高职英语情景交际专题

..高职英语情景交际专题1、语言必须放在实际的并尽可能不同的情景中运用。2、语言必须适合具体的交际行为。3、考核的焦点在于是否达到交际的目的。4、语言交际行为除了需要语言能力外,还需要文化等其他的能力。高考对英语的交际性和实用性的考查,不仅体现在对交际用语文化的考查,还体现在运用交际功能考查其他基础语法点上。〔一高考对英语交际用语考查的内容与趋势:一、直接考查考生掌握英语交际固定的表达方式和习惯说法的情况。1.---Hello!MayIspeaktoZhaoHua?—Yes,____.A.MynameisZhaoHuaB.I'mZhaoHuaC.ThisisZhaoHuaspeakingD.ZhaoHuaisme2.—Doyoumindmytakingthisseat？—____.A.Yes,sitdownpleaseB.No,ofcoursenotC.Yes,takeitpleaseD.No,youcan'ttakeit3.—Haveaniceweekend！—____.A.ThesametoyouB.YoudotooC.ThesameasyouD.Youhaveittoo二、考查考生掌握英美人的风俗习惯,特别是中西文化差异的情况。4.—Youhavedonetheworkverywell．—____.A.GreatB.ThanksC.Oh,noD.Notatall5.---Thankyouverymuchforyourhelp.----______.A.Nothanks.B.Don’tthankmeC.Youaretookind.D.You’rewelcome.三、考查考生根据所提供的情景和实际情况,应用语言知识进行合情合理应答的能力。6.—Heisnotafriendofyours,ishe？—____.Ihaveneverseenhimbefore.A.No,heisn'tB.No,heisC.Yes,heisD.Yes,heisn't7.—Sorry,Iforgottoposttheletterforyou.—Nevermind,____itmyselftonight.A.I'mgoingtopostB.I'dbetterpostC.I'llpostD.I'dratherpost四、考查考生准确理解短语用法和句子含义的能力。〔这是近年来考查交际用语的新趋势。8.—HowdoyoulikeyourEnglishteacher？—____.A.Yes,IlikehimverymuchB.No,Idon'tlikehimC.IlikehimD.Heisverykind9.—____？---Sheisslimpretty.A.What'sthegirllikeB.HowdoyoulikethegirlC.WhatdoesthegirllikeD.Howdoyoulikeaboutthegirl10.---Howoftendoyoueatout?---________,butusuallyonceaweek.A.HavenoideaB.ItdependsC.AsusualD.Generallyspeaking11.---Will$200_____?---I'mafraidnot.Weneedatleast50moredollars.A.countB.satisfyC.fitD.do五、考查语法与句型等。<以下是考查的常见的语法句型><A>特殊疑问句----特殊疑问句的答语通常针对特殊疑问词作出具体的回答。<不要答非所问.>12.---Whydon'tyoutraveltoNewYorkonvacation?---________.A.Idon'twanttogoB.Excuseme,becauseIcan'tC.IwanttobutIhaven'tgotenoughmoneyD.BecauseI'mgoingtoschooltoday13.----Whatsubjectsareyoustudying?---________.A.Yes,I'mstudyhistory.B.I'mstudyingnowC.I'mstudyingphilosophy.D.I'mdoingmyhomework14.---Whichlanguagedoyouspeakathome?---________.A.IspeakEnglishverywellB.IcanspeakEnglishandFrenchC.EnglishismymothertongueD.English,mostofthetime15.----WhendoesthenextbusleaveforGlasgow?---________.A.I'veneverbeenthereB.ThenextoneisfasterC.TheyleaveeveryhourD.Thecityisfaraway16.----Excuseme,howfaristheairportfromhere?---________.A.YoucantakeataxiB.It'saboutthirtymilesC.I'llflytoSidney.D.It'sonlysixhundreddollars17.---Canyoutellmehowmucharadiolikethiscosts?---________.A.I'dliketobuyit.B.It'sofverygoodqualityC.Abouteighty-fivedollarsD.Itdependsonhowyoulikeit18.---Doyoumindtellingmewhereyouarefrom?---________.A.Certainly,I'mfromLondon.B.Sure,IwasborninLondonC.Notreally,youcandoitD.Certainlynot.I'mfromLondon19.---Howoftendoyouhavelisteningclassesinaweek?---________.A.ListeningclassesaredifficultB.LastweekandtheweekbeforeC.Theyhavenolisteningclasses.D.EveryMondayandFriday20.---Thatmanaloneoverthere.Whoishe?---_________.A.HeisastudentB.HeisDoctorTookC.Adriver,IsupposeD.He'sdrunk<B>反意疑问句:陈述句/祈使句+简短的一般疑问句<前肯定,后否定;或:前否定后肯定>。反意问句的答语应根据实际情况<上下文提供的情景>确定:内容是肯定的,就用"Yes,+肯定"结构回答;内容是否定的,则用"No,+否定"结构回答.当前面句子为否定时,尤要特别小心,不要搞错。如:---Itdidn'trainyesterday,didit?----昨天没有下雨,对吗?---Yes,itdid.---不,下雨了.----No,itdidn't.---对,没有下21.---Youarenotthemanagerhere,areyou?---________.A.Yes,I'mnot.B.No,IamC.Yes,IamD.No,notatall22.---Suelooksgoodinthatnewdress,doesn'tshe?---________.A.Yes,sheisB.No,sheisn'tC.Yes,shedoesD.No,shedidn't23.---Joewillcometotheparty,won'the?---________.A.Oh,yes.Iforget.B.It'sat8o'clockC.Yes,he'sbringinghiscousin,SandyD.Yes,it'saniceparty<C>选择疑问句:选择疑问句是问话者提供两个或两个以上答案供对方选择回答的问句,答语应作出一个明确的选择<也可全部肯定或否定>。不能使用Yes/No回答。24.---Whatwouldyoulike,teaorcoffee?---________.A.Yes,IwouldB.Coffee,please.C.Yes,pleaseD.It'sverynice25.---DidyoutraveltoXi'anbytrainorbyplane?---________.A.Itispossibletravelbyplane.B.ItraveleitherbytrainorbyplanesC.Itraveledbytrain.D.Iflewthere<D>一般疑问句:一般疑问句通常用yes和no来回答,时态人称要一致.注意口语化的回答。26.---HaveyouevenbeentoTokyo?---________.A.No,Ididn'tgotherelastyearB.No,butIhopetogotherenextyearC.Tokyoisabusycity.D.Yes,Iwilldoitnexttime27.---Arethereanydrug-storesaroundhere?---________.A.Yes,thereisoneontheleftcornerB.Yes,itisC.No,itisn'tD.Oh,youmusthaveacold.28.---Doyouthinktheexamwillbeputoff?---________.A.Notgoodnews.B.TheexamisdifficultC.NotlikelyD.Itwasputoffyesterday<E>省略倒装句:省略倒装句的对话首句是肯定句时,用"So+助动词+主语"或"Metoo.";首句是否定句时用"Neither+助动词+主语"或"Meneither".Soitiswithsb.<某人的情况也是如此>29.---IthinktheInternetisveryuseful.---________.A.SodoIB.That'saverygoodideaC.NeitherdoID.Idorathergosurfingonit30.---Idon'tlikethesportsprogramsonSundays.---________.A.SodoIB.NeitherdoIC.SoamID.NeitheramI31.---IhavebeentotheGreatWall.---________.A.NeitherhaveIB.SodoIC.NeitherdoID.SohaveI32.---Ihaven'tseenBellyfortenyears.---________.A.NeitherhaveIB.NeitherdidIC.MetooD.Meneither<F>情态动词MUST:情态动词must的否定回答,表示不必时用"No,…needn't/don’thaveto";肯定回答,用"Yes,…must."33.---Mustwehandinourhomeworknow?---________.A.Yes,youwillB.Yes,youmustn'tC.No,youneedn'tD.No,youmustn't34.---MustIdothewashing-uptonight?----________.A.No,youmustn'tifyoudon'twant.B.LeaveitifyouareexhaustedC.Washing-upisreallyexhaustingD.Washing-upreallytakesuptime<G>祈使句的答语:常见的有:Iwill.Thanks.Iwon’t.Certainly.Ofcourse.35.---Dobecarefulnexttime.---_________.A.IdoB.IcanC.IwillD.Iam.1----5CBABD6----10ACDAB11---15DCCDC16----20BCDDB21—25CCCBC26----30BACAB31—35DDCBC英语复习之交际用语〔二高考英语交际用语考点:交际最基本的要求是：委婉、有礼、得体、连贯、符合文化习惯。<选择答案的依据所在>高考对日常用语的考查涉及《高中英语课程标准》所列举的全部41项内容,部分语法知识以及一些常识性的文化知识。可以说,内容非常广泛。下文将列举的是考试常见的交际用语考点。中西文化对比在日常交谈中,英国人彼此见面常常喜欢以"Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi."打招呼；并且喜欢以谈论天气<Niceday,isn’tit?>作为交谈的开始；美国人见面常常问身体等；而中国人却常问"吃过饭了吗?"基本用语a.见面问候：Goodmorning/afternoon/evening.Hello/Hi.b.代向某人问候：Bestwishes/regardsto...=giveone'sregardstosb=giveone'sbestwishestosb=giveone'sbestlovetosb=giveone'sbestregardstosb.c.替某人向……问好:say"Hi"/"Hello"tosbfromsb=giveone'sregardstosb.Pleaseremembermeto....回答用语:----Iwill.Thanks.d.Howdoyoudo?<初次见面通常用语>---Howdoyoudo?Howareyou?<比较熟悉的人之间用语>---Fine,thankyou,andyou?/Verywell,thankyou.Howareyougettingalongwith...?<你近来...可好?>--Everyisfine!Howareyoudoing?<您工作还顺利吧?>---I'mjustgreat!Howiseverything?<一切还好吧?>---Very<quite>well,thankyou!Howisyourvacation/holiday<s>/ChristmasDay/weekend?<假期怎么样?>---Notbad!What'sup?<近来可忙?>---Couldn'tbebetter,thankyou!What'sgoingon?<近来可好?>---Justsoso.〔一般;还可以注意要点1."Hello"既可用于问候,有时也用于引起对方注意,打或叫人,多在熟人之间使用,而"Hi"的用法比"Hello"更随便,口语中多见。2.Hello！和Hi！是互相熟悉的人之间的招呼语,比较随便,一天中任何时候都可以用。有时,后面还可加上对方的名字,以示亲热。Goodevening!一般用于晚上<通常是九点以前>.需要注意的是,不可用Goodday来打招呼。Goodmorning！省略good时,也可用来打招呼,但一般用于比较熟悉的人之间。3."Howareyou?"则用于询问对方身体情况答语可根据实际情况,如："Fine/Verywell,thankyou."注意:<very>good不能用来表示身体健康.假如身体确实不太舒服并想让对方知道,不妨说Nottoowell,I'mafraid.4.对于不认识的人,想要他/她停下的说法：Hey,Sir/Madam!Justamoment,Sir/Madam.5.与英美人见面寒暄时,不应问及他<她>的年龄、婚否、收入等个人隐私情况。★介绍基本用语a.ThisisMr/Mrs/Miss/Ms/Comrade....MayIintroduceyouto...?I’dlikeyoutomeet....b.Howdoyoudo?Nice/Glad/Pleasedtosee/meetyou.Nicemeetingyou…c.Mynameis....I’ma<student/teacher,etc.>.MayIknowyourname?Margaret,canyouintroducemetoher?Letmeintroduceyoutoothers.MeetmysisterCathy.Bill,thisisTom.Hi,I'mSusan,thisismycallingcard.注意要点"Nicetomeetyou."与"Nicetoseeyou."有一点区别。前者的意思是初次见面〔认识你很高兴被人介绍相识后的寒暄用语。后者与前者在意思上相同,但是用于熟人之间〔一段时间未见面后再次相遇两者回答用语与问候语相同。Nicetomeetyou.主要表示初次见面时的问候,而Nicemeetingyou.则是初次见面分手时的用语。告别中西文化对比有聚总有散！客人要走,中国人常常会极力留客;留不住,也会送客很远很远;嘴里说:"慢走!"客人要走,英美人决不留客,通常一句"Good-bye!"了事,出门一概不理!对于客人的到访,时常还要表示感谢:Thankyouforcoming.基本用语1.直接的告别话语有：Goodbye!<Byebye!Bye!>Seeyou<tomorrow>!Seeyoulater!Solong!Farewell!Goodnight.2.委婉的告别辞有：I'dliketosaygoodbyetoeveryone.I'mcallingtosaygoodbye.I’mafraidImustbeleaving/offnow.Ithinkit’stimeforustoleavenow.3.其他带有祝愿以及叮嘱等的告别辞有：I'lllookforwardtoseeingyousoon.Let'shopewe’llmeetagain.Hopetoseeyouagain.Dropinanytimeyoulike.注意要点a.Goodnight./Night!只限于晚上告别或上床睡觉时使用。b.Haveaniceday！限于白天告别时用<如早餐后家人互相道别>。c.告别前通常要说一两句客套话,如：I'mafraidImustbeoff<going>now.长久告别时,还可同时表达希望今后多联系<Keep/Getintouch>,要对方保重身体<Takecare>,问候对方家人<Pleasesendmybestwishes/regardstoyourfamily.>等。1.---Hello,Sally.How'severything?---__________.A.GoodforyouB.Oh,IagreeC.That'srightD.Justsoso2.---Howarethingswithyou,Bill?---__________.A.Hello,sureB.IamterriblybusythesedaysC.MindyouownbusinessD.Seeyoulater3.---Goodnightandthanksagain.---__________.A.Youcan'tsaythatB.Oh,no.It'swhatIcandoC.Howcanyouseethat.D.Goodnight.4.---Well,it'sgettinglate.Imustbegoing.Thankyouagainforinvitingmetotheparty?---___.A.Oh,it'ssolateB.ThankyouforcomingC.Oh,sosoonD.Ireallyhadahappytime.5.---Mrs.Johnson,I'vecometosaygood-bye.---__________.A.SeeyounexttimeB.Haveapleasantjourney.IwillmissyouC.That'sOKD.Thankyouforsayingthat.6.----It’sgettinglate.I'mafraidImustbegoingnow.----OK.______.A.TakeiteasyB.GoslowlyC.StaylongerD.Seeyou7.---Letmeintroducemyself.I’mAlbert.----______________.A.WhatapleasureB.It’smypleasureC.PleasedtomeetyouD.I’mverypleased8.Jane:Tom,letmeintroduceyoutoLucy.Tom:______.Lucy:Hi,I’mLucyLee.A.What’syourname?B.Hello.C.Nicetoseeyou.D.Sorry,notrightnow.二、邀请〔约会中西文化对比西方人在发出"邀请"前常有一个引子,尤其在客气的场合,如可先这样问一下对方是否有空：Areyoufreethisevening?而Wouldyouliketo...和I'dliketoinviteyouto...的句式较为客气,带有商量、询问的口气,多用于不知对方能否接受邀请的场合。a.接受他人邀请时通常还要表示一下感谢。常用:Yes,I’dloveto.Yes,it’sverykind/niceofyou;Yes,withpleasure.b.如果是稍有保留地接受,可这样说：IwillifIcan.It'sverykindofyoutoinviteme,butI'mnotsureifIcancome.c.拒绝他人的邀请一般不直接说No,而要婉言谢绝〔通常会说明理由,并要声明自己是愿意接受"邀请"的,但因某种原因不能接受,并表示歉意或感谢。常用：I’dliketo,butI’mtoobusy./I’msorryIcan’t,but…Ireallyenjoyit,butI’vegottogonow.IwishIcouldacceptyourinvitation,butI’mafraidIdon’thavetimetogo.Thankyouforyourkindness,butI’vegotanappointmentatthattime.基本用语a.Will/Would/Can/Couldyoucometo...?Wouldyouliketo…I'dliketoinviteyouto...&b.Yes,I'dlove/beglad/happyto<...>.Yes,I'dliketo./I'llbegladto.Ofcourse.I'llbegladto.Ohyes,thankyou.Yes,it'sverykind/niceofyou.OK.Thankyouverymuch.Yes,great.Sure,whynot?Sure.That'sagoodidea.Yes,withpleasure.c.I'dloveto,but....I'msorry,butIcan't.★约会:基本用语a.Areyou/Willyoubefreethisafternoon/tomorrow?Howabouttomorrowmorning/afternoon/evening?Shallwemeetat4:30at...?b.Yes,that’sallright.Yes,I’llbefreethen.c.No,Iwon’tbefreethen.ButI’llbefree....d.Allright.Seeyouthen.交际例句1.--AreyoufreenextWednesdayevening?Iwanttogotothecinemawithyou?--Yes,I'dliketo.2.--Whenshallwemeet,todayortomorrow?--Idon'tmind.EithertimeisOK.3.--Areyoufreelatertoday?--Sorry,I'mfreeeverydayexcepttoday.4.--Areyoufreethisafternoon?--Ohno.Willthiseveningbeallright?5.--Wouldyouliketojoinus?<喜欢和我们一起吗?>Shallwedance?<我们可以跳个舞吗?>1.---Wouldyouliketohaveadinnerwithusthisevening?---________.A.OK,butIhavetogotoameetingnowB.No,Ican'tC.Sorry,Iwillgotoairportthisevening.D.Idon'tknow2.---Wearegoingtohaveadancingpartytonight.Wouldyouliketojoinus?---________.A.Yes,it'sverykindofyouB.Ofcoursenot.IhavenoideaC.No,Ican'tD.That'sallright.3.---Canyoucomeoverfordinnerwithus?---________.A.I'dloveto,butIhaveameetingtonightB.Itdoesn'tmatterC.No,Idon'tlikeD.Oh,thatsoundswell4.---Ihavegottwoticketsforthematch.Shallwegoandwatchittogether?---________.A.Theticketsmustbeexpensive.B.ThematchmustbeexcitingC.Whynot?Let'sgoD.Theplaceistoofaraway5.---IhaveanappointmentwithDr.Johnson.---________.A.TheappointmentisputoffB.YoulooksickandweakC.Pleasewaitforaminute.Heisbusynow.D.TellmeyourIDnumber6.----Let’sgotoamovieafterwork,OK?----______.A.Notatall. B.Whynot? C.Nevermind. D.Whatofit?三、感谢和应答:中西文化对比1.在英语文化中人们常常通过赞扬来鼓励某些合乎自己心意的行为,像Youdidagoodjob!Welldone,everyone.Youlooknice.That'sabeautifulshirtyou'rewearing.Youareveryclever.而对他人的赞美,最普通、常用的答语是"Thankyou."而在中国的文化中,人们面对夸奖,常说"您过奖了"、"哪里,哪里。"〔"Where,where?"以表示谦逊。2.英国人收到礼物时,通常都会当着送礼人的面打开礼物,同时会说一些喜欢或赞美的话以表示谢意,送礼人此时常常附和说:"I'mgladyoulikeit."而中国人往往说一些谦让的话"您太客气了。""您这样做太破费了。"等。若用此表达方式对待英国人,对方肯定会觉得你不喜欢或对他的礼物不屑一顾。3.在西方,别人给你做事、帮忙,别人向你问候或祝贺,别人给你鼓励或赞扬时,不能直接说No,而应该说Thankyou。4.当别人问你要不要喝茶或吃点什么东西时,你若要喝或吃应说Yes,please,若你不想吃或喝应说No,thankyou．或No,thanks．5.没得到或不需要对方的帮助可以说:Thankyouall/justthesame.Thankyouanyway。基本用语a.Thankyou<verymuch>./Thanks<alot>./Manythanks./Thanksfor....It'sverykindofyouto….b.Notatall./That'sallright./You'rewelcome./That'sOK．/It'sapleasure/<It's>Mypleasure。Don'tmentionit.I'mgladyoulikeit.It'sreallynothingatall.★祝愿、祝贺和应答:中西文化对比A.对于他人的祝愿、祝贺,英美人表示感谢<Thanks>。B.和大家同庆同欢乐,回答用:Thesametoyou/You,too.C.I’mgladtohearthat.用于向对方主动告知的喜事表示祝贺或"附和".D.西方人喜欢收到礼物时当场打开并大加赞赏说：Wonderful！/Beautiful！/Whatanicepresent!/Howniceagift！并表示感谢!E.允许去玩乐说:Haveanice/good/pleasant/wonderfultime./Havefun!玩得开心点!尽情去玩吧!F.为人送行用:Haveagoodtrip./Haveapleasantjourney./Goodluckwithyourtrip!Goodtriptoyou!Nicejourneytoyou!祝旅途愉快！祝一路顺风！基本用语1.Bestwishestoyou!Iwishyougoodhealth.Goodluckandsuccesstoyou!Wishyousuccess!Mayyousuccess/succeed!2.MerryChristmas!Happybirthdaytoyou!/HappyNewYear!3.Congratulations<on…>!Welldone!Goodluckwith…/Goodlucktoyou!4.Enjoyyourvacation!EnjoyyourstayinChina.1.---ShallIgiveyouarideasyoulivesofaraway?---Thankyou._________.A.Itcouldn’tbebetterB.OfcourseyoucanC.IfyoulikeD.It’suptoyou2.----CanIhelpyouwithyourhomework?----No,Icanmanageitmyself._____.A.Thankyouanyway.B.ManythanksC.I’msorry.D.Youareverykind.3.---Ihadareallygoodweekendatmyuncle's.---___.A.Oh,thatveryniceofyouB.CongratulationsC.It’sapleasureD.Oh,I’mgladtohearthat4.---Thesearecertainlybeautifulflowers.Thankyousomuch.---__________.A.No,no.It'snothingB.YouarewelcomeC.Yes,IagreeD.Yes,Ithinksotoo.5.---Iwasworriedaboutchemistry,butMr.BrowngavemeanA!---__________.A.Don'tworryaboutitB.Congratulations!That'sadifficultcourseC.Mr.BrownisverygoodD.Goodlucktoyou6.---Congratulations!Youwonthefirstprizeintoday'sspeechcontest.---__________.A.Yes,IbeattheothersB.No,no.Ididn'tdoitwellC.ThankyouD.It'sapleasure7.---Welldone.Congratulationsonyoursuccess.---__________.A.ThankyouverymuchB.Oh,no,noC.No,Ididn'tdoverywellD.Sorry,Icouldn'tbeanybetter8.---Youhavelovelychildren.---__________.A.No,no,theyarenot.B.Oh,no,noC.YouaretalkingtoomuchD.Thanks9.---Thankyoueversomuchforthebookyousentme.---___.A.No,thanksB.I’mgladyoulikeitC.Please,don’tsaysoD.No,it’snotsogood10.--Don'tforgettophonemewhenyougethome.Justtoletmeknowyou'vearrivedsafely.--Iwon'tforget.Good-byethen.--____A.WithpleasureB.HaveanicetripC.Don'tmentionitD.It'sverykindofyou11.---I’llgotoMike’sbirthdayparty,Dad.---________.A.HavefunB.GoodideaC.Itdoesn’tmatterD.Beaman.12.-----Hi,haven’tseenyourforages!Youlookfine!-----_______.Youlookwell,too.A.GreatB.ThanksC.Oh,noD.Notatall.13.---It’sbeenawonderfulevening.Thankyouverymuch.---_____.A.MypleasureB.I’mgladtohearthatC.No,thanksD.It’sOK14.----Mike,ourteamwillplayagainstthatofClassOnethisweekend.I'msurewewillwin.----______!A.CongratulationsB.CheersC.BestwishesD.Goodluck15.Sara：Goodevening,Mick.I'msogladyoucouldcome.Mick：_______,Sara.Sara：Pleasecomeinandtakeaseat.Mick：______.Happybirthdaytoyou,Sara.Thisisforyou.Sara：Agiftforme?Mick：Sure.Congratulationsonthishappyday.Sara：_______.<Openthegift>Oh,it'slovelyandverybeautiful.Mick：________.16.LiGang：Hello,Sam.HappyChristmasandNewYear!Sam：____________.LiGang：Wishyoueverysuccessinthecomingyear.Sam：____________.LiGang：MayNewYearbringyourfamilyhappinessandgoodhealth.Sam：________yourbestwishes.LiGang：Whatawonderfulsnow!Sam：Yes.Infact,thisisthefirstwhiteChristmasinmylife.四、道歉、遗憾和应答<责备和抱怨;提醒>中西文化对比中国人喜欢反复强调自己的谦意,并喜欢用"非常抱歉"、"深表歉意"等表示程度倾向的语句,而英美人士则不同,对于因客观原因而造成的过失或差错,不必主动工过分向对方表示歉意。如一定要向对方道歉,说声sorry即可,一般不用very,terribly,truly等表示程度的词。因为在美国,过分的道歉或自责反而显得不太诚恳,令人感到虚假或另有用心。对于不能去做或已经发生的不幸的事情,西方人表示遗憾说:Whatapity/shame!表示同情说:I'msorrytohearthat.Badluck!基本用语1.<I'm>Sorry./I'msorryfor/about…/I'msorrytodosth./I'msorrytohavedonesth…2.Excuse/Pardonme<for…>3.Pleaseforgivemefor...<请原谅…>4.sb.beafraidthat…5.Whatapity/shame!/It'sapitythat…A.Itisnotimportant.That'sOK.That'sallright.It'squiteallright.Nevermind.Itdoesn'tmatter<atall>.Notatall.It'snothing./That'snothing.<没关系>Pleasedon'tworry.It'snothingtoworryabout.Nottoworry.Don'tmentionit.Itdoesn'treallymatter.Pleasethinknothingofit.Let'sforgetit./Noharmdone.B.That'snotyourfault.It'snotyourfault.Itwasmetoblame.<这是我的错>Itwasallmyfaulttohavedone...<这都是我的错…>That'sokay.Don'tletitbotheryou.<没事,别想的太多了>Wereallydidn'tmeanthatatall.<我们真的没有那样的意思>注意要点Excuseme通常用于下列情形：需要打断别人谈话或工作时；有求于他人时；因故需要暂时离开时；就某事表示不同意见时；自己的言行将会影响他人时。〔即：说或做可能令人不悦的事情之前使用以引起别人注意。注意:打扰别人,意为"劳驾"；请求别人让路；向别人问路,打听消息,意为"对不起,请问…"。回答时说:"Yes?"；Sorry用于说话人做了错事或无意中与别人发生冲撞时于事后向他人表示歉意；也可表示因不能满足他人要求或请求而表示歉意。"Ibegyourpardon."用来表示听话人未能听清楚他人所说的话,而希望说话人重复所说的话时的礼貌用法,"没听清话语,而要麻烦再说一遍."。I’msorrytohearit/that.则是对说话者本人或近亲属已经发生的不幸,进行安慰。★责备和抱怨中西文化差异西方人说话比较直率。对于别人的打扰,自己受到的不公平待遇会以"提醒"、"明确表示"等方式说出来,但是不会不留面子。一般对责备与抱怨,人们通常的反应是表示抱歉<I’msorry>与愿意接受。基本用语A.英语中责备与抱怨的话通常有：Whatonearthisthematterhere?<到底发生了什么事?>I'mafraidIhaveacomplainttomakeabouttheservice.<我对你们的服务有意见。>Yououghttobeashamedofwhatyou'vedoneonme.<你应为你对我所做的事感到羞愧。>Whyonearthdidyousaysuchasillythingtome?<你对我说这种蠢话究竟是什么意思?>Yououghttobecarefulenoughnexttime.<你下次再不能这样粗心了。>It'snoniceofyoutobehavelikethat.<你那样做太不像话。>Iamashamedofyou.我为你感到羞耻。Youcan'tdothattome.你不能这样对我。Whycan’tyoudosomethingaboutit?Howdareyoudothat?你怎幺敢这样做？Can'tyousee?你难道没看见吗？Whatdoyoumeanbydoingso?你那样做是什幺意思？Whatonearthisthematter?究竟发生了什幺事情？Whydidn'tyoutellmethetruthearlier?Didn'tItellyoutobehereontime?难道我没叫你准时到这里吗？B.I’msorrytohavesaidthat,but....It'smyfault,Iamtoblame.这是我的过错,我该罚。It'snoneofyourbusiness.你不要多管闲事。★提醒：基本用语Don’tforgetto....Don’tyourememberthedayswhen...?MakesurethateverythingisOKnow.Imustremindyouof…Becareful!1.----Ohdear!I’vejustbrokenawindow.----.Itcan’tbehelped.A.NevermindB.Allright C.That’sfine D.Notatall2.----James,IamsorryIusedyourcomputerwhenyouwereawaythismorning.----.A.That’sallrightB.It’sapleasure C.Youarewelcome D.Don’tmentionit3.—Excusemeforinterruptingyou.—________.A.Takeiteasy B.Don'texcuseme C.That'sright D.That'sallright.4.—I'msorrytohavegotyouintotrouble.—__________.A.Don'tsayso B.Noworry C.Itdoesn'tmatter D.Nothing5.---Youhaven'tpaidforityet.----_______.A.Oh,I'mreallyverysorry.B.Notroubleatall.C.That’snothingD.Nevermind.6.---Myfatherisillinhospital.Ihavetogoandtakecareofhim.---________.A.Whatapity!B.Don’tmentionitC.It’sOK.D.I’msorrytohearthat.7.---Oh,sorrytobotheryou.----_______.A.That'sokayB.No,youcan'tC.That'sgoodD.Oh,Idon'tknow8.---Excuseme.Idon'twanttointerruptyoubut…----_______.A.CanIhelpyouB.Certainly,howdareyouC.It'squiteallrightD.Yes,youdid9.---Oh,I'msorry.ButIpromiseI'llbecarefulnexttime.----_______.A.It'snothingatallB.Oh,nevermind.Itdoesn'tmatterC.Thankyou.D.Therearenoquestions10.---Mygrandmother'stakenillandI'vegottogodowntothehospital.----_______.A.Wearegoingtothesameplace.B.Verysorrytohearit.Ihopeit'snothingseriousC.ReallyD.Letmegowithyou11.---Edsaidthathisboyfellofftree.----_______.A.Ohdear!Ihopehewasn'thurt.B.Oh,no.AluckboyC.HemighthavebrokenhisarmD.Nothingserious12.--Iwassosurethatourexperimentwasgoingtosucceed,butsomethingwentwrongatthelastmoment.--____,butdon'tgiveitup.A.Youdon'tmeanthatB.FindoutthereasonC.NevermindD.I'msorrytohearthat13.---I’msorryIbrokeyourmirror.---Oh,really?________.A.It’sOKwithmeB.Itdoesn’tmatterC.Don’tbesorryD.Idon’tcare14.A:Comein,MrSmith.Nicetoseeyou.B:Nicetoseeyoutoo.I'mverysorrytobelate.A:_________.We'regladyoucouldcome.B:Ididn'tquiterememberthenumberofyourhouse,soittookmealongtimetofindyourhouse.A:_________thatIdidn'tmakemyselfclear.B:Oh,__________.五、禁止和警告基本常识日常生活中,人们经常会碰到"禁止""警告"的场合,如在博物馆里的NoTouch〔请勿触摸展品；影剧院里、公共汽车上的NoSmoking〔不许抽烟；公园里座位旁边的WetPaint〔油漆未干；交通要道处的NoParking〔禁止停车等。在正式场合,提醒对方注意,语气一般较为婉转,如：Pleasebesuretocomeearliertomorrow.当对方处于危险状态而没有注意到时,你应该及时提出警告以防不测。如情况危险,就用简短有力的祈使句。如：Takecare!/Watchout!/Becareful!/Stop!接受了别人的警告必须向对方表示感谢并简要说明理由,甚至道歉。禁止和警告通常是在一种紧急的语境中发出的,而且语言要简洁,因此祈使句是常见的表达方式。禁止和警告这一功能有时相当于威胁,但口气强弱有所不同。表示禁止时常用：Youmustn't/Youcan't<不行>。表示警告时常用和：Takecare./Becareful!/Lookout!/Mindout!小心Watchout!当心!等。基本用语Youcan't/Mustn'tdo……Ifyou……,youwill……Youhadbetternotdo….Don'tsmoke.Nonoise,please.No+doing…Besurenottodo…Lookout!<紧急>/Takecare!<提醒注意>/Becareful!Lookoutfor…/Becarefulwith…Makesureyoulockthedoorwhenyouleave!Mindthewetpaint!Mindyourownbusiness!别管闲事！Watchoutwhereyouarewalking.Noway./OK,Iwill./Sorry,Iwon't.交际例句1.--Don'tclimbthatladder!It'sbroken.--OK.Thankyou.2.--Lookout!There'sacarcoming.--Oh,thankyou.3.--Youmustn'tplayonthestreet.It'sdangerous.--No,wewon't.4.--Don'ttouchthemachinewhenitisworking.--No,Iwon't.Thankyou.5.--Youarenotallowedtosmokehere.--Oh,I'msorry.1>—MayI____thebookforanotherweek?—No,you____.Youmustreturnitrightnow.A.lend;mustn't B.keep;can't C.have;needn'tD.borrow;mustn't2>—______whenyoucrossthestreet.There'ssomuchtraffic.—Yes,Iwill.A.Takecare B.Makesure C.LookoutD.Becareful3>---Youcan'twalkyourdoginthepark.---_______.A.Oh,I'msorry.I'llneverdoitagain.B.Mindyourownbusiness.C.Oh,thankyou.D.Idon’tthinkso.AndIlikeit.4>Robert：Areyouholdingtheladder,Jane?Jane：Yes,Iam.Pleasebecareful,Robert.Don'tgotoohigh.Robert：___________.I'mOK.Jane：Look!Therearesomegoodapplesoverthere.Robert：Where?Jane：Behindyou!Canyoureachthem?Robert：Oh,yes.Icanseethem,butIcan'treachthem.Jane：__________.It'sdangerous!You'retoohigh.Robert：No,I'mnot.Great!Icanreachthemnow.六、请求、允许〔提出帮助;提出建议和忠告、:基本用语a.May/Can/CouldI...?IwonderifIcould/can....DoyoumindifIdo..?/WouldyoumindifIdid…?b.Yes/Sure/Certainly.Yes,<do>please.Ofcourse<youmay>.Goahead,please.<有请!>That'sOK/allright.Notatall.Withpleasure.很乐意.c.I'msorryyoucan't.I'msorry,but....You'dbetternot.Allright./OK.▲对Would/Doyoumindif…的回答。<首先要根据情况回答"是否介意"。如果真的介意,都要委婉拒绝。不介意的答语：No,ofcoursenot./Certainlynot./No,goahead./Notatall.……介意的答语：I'msorryyoucan't./Sorry,butit'snotallowed./You'dbetternot.Iwouldratheryoudidn't…/I'mafraid…▲对IwonderifIcould/can的回答：允许Sure,goahead./Yes,pleasedo./Yes.Ofcourse.Certainly.不允许I'msorry,but…/I'mafraidnot./No,pleasedon't./You'dbetternot.交际例句1.--Pleaseletmehelpyou.--No,thanks.Icancarryit.2.--CanIseeyourlicenceplease?--OK.3.--MayIcallyouJames?--Ofcourse,ifyouwish.4.--CouldIborrowapenplease?--Ofcourse.Withpleasure.5.--Excuseme.MayIuseyourdictionary?--Yes,hereyouare.6.--MayIaskyouseveralquestions?--Yes,ofcourse.★提供〔帮助等和应答基本常识1.发现陌生人或不太熟悉的人有困难,一般用下列句子主动提供帮助。CanIhelpyou?/WhatcanIdoforyou?/IsthereanythingIcandoforyou?Doyouwantmetocallyouadoctor?/Letmecarrytheluggageforyou.Wouldyoulikesomecoffee?2.如果是熟悉的人或朋友,可直接问对方需要什么帮助。Wouldyoulikemetogetyouabook?/Doyouwantmetocallyouataxi?Ifyoudon'tmind,I'llgoandbuythemforyou./Here,takemyumbrella.3.不需要别人帮助时,还是得先表示谢意。Pleasedon'tworry.Icanmanageitmyself.Pleasedon'tbother.Thankyouallthesame.No,thanks.基本用语1.Can/Could/ShallIhelpyou