中考英语语法考点复习动词时态课件

动词及其时态中考语法动词及其时态概述 动词即表示动作或状态的词。如：come,think,call,sit,study,have,be,feel等；动词具有人称、数量、时态、语态的变化。 时态是谓语动词的一种形式。在英语中，不同时间所发生的动作或存在的情况要用不同的动作形式来表现。初中阶段学习了八种，但中考只考查其中六种。即：一般现在时、一般过去时、现在进行时、过去进行时、一般将来时和现在完成时。考点分布1．动词的考点：（1）动词的基本形式（2）系动词（3）及物动词和不及物动词（4）助动词（5）情态动词2.时态的考点（1）现在进行时（2）一般现在时（3）一般过去时（4）一般将来时（5）过去进行时（6）现在完成时考点梳理考点一动词的基本形式

动词的基本形式有：原形、第三人称单数、现在分词、过去分词和过去式。类别用法要求或变化规则举例原形1.位于情态动词之后，如：can,may,must,should,would,haveto,needn’t等。Hecanplaythepiano.Youmustfinishyourhomeworkontime.2.位于助动词之后，如：do,does,did,will,shall等。Didyouhaveagoodtimeyesterday?3.位于感官动词或使役动词之后，如：see,watch,hear,make,let,have等。Don’tlethereattoomuch.Let’sgotoplaybasketballwithJack.4.跟在to后面构成动词不定式，如：tocomeTellyourfathertogiveupsmoking.考点梳理类别用法要求或变化规则举例第三人称单数在一般现在时里，当主语是第三人称单数时，动词要用第三人称单数形式。其变化规则如下:

1.一般动词在词尾加-s构成;2.以x,s,ch,sh和o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;3.以辅音字母加“y”结尾的动词，先改“y”为“i”后，在加-es;4、不规则形式：have—has；be—is1.play—plays;like—likes;speak—speaks2.teach—teaches;

go—goesfix—fixes;wash—washes3.study—studies;fly—fliescarry—carries;cry—cries注：以元音字母加-y结尾的，直接加-s如：buys,says,plays,obeys等。考点梳理类别用法要求或变化规则举例现在分词现在分词与be动词构成进行时态，其变化规则如下：1.一般动词直接在词尾加-ing;2.以不发音的字母e结尾的，去e再加-ing；3.以重读闭音节结尾的动词，先双写末尾的辅音字母再加-ing.4.以-ie为重读音节结尾的动词，改ie为y，再加-ing.1.look–lookinglisten——e–comingwrite—writing注意：see—seeing;agree—agreeing3.put–puttingstop–stoppingrun–runningswim–swimming4.lie–lyingdie–dyingtie——tying考点梳理类别用法要求或变化规则举例过去式过去式用在一般过去时里，规则动词变化如下：1.一般动词在词尾加-ed构成；2.重读闭音节词，先双写末尾辅音字母再加-ed；3.以不发音字母e结尾的动词，加-d；4.以辅音字母加-y结尾的，先改y为i，再加-ed。1.work—worked;call—called;clean—cleaned;look—looked2.stop—stopped;drop—dropped3.like—liked;smile—smiled4.carry—carried;study—studied过去分词过去分词用在现在完成时、过去完成时和被动语态中，规则变化同过去式，不规则需查不规则动词表动词有规则和不规则动词之分考点梳理考点二助动词助动词没有任何含义，不能单独做谓语，只能和行为动词一起构成谓语，帮助行为动词组成各种时态、语态、语气以及疑问或否定形式。常见的助动词有be,do,does,did,have,will,shall等。具体用法如下：种类用法举例be1.构成各种进行时态Itwasrainingalldayyesterday.2.构成被动语态Themeetingwasheldyesterdayafternoon.3.与不定式连用表示按计划、预先安排或规定要发生的动作TheyaretoseeanEnglishfilmthisevening.他们今天晚上看英语电影。考点梳理种类用法举例do构成疑问式或否定式Doeshethinkso?Ididn’tsayanythingabouttheresult.在动词前加上do,does,did表示强调，意为“的确，确实”Theydostudyhard.他们学习确实很努力ShedoeslovelisteningtoEnglishsongs.havehave的过去式是had;have和had均可与动词过去分词一起构成完成时态Hehaslivedhereforthreeyears.Assoonasthesunhadset,theyreturned.shall,should1.助动词shall只用于第一人称的将来时态；2.助动词should是shall的过去式构成过去将来时.Ishallsendtenletterstomygoodfriends.ShewantedtoknowifIshouldgotothepalace.考点梳理【考点精练】()1.I_______anoldfriendofminewhenI________inthestreetyesterdayafternoon. A.met;waswalking B.wasmeeting;walked C.wasmeeting;waswalking D.met;walked()2.—Didthefarmershaveagoodharvestlastyear? —________________. A.Yes,theyhad. B.No,theyhadn’t C.Yes,theydid D.No,theydid.()3._________youliketowritedownhistelephonenumberforme? A.Are B.Do C.Shall D.WouldACD考点梳理【考点精练】()4.—Whyareyouinsuchahurry,Mike?—There______anNBAbasketballgameintenminutes. A.willhave B.willbe C.isgoingtohave D.aregoingtobe()5.Monica,you________theexam!Congratulation! A.pass B.havepassed C.willpass D.arepassingBBbe动词用法口诀我用am，你用are，is连着他，她，它；单数名词用is，复数名词全用are。

变疑问，往前提，句末问号莫丢弃。变否定，更容易，be后not莫忘记。

疑问否定任你变，句首大写莫迟疑。考点梳理考点三情态动词情态动词本身有一定含义，但不能单独作谓语，要和行为动词一起构成谓语。它们也能表明句子的否定、疑问或时态上的区别。常见的情态动词有：can,may,must,need,should等。具体用法见下表：用法种类举例表能力1.表示“能够”，can用于一般现在时,could用于一般过去时。2.beableto也表示能力，表示做事的能力时可与can通用,但beableto可用于任何时态。1.Rosecanspeaknow,butshecouldn’taweekago.2.Shecould/wasabletoeatfourpiecesofbreadwhenshewasyoung.Theywillbeabletofinishtheworksoon.表请求can(could)在疑问句中与第二人称连用时，表示征求对方意见或提出请求，表示委婉语气。could比can语气更加委婉客气，没有时间上的差别。—Couldyoulendmeyourpen?—Yes,Ican.考点梳理用法种类举例表许可1.may/might,can/could表示许可常可互换，只是might,could语气比较委婉。2.MayI…?的否定回答用No,youcan’t.或者No,youmustn’t.1.—May/CouldIborrowyourbook?—Yes,youmay/can.2.—MayItakethebookoutoftheroom?—No,youcan’t./No,youmustn’t.表必须、必要must和haveto一般情况下可互换，但有以下区别：1.must表示说话人的主观看法；haveto表客观需要。2.否定式mustn’t表示禁止，意为“不准，不可以做”；而don’thaveto意为“不必”。3.MustI…?否定回答用：No,youneedn’t.或者No,youdon’t’haveto.1.Youmust/havetofinishthework.Imusthaveatalkwithhim.Hehastostayherebecauseit’sraining.2.Youmustn’tcopyothers’homework.Youdon’thavetoexplainittomeifyoudislikethejob.3.—MustIhandinmyhomeworknow?—No,youneedn’t./youdon’thaveto.考点梳理用法种类举例表推测1.must表示有把握的推测，只用于肯定句，不能用语否定句或疑问句。2.could,may,might表示把握不大的推测,用于肯定句;3.can用于否定句，表示没有可能用can’t1.ThephotomustbeLu’s.Thosearehisparents2.Ican’tfindmybackpack.Itmight/may/couldbestillatschool.3.Theredbicyclecan’tbeLucy’s.Shehasabluebicycle.need的双重身份need作情态动词时，多用于否定或疑问结构，一般不用于肯定句，表示“必要”。need用作一般实义动词，根据需要作动词变形。Theyneedn’tgotoworkthatday.Theydidn’tneedtoworkthatday.Doyouneedanyhelp?考点梳理【考点精练】()6.－MustIgetupat6o’clock?－No,you________.Youcangetupat7o’clock. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’tD.shouldn’t()7.Acrossfrommyhome,______ashopwhichsellsthingsfromforeigncountries. A.itis B.ithas C.thereis D.thatis ()8.—________Iknowbywhattimeyouwanttheprojecttobedone?—Bythedayaftertomorrow.________youfinishitontime? A.May;Can B.Must;Need C.Could;Must D.Need;WouldBCA考点梳理【考点精练】()9.—Excuseme,mayIkeepthebookalittlelonger?—Sorry.You________returnittoday. A.must B.mustn’t C.can D.can’t()10.—Iforgottobringmydictionary.CouldIuseyours?—Yes,you_________. A.can B.must C.could D.should()11.Themanisfeelingmuchbetternow,soyou_________calladoctor. A.needn’t B.can’t C.mustn’t D.shouldn’tAAA考点梳理【考点精练】()12.—MayItakethismagazineoutofthereadingroom?—No,you_________.Youreaditinhere. A.mightn’t B.won’t C.needn’t D.mustn’t()13.—Let’sgoclimbing,shallwe?—You_________bejoking!Don’tyouknowI’mafraidofhighplaces? A.mayB.canC.mustD.should()14.—Couldyoupleasehaveawalkwithme?—Sorry,I_________.Ihavesomethingimportanttodonow. A.mustn’t B.needn’t C.can’t D.maynotDCC考点梳理考点四连系动词 连系动词有一定意义，它们要与其后作表语的形容词、名词或介词（短语）一起构成合成谓语。常见系动词有：be,seem,keep,remain,look,feel,smell,sound,taste,become,get,grow,turn等。如： Shebecomesmorebeautifulthanthreeyearsago. 她比三年前更漂亮了。考点梳理考点五行为动词 行为动词又称实义动词，它们都含有实在的意义，表示动作或状态，可在句中独立作谓语。行为动词又分为及物动词和不及物动词。1.及物动词及物动词后一定要跟宾语，意思才能完整。如：Mymothertoldmeshewantedtobuysomebooksforme.2.不及物动词不及物动词意义完整，不需带宾语，但如果有些不及物动词非要带宾语时，必须先加介词后加宾语。如：Heonlyworriedabouthisdaughter.考点梳理3.动词短语由两个或两个以上的单词构成一个短语，具有动词的意义和功能，这样的短语叫动词短语，相当于一个动词。常见的有：类型例词类型例词不及物动词+副词runout,getup动词+名词loseweight,takeplace不及物动词+介词lookfor,careabout动词+名词+介词takecareof,makeuseof及物动词+副词sendup,putoff动词+介词+名词keepintouch,learn…byheart动词+副词+介词comeupwith,keepawayfrombe+形容词+介词beproudof,besurprisedat考点梳理【考点精练】()17.—Smartphonesaremoreandmorepopularnow.—Sotheyare.Buttheystill________toomuch. A.pay B.cost C.take D.spend()18.Steven,weshould__________thebusatthenextstop. A.getup B.getoff C.getto D.getinBB考点梳理考点六一般现在时项别表现形式例句具体用法1、表示现在的状态Heistwelve.Sheisatwork.2、表示经常或习惯性的动作HereadsEnglisheverymorning.3、表示主语具备的性格和能力ShespeaksFrenchverywell.4、普遍的真理和自然规律Themoongoesaroundtheearth.5、在时间状语和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来的动作PleasecallmeassoonasyouarriveinParis.Wewillputoffthesportsmeetingifitrainsthisweek.考点梳理项别表现形式例句句型结构肯定句：主语+动词原形+宾语+其它主语+动词的单三形式+宾语+其它WereadEnglisheverymorning.Hedoesmorningexercisesatschool.否定句：主语+don’t+V.+宾语+其它主语+doesn’t+v.+宾语+其它Wedon’treadEnglisheverymorning.Hedoesn’thavebreakfasteveryday.一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+v.+其它？DoyoureadEnglisheverymorning?Doesyourfathergotoworkonfoot?时间标志1.often,usually,always,sometimes2.every+时间类如：everyday/week/month3.onSundays；onceaweek；twiceaday；inthemorning/evening/afternoon.注意：often,usually,always在句子的位置：通常是在be动词之后，行为动词之前。注意的问题一般现在时当中，当句子主语时第三人称单数时，谓语动词用单三形式。be—am/is/are考点梳理【考点精练】()19.Alicelikesdoinghousework.She______herroomeveryafternoon. A.cleans B.cleaned C.willclean D.hascleaned()20.Whichteacher_____lessons______toyoueveryday?

A.does；gives B.does；give C.do；give D.gives；/

()21.We’llgotoplaywithsnowifit______tomorrow.

A.snowB.snowsC.willsnowD.snowed

()22.Nobody_____howtorunthismachines.

A.know B.haveknown C.knows D.isknowingADBC考点梳理考点七现在进行时项别表现形式例句具体用法表示现在（说话瞬间）正在进行或发生的动作Iamlisteningtomyteacher.句型结构1.肯定句主语+be(am/is/are)+doing+其它WearewatchingTVnow.2.否定句主语+benot+doing+其它Sheisn’tlookingatyou.3.一般疑问句：Be+主语+doing+其它？回答：Yes,主语+be；No,主语+benot.Aretheydoingtheirhomeworknow?Yes,theyare./No,theyaren’t.时间标志1.now;2.Look,listen等提示语；3.thesedays；4.atpresent；5.atthemoment6.thesedays；7.fromthreetofive；8.上下文提示等考点梳理【考点精练】()23.Someone___________atthedoor.Canyouopenit? A.knocks B.knocked C.isknocking D.wasknocking()24.—Hello,Betty!Whatareyoudoingnow?—I________ontheGreatWallofChina.I’llsendthemtoyoulater. A.willtakepictures B.amtakingpictures C.wastakingpictures D.takepictures()25.—Whereisyourfather?—He_______theWorldCupinthelivingroom. A.iswatching B.watches C.watched D.willwatch()26.Look!Thepolice_______thefoodontothebankoftheriver. A.amcarrying B.iscarrying C.arecarrying D.arecarriedCBAC考点梳理考点八一般将来时项别表现形式例句具体用法表示在将来某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态Ibelievemydreamwillcometrueoneday.句型结构1.肯定句主语+will+v.+其它主语+begoingto+v.+其它Shewillbe42yearsoldnextyear.SheisgoingtoflyakitethisSunday.2.否定句主语+won’t+v.+其它主语+be(not)goingto+v.+其它Thetrainwon’tarriveontime.I’mnotgoingtoplaysoccerafterschool.1.一般疑问句Will+主语+v.+其它?Be+主语+goingto+v.+其它?Willyoutakepartinthesportsmeeting?ThereisgoingtobeanEnglishspeechcontest.时间标志1.tomorrow/thedayaftertomorrow2.next+时间3.this+星期4.in/on+将来时间如：in2016，onMay1st201,8.5.soon,rightaway等注意的问题有些短暂性动词可以用进行时表示将来，如：come,go,leave,arrive,start等。

SheisleavingforShanghaitomorrow.她明天要去上海。考点梳理【考点精练】()27.I’mbusynow.I________toyouafterschoolthisafternoon. A.talk B.talked C.willtalk D.havetalked()28.Mr.WanghasleftforGuangzhou.He______aspeechthereintwodays. A.gives B.gave C.willgive D.hasgiven()29.Lookatthoseclouds.It_________soon,I’mafraid.

A.isgoingtorain B.israining C.willrain D.won’train

()30.Becareful.Thetrain____________.

A.willcome B.came C.comes D.iscomingCDCA考点梳理考点九--一般过去式项别表现形式例句具体用法表示在过去某一时间发生的动作或存在的状态。Hegotuplateandmissedtheearlybusthismorning.Thelittleboywasbornin2007.句型结构肯定句主语+was/were+其它主语+动词的过去式+宾语+其它Theywereintheclassroomjustnow.Weplayedsoccerlastnight.否定句主语+wasn’t/weren’t+其它主语+didn’t+v.+宾语+其它Theyweren’tintheclassroomjustnow.Wedidn’tplaysoccerlastnight.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+其它？Did+主语+v.+宾语+其它？Weretheyintheclassroomjustnow?Didyouplaysoccerlastnight?时间标志1.yesterday类;2.last+时间类;3.时间段+ago类；4.in/on+过去时间如：in2008；onMay1st2012等注意的问题be动词的过去为was/were考点梳理【考点精练】()31.I______tenniswithmycousineverydaywhenIwasinAmerica.A.playB.playedC.hadplayedD.hasplayed()32.Theteacherisalreadystandinghere.Doyouknowwhenshe________?A.comes B.came C.iscomingD.wascoming()33.—Isupposeyouareatleast60yearsold.—Thankyou.I’mgladyou_______that.Myrealageis62.A.sayB.saidC.aresayingD.weresaying()34.—Areyougoinganywhere?—I_______aboutvisitingmysister,butIhavechangedmymind.A.think B.havethoughtC.willthinkD.thoughtBDBB考点梳理考点十过去进行时项别表现形式例句具体用法过去进行时表示在过去某一时间正在进行或发生的动作。MymotherwascookingwhenIcamebackhomelastFriday.句型结构肯定句主语+was/were+doing+其它IwaswatchingTVwhenyoucalledme.否定句主语+was/werenot+doing+其它Iwasn’tdoinghouseworkat7yesterday.一般疑问句Was/Were+主语+doing+其它Wasitsnowingatthistimeyesterday?Yes,itwas./No,itwasn’t.时间标志atthattime,then,atthistime+过去类的时间如：atthistimelastyearat+点钟+过去类的时间如：atfiveyesterday,when/while引导的表示过去时间的从句注意的问题when和while用法上的区别（详见连词考点三的第3点）考点梳理【考点精练】()35.IsawKeninthemeetingroom,he_______Joefortheschoolmagazine. A.interviews B.interviewed C.hasinterviewed D.wasinterviewing()36.—Whatwereyoudoingwhenwewereplayingbasketballyesterdayafternoon?—I________theclassroom. A.wascleaning B.havecleaned C.willclean D.cleanDA考点梳理【考点精练】()37.Whenthey________throughtheforest,abear________atthem. A.walked；wascoming B.werewalking；came C.werewalking；comes D.walk；iscoming()38.Whilemother_______somewashing,I_________akiteforKate. A.did；made B.wasdoing；made C.wasdoing；wasmaking D.did；wasmakingBC考点梳理考点十一现在完成时项别表现形式例句具体用法1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果Ihavehadlunchalready.2.表示过去已经开始的某一动作或状态一直持续到现在，可能还会持续下去Thefilmhasbeenonfortenminutes.句型结构肯定句：主语＋have/has+P.P.

Ihavealreadyhadlunch.否定句：主语＋haven’t/hasn’t+P.P.

Ihaven’thadlunchyet.疑问句：Have/Has+主语+P.P.

Haveyouhadlunchyet?时间标志1.already(否定yet) 2.ever(否定never) 3.just4.before5.for+段时间 6.since+时间点7.since+时间段+ago8.sofar注意的问题1.havebeento,havegoneto,havebeenin的用法详见第一模块常用词汇用法辨析第36组；2.already,yet,still用法详见见第一模块常用词汇用法辨析第2组。考点梳理【考点精练】()39.Howtimeflies!Threeyears_______sinceI________youlasttime. A.havepassed;met B.haspassed;met C.passed;havemetD.passed；met()40.—Haveyoufinishedusingmydictionary?—Yes,Iputitbackonyourdeskjustnow.Who________itaway? A.willtake B.istaking C.took D.hastaken()41.He________inthisfactoryfor20yearsalready.

A.willwork B.works C.hasworked D.isworking()42.—Jimisn’tintheclassroom.Whereishenow?—He_______thelibrary. A.willgoto B.hasbeento C.hasgoneto D.goestoBDCC考点梳理【特别关注】延续性动词与非延续性动词 动词按其动作发生的方式、发生过程的长短可分为延续性动词与非延续性动词。 1.延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：learn,work,stand,sleep,live,stay等。延续性动词可以与表示时间段的状语连用。如：Youcankeepthebookfor5days.这本书你能借5天。Istayedtherefor2weekslastyear.去年我在那里住了两个星期。 2.非延续性动词也称终止性动词、瞬间动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。不能与时间段连用。考点梳理如:open,die,close,begi