中英思维方式对比PPT

中英思维方式对比

语言————思维方式

体现反作用思维方式：中VS英

中国思维形象思维本体思维顺向思维重整体偏综合性思维重直觉“悟性”直线思维重伦理英美思维逻辑思维客体思维逆向思维重个体偏分析性思维重实证曲线思维重认知中国：Figurativethinking尚像—偏重形象起源：象形文字英美：Logicalthinking尚思—偏重抽象起源：腓尼基字母胸有成竹：Tohaveabambooinone’schestTohaveawellthought-outplan水深火热的生活：LeadalifeindeepwaterandhotfireLeadalifeforextremehardship小伙子年轻年轻漂亮，脑子里却是一张白纸。Aniceenoughyoungfellow,youunderstand,nothingupstairs.我军势如破竹，打得敌军落花流水。Ourarmywonasmoothandoverwhelmingvictory.三个人品字式坐下，随便谈了几句。Thethreemensatdownfacingeachotherandbegancasuallychatting.聪明人防患于未然，愚蠢者临渴掘井。Wisdompreparestheworst,butfollyleavestheworstforthedayitcomes.形象思维：具体形象的词——抽象事物——借物言志抽象思维：抽象名词——具体事物——指称意义实明直显象虚暗泛隐曲《秋思》—马致远枯藤老树昏鸦小桥流水人家古道西风瘦马O’eroldtreewreathedwithrottenflyeveningcrows;’Neathtinybridgebesideaclearstreamflows;Onancientroadinwesternbreezealeanhorsegoes;----许渊冲译《商山早行》--温庭筠鸡声茅店月人迹板桥霜Thecockcrowsasthemoonseto’erthatchedinn;Footprintsareleftonwoodbridgepavedwithfrost.

许渊冲译中国：本体型思维以人为中心来观察、分析、推理和研究事物的思维方式英美：客体型思维把客观自然界作为观察、分析、推理和研究的中心本体VS客体思维Shehasbeenawidowonlysixmonths.译1：她只当了6个月的寡妇。译2：她的丈夫死了至今不过半年。Thethickcarpetkilledthesoundofmyfootsteps.我走在厚厚的地毯上，一点脚步声也没有。本体VS客体思维我想到了：这是只熟鸟，也许自幼养在笼中。Itoccurstomethatitmustbeatamebird.他赢钱赢得那么多，无怪乎眼红的人，赌输的人，有时说起这件事情便发牢骚。Hissuccessesweresorepeatedthatnowondertheenviousandthevanquishedspokesometimeswithbitternessregardingthem.顺向思维VS逆向思维中国：面向着过去来区分时间先后“前”—过去的时间“后”-未来的时间英美：面向着未来过去：Back,after,past将来：Forward,before,futureThemotherisnotthere,shetookoffafewyearsback.------TheLoons登幽州台歌前不见古人，后不见来者，念天地之悠悠，独怆然而泪下

OnclimbingtheToweratYouzhouWherethesagesofthepast,Andthoseoffutureyears,Skyandearthforeverlast,Lonely,Ishedsadtears.顺向VS逆向思维您先请九五折自学东北西南钢铁工业水火不容不管晴雨Afteryou!AfivepercentdiscountSelf-taughtNortheastsouthwestIronandsteelindustryAsincompatibleasfireandwaterRainorshine中国：重整体偏重综合性（从多到一）对称与和谐语法的隐含性句法的意合性词义的笼统与模糊性英美：重个体偏重分析性思维（由一到多）语法的外显性句法的形合性词义的具体性重整体VS重个体

起源——造字法中国：形声造字法英美：”原子主义“=原子核+核外电子”木”旁：松柏桃李树林Pine，cypress，peach，plum，tree，forest“水“旁：江河湖泊海洋深浅

river，lake，sea，ocean，deep，shallow综合性VS分析性春花含苞待放,绿叶缓缓舒展,溪水潺潺流淌,欢乐的春天涌动着无限的追求和希望,这一切难以用语言倾诉表达。Springhassomuchmorethanspeechinitsunfoldingflowersandleaves,andthecoursingofitsstreams,andinitssweetrestlessseeking!(JohnGalesworthyTheAppleTree)对称与和谐生存在功利社会，奔波劳顿，勾心斗角，若想做到从心所欲，难哉兮！Inabusinesssociety,wherepeoplerunaboutinpursuitofpersonalgainsattheexpenseofothers,itisreallydifficulttodoasyouplease.对称与和谐善欲人见，不是真善；恶恐人知，便是大恶。Agooddeedisnogooddeedifitisdoneforshow.Anevilisalltheworseifitiscoveredup

时(tense)体(aspect)语态(voice)语气(mood)我完全被吸引住了，死死地盯着看，一个同伴问我是不是认识这肖像。我就在想，除了几个我认识的人外，我肯定是唯一知道的人了。Iwastotallyarrested,andasIstoodgazingonit,mycompanionaskedmeifIknewthewhoitwas.Iwasthinkingthat,beyondafewwhomcouldname,Imustbealmosttheonlypersonwhocouldknow.语法的隐形VS显性意合VS形合意合—靠句子内部的逻辑关系形合---靠语言本身AndItakeheartfromthefactthattheenemies,whoboastthattheycanoccupythestrategicpointinacoupleofhours,havenotyetbeenabletotakeeventheoutlyingregions,becauseofthestiffresistancethatgetsintheway.由于受到顽强抵抗，吹嘘能在几小时就能占领战略要地的敌人甚至还没能占领外围地带，这一事实使我增强了信心。词义的朦胧VS具体汉语词义较笼统，英语语义较具体

“车来了”Herecomesthe…”车＝bus,minibus,lorry,taxi,bike,motorcycle…“借我一支笔”笔＝pen,ballpen,pencil,apieceofchalk,colorpen直觉VS实证中国：重直觉，”悟性“，”天人合一“英美：重实证，理性知识，”天人相分1）热得我满身大汗。Theheatmademesweat.Iwassweatingallover.2）不坚持，就会失败。Onewillfailunlessonepreserves.直线思维VS曲线思维Itisatruth

universallyacknowledgedthatasinglemaninpossessionofagoodfortunemustbeinwantofawife.(J.Austen,Prideandprejudice)凡是有钱的单身汉,总想娶个太太,这是一条举世公认的真理。直线思维VS曲线思维Soccerisaverydifficultsport

.(1)Aplayermustbeabletorunsteadilywithoutrest.(2)Sometimesaplayermusthittheballwithhisorherhead.(3)Playersmustbewillingtobangintoandbebangedintobyothers.(4)Theymustputupwithachingfeetandsoremuscles.

重伦理VS认知中国：重伦理，集体主义，”大