期末复习名词

名词期末复习——名词的定义

名词是表示人,事物,地点或抽象概念的名称。

desk桌子time时间life生活book书本room房间honesty诚实worker工人pencil铅笔computer计算机

专有名词是个别的人、地、物、团体、机构等的专用名称。专有名词中实词的第一个字母要大写。如：Beijing,Tom,thePeople’sRepublicofChina(中华人民共和国)

专有名词如果是含有普通名词的短语,则必须使用定冠词the。如：theGreatWall(长城)

姓氏名如果采用复数形式,则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含义),如：theGreens(格林一家人)。普通名词是表示某些人,某类事物,某种物质或抽象概念的名称。。如：pupil,family,man,foot.

普通名词又可以分为四类

1)个体名词:表示单个的人和事物。

house马car汽车room房间apple苹果fun风扇picture照片

2)集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。

people人们family家庭army军队classgovernment政府group集团

grade

3)物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质。

firerainsnowwind

airwatermilktime

4)抽象名词:表示动作,状态,品质或其他抽象概念。

labour劳动health健康life生活friendship友情patience耐力confidencecare

名词可数名词

不可数名词（量的表示）单数复数（形式变化）aanonethe可数名词的复数变化规则①在单数名词词尾加s。如：melon→melons,vegetable→vegetables.②s,,x,sh,ch结尾的词加es.

如：class→classes,box→boxes,

dish→dishes,peach→peachessandwich→sandwiches

[注]：少数以o结尾的词,变复数时只加s。如：photo→photos,piano→pianos.radios③以辅音字母加y结尾的名词,变y为i,再加es。如：family→families,

city→cities,

strawberry→strawberriespartystoryboytoykeymonkey

④以f或fe结尾的名词,变f或fe为v,再加es。

如：shelf→shelves,wolf→wolves,life→lives,

knife→kniveswife,leaf⑤不规则变化

man→men

woman→women

sheep→sheep

tooth→teethchild→children

goose→geesefoot---feet

fish→fish不可数名词一般没有复数形式Exercises将下列单词变成复数bus-class-box-match-watch-tomato-potato-radio-photo-zoo-family-country-city-story-baby-key-boy-life-knife-leaf-woman-

Frenchman-foot-American-Chinese-sheep-child-buses

classes

boxesmatches

watches

tomatoespotatoesradios

photoszoosfamilies

countiescities

stories

babieskeys

boyssheep

childrenknivesleaveslivesFrenchmenwomenAmericansfeet

Chinese不可数名词数量的表达法：在不可数名词前加of短语,利用量词和容器的数量来表示不可数名词的“量”.

abottleofmilk---twobottlesofmilkapieceofmeat---threepiecesofmeat表示不可数名词量的相关词语还有：some,alotof,much,alittle,little,lotsof……巩固练习:(1)一茶杯茶（2）一块冰（3）两公斤肉（4）五瓶桔汁（5）许多瓶牛奶重点再现abottleofjuiceaglassofmilkabagofrice

apoundofbreadapieceofmeatakiloofchicken2bottlesofjuice3glassesofmilk4bagsofrice5poundsofbread6pieces

ofmeat7kilosofchicken1.不可数名词以容器来计量如:2.不可数名词以表示数量的单位来计算如:复数形式复数形式只把容器变复数只把计量单位变复数注意问题

不可数名词可用作复数的几种情况。用来表示类别时，可用复数。例如：

drinks各种饮料vegetables各种蔬菜

foods各种食物fruits各种水果

Therearen’tany_____inthefridge.Let’sgoandbuysomepeas,carrotsandcabbages.A.vegetablesB.fruitC.meatD.eggsA选择填空()1.Iwantthree____whitepaper.A.piecesB.pieceofC.piecesof()2.Doyouwanttodrinkmuch____?A.amilkB.milkC.milks()3.Inautumn,youcanseealotof____ontheground.A.leafB.leafsC.leaves()4.Mysisterhastwo____.Oneisold,theotherisnew.A.awatchB.watchsC.watches

C

B

C

C选择填空()5.TheycomefromJapan.They’re____.A.JapaneseB.JapanesesC.aJapanese()6.Some____arecomingtohelpus.A.peoplesB.peopleC.thepeople()7.Thehorsehasfour____.A.feetB.feetsC.foots()8.Theboyhurtoneofhis_____,sohecouldn’twalkanylonger.A.teethB.handsC.feetD.earsACBA选择填空()9.Wehavealotof____todo.A.worksB.workC.worker()10.Canyouseemany____areeatingthegrassatthefootofthehill?A.sheepsB.sheepC.asheep()11.Therearesix____inkitchen.A.bagofriceB.bagsofricesC.bagsofrice()12.DoyoulikeAmerican____?A.foodsB.foodC.afoodBBCB选择填空()13.Hehasthree____underthebed.A.pairofshoeB.pairsofshoeC.pairsofshoes()14.____comefromEngland.TheyspeakEnglish.A.AnEnglishmanB.EnglishmansC.Englishmen()15.I’mhungry.Giveme____toeat.A.twopiecesofbreadB.twopieceofbreadsC.twopieceofbread

CCA1.SueandJoanare______.A.twinsbrotherB.twinbrothersC.twinssistersD.twinsisters2.Therearelotsof_____overthere.A.applestreesB.applestreeC.appletreesD.appletree3.There____afewsheepunderthetree.A.areB.isC.beD.aren’t4.Myschoolisabouttwenty_____walkfromhere.A.minutesB.minutes’C.minute’sD.minute5.The____ofanairticketfromDaliantoGuangzhouisabout1,800yuan.A.priceB.moneyD.payD.useChoosethebestanswerDCBBATHEFIRSTROUND6.---WhatcanIdoforyou?---I’dliketwo_______.A.boxofappleB.boxesofappleC.boxofapplesD.boxesofapples8.---CanIhelpyou?---I’dlikesome_____.A.bottleoforangeB.bottlesoforangesC.bottleoforangesD.bottlesoforange10.TheEnglishnovel（小说）isquiteeasyforyou.Thereare____newwordsinit.A.alittleB.littleC.afewD.fewDDDTHESECONDROUND名词所有格1.________hatlookslikeacat.(Lucy)2.Theyarethe_______desks.(twin)3.Thisshopsells___________(child)toys.4.Hei