高95米的钟楼上，钟楼四面的圆形钟盘，直径为6.7米，是伦敦的传统地标。钟重13.5吨，钟盘直径7米，时针和分针长度分别为2.75米和4.27米，钟摆重305公斤。大本钟从1859年就为伦敦城报时，根据格林尼治时间每隔一小时敲响一次，至今将近一个半世纪，尽管这期间大本钟曾两度裂开而重铸。现在大本钟的钟声仍然清晰、动听。每个钟面的底座上刻着拉丁文的题词，“上帝啊，请保佑我们的女王维多利亚一世的安全。”威斯敏斯特教堂（西敏寺）英国王室大大小小各种重大事件都会在威斯敏斯特大教堂内举行，不管是登基仪式还是盛大的王室婚礼，就连王室成员的墓葬之处也是这里。威廉王子大婚在西敏寺伊丽莎白二世加冕照加冕宝座自公元1308年爱得华一世在此处加冕登基之后，历代的英国君王都使用同一把加冕宝座。宝座下面原有一块被称为“命运之石”的加冕石，据说原产于圣地，是《旧约》里提到的雅各梦见天梯的枕头，谁得到这块石头谁就将统治世界。除了王室成员，英国许多领域的伟大人物也埋葬在此。英国人因此把威斯敏斯特教堂称为“荣誉的宝塔尖”，认为死后能在这里占据一席之地，是至高无上的光荣。

他们或被埋葬在教堂内，或者在此树立纪念碑。这里一些著名政治家、科学家、军事家、文学家的墓地，其中有丘吉尔、牛顿、达尔文、狄更斯、布朗宁等。牛顿之墓圣保罗大教堂

圣保罗大教堂是世界著名的宗教圣地，世界第五大教堂，英国第一大教堂，以其壮观的圆形屋顶而闻名，它模仿罗马的圣彼得大教堂，是英国古典主义建筑的代表。格林威治天文台（位于伦敦东南，泰晤士河畔）ThetowerofLondon伦敦塔伦敦塔的历史已近千年，它的作用却不断地在变化：城堡、王宫、宝库、火药库、铸币厂、监狱、动物园直到现在伦敦观光区。

伦敦塔桥伦敦塔桥是从英国伦敦泰晤士河口算起的第一座桥（泰晤士河上共建桥15座），也是伦敦的象征，有“伦敦正门”之称。

桥身分为上、下两层，上层(桥面高于高潮水位约42米)为宽阔的悬空人行道，两侧装有玻璃窗，行人从桥上通过，可以饱览泰晤士河两岸的美丽风光；下层可供车辆通行。

桥塔内设楼梯上下，内设博物馆、展览厅、商店、酒吧等。登塔远眺，可尽情欣赏泰晤士河上下游十里风光。

巨石阵在英国伦敦西南100多千米的索尔兹伯里平原上。巨石呈环形屹立在绿色的旷野间，这就是英伦三岛最著名、最神秘的史前遗迹—巨石阵。约建于公元前4000-2000年，属新石器时代末期至青铜时代。巨石阵最不可思议的是石阵中心的巨石，这些巨石最高的有8米，平均重量近30吨。ScotlandGeographyArea:78

772

km²(30

414

miles²),

roughly30%oftheareaoftheUKClimate:temperateandverychangeable,butrarelyextremePopulation:5.1million,12%ofthepopulationCapital:EdinburghcultureGeographyThegeographyofScotlandishighlyvaried,fromrurallowlandstobarrenuplands,andfromlargecitiestouninhabitedislands.Scotlandisdividedinto:theHighlandsthecentrallowlandstheSouthernUplands.BackEdinburghthecapitalcityofScotlandeconomiccenterofScotlandatouristcitysecondonlytoLondoninU.K.aculturalcity，holdinganinternationalfestivalofmusicandtheartseveryyear

ThenewcityofEdinburghEdiburghcastleThesymbolofEdiburghsituatedonamoundofvolcanicrockoneofScotland'soldestcastles,unequalledinthewholeoftheBritishIslesaremarkablefortress,thehistoricalinterestofandformerroyalresidence,visitedannuallybyapproximatelyonemillionpeopleNovisittoEdinburghiscompletewithoutavisittoEdinburghCastle

CastlesinEdiburghBack3、苏格兰风情高尔夫、风笛、格子呢裙和威士忌，是苏格兰文化的重要元素。高尔夫的发源地苏格兰被公认为高尔夫的故乡，其高尔夫运动的历史和文化可以追溯到600多年前。世界上没有任何其他地方有如此厚重的传统。苏格兰有540多个球场，所有球场都提供独一无二的多种挑战。

传统服装：一套苏格兰民族服装包括：一条长度及膝的方格呢裙，一件色调与之相配的背心和一件花呢夹克，一双长筒针织厚袜。裙子用皮质宽腰带系牢，下面悬挂一个大腰包，挂在花格子呢裙子前面的正中央，有时肩上还斜披一条花格呢毯，用卡子在左肩处卡住。如泣如诉的风笛

苏格兰威士忌(ScotchWhiskey)

是一种只在苏格兰地区生产制造的威士忌。如今，威士忌已迎来了在全世界经销500多年的历史。全世界再没有其他国家能像苏格兰一般，与威士忌密不可分，也没有像苏格兰那么多的威士忌酿酒厂。Backthehighestpeak,BenNevis,1

344

m(4

409

ft).BenNevisfromBanavievillage

BenNevisinWinter

NorthernIrelandNorthernIrelandSmallestnationintheUK(only1.5millionpeople）MostlyRuralOftencalled“Ulster”CapitalCity：BelfastLeastwealthyofallUKnationsCityHall市政大厅Giant’sCauseway:巨人之路Giant’sCauseway:

isanareaofabout40,000interlocking（相连的）basaltcolumns（玄武岩柱）,theresultofanancientvolcaniceruption.ItislocatedonthenortheastcoastofNorthernIreland.Giant'sCausewayduringsunsetGiant’scauseway(3)2023/2/3103TheGiant'sBoot.WalesGeography:mainlyofmountainsArea:20779km²Population:2.99.1millionClimate:temperate,maritimeclimate;oneofthewettestregionsinEuropeCapital:CardiffThereddragonThesceneryofWales

StGilesChurch

StGilesChurch

翻译:圣吉尔斯教堂Old

StoneCastlesTouristAttractions远处的Snowdon

2.TheNationalFlag:

UnionJack—isthenameofBritishnationalflag.Thecolorblueisthebackgroundanditselementarycolor.Thecrossesrefertotheunityofthisnationbymeansofreligion.

ChapterI

EnglandScotlandIrelandNationalflag

EnglandScotlandIrelandTheNationalFlagofEngland(theflagofSt.George)

StGeorge'sDay

(23April):thenationaldayofEnglandTheNationalFlagofScotland(theflagofSt.Andrew)

adiagonalwhitecrossform(calledasaltire)onabluefield

﹢WhentheredcrossofEnglandwasputontotheflagofScotland,awhiteborderwasaddedaroundtheredcrossforreasonsofheraldry（纹章学）.(Therulesofheraldrydemandedthattwocoloursmustnevertoucheachother.)TheNationalFlagof

(thecrossofSt.Patrick)