(国际贸易实务)

03February20231InternationalTrade

Practice国际贸易实务ByZhouMingzhi

周明智03February20232Self-introduction周明智Contact:1305904089@Mobile:1352347799803February20233Chapter1IntroductiontoInt’l

TradePractices1.1Whatisinternationaltrade?Exchangingof(Buyingorselling)goods,servicesortechnologyfromortoacustomerinanothercountryorarea.1.2Whydonationstrade?Differentnaturalresourcereservesbecauseofgeologicalorgeographicalreasons;Internationalspecialization,onecountryismoreefficientthantheother;Benefitseverycountry;03February20234

1.3

Characteristicsofint’ltrade:Comparedwithdomestictrade,int’ltradeis--Moredifficult&Competitionisevenmorefierce

:becauseofdifferentculture,language,laws,customs,moretradebarriers,hardtodomarketinvestigations,complicatednegotiationtactics;03February20235--Morecomplicated&moreprocedures:

differentcurrenciesandexchangerates,measurementunits,businesspractices,customsandtraderegulations,gothroughmoreprocedures,asshipmentandinsurance,etc.--Morerisky&unstable:more

risksinvolvedinint’ltradeas

credit,commercial,exchangerate,delivery,price,politicalrisksinadditiontolongertime,rapidchanges&widerrange;Morepartiesinvolved:shippingagency,inspection,insurance,customs,banks,embassies,CCPIT…Concerningforeignaffairs.03February202361.4

Whydowestudy?--Todobusinesswithforeigncountriesmoreeffectively;Topromotetheeconomicgrowthandimprovethelivingstandardof...(tolearntoearnbigmoneybothfor…Necessary?--Definitely!E.g:pleaseofferCIFprice,PaymentbyD/A,andinsurancetocoverWPA.How?Infact,thetalentsforint’ltradeareinsufficientseriouslyonthequantityandqualityinourcountry.03February202371.5.1Whatdowelearn?☆Int’ltraderules,conventions,laws,practices;☆Chineseforeignlawsandregulations&practices;☆ContractclausesofImp.&exp.contractsandrelevantlaws&practices(mainlyforint’lsaleofgoods,why?);☆Mainproceduresinvolvedinimp.&exp.business;☆Tacticsonnegotiationwithcustomersbothfromhomeandabroad;

Tosumup,todobusinesswithforeignersandtoimproveourabilitytocommunicateinbusinessEnglish.03February20238

1.Domesticlaws:ThecontractlawofPRC.中华人民共和国合同法

ForeigntradelawofPRC对外贸易法04年4月修订

Saleofgoodsact（英）货物买卖法

1.5.2Laws,rules&conventionsapplicabletoint’ltrade2.Internationalrules&conventionsUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInt’lSaleofGoods---CISG<<联合国国际货物销售合同公约>>HagueRules(1924)、VisbyRules(1968)、HamburgRules(1978)(海牙、维斯比、汉堡规则）提单UnitedNationsConventiononInt’lCargoMultimodalTransport<<联合国国际货物多式联运公约>>(1980年)03February202391.5.3Int’ltradepracticesIncoterms2010《国际贸易术语解释通则》UniformCustomsandPracticeforDocumentaryCredit---UCP600《跟单信用证统一惯例》UniformRulesforcollection—URC522国际商会托收统一惯例

Someuniversallybindingcustomarypracticesorregulationsformedduringlongtermofint’ltradedevelopmentanddefinedandeditedbyint’lorganizations.03February2023101.5.4Functionsofint’ltradepractices

1.Simplifynegotiationprocedure&thusreducetimeandcostofnegotiationandinthiswaystimulateconclusionofcontract.2.Promotesettlementofdisputesanddiscrepanciesarisingfromint’lsalescontracts.3.Helpallparties,asthebanks,insuranceagencies,shippingforwarders,customs,involvedinint’ltradetoperformtheirbusinessandsolveproblems.03February202311

1.5.5Differencesbetweenint’ltreaty,practicesanddomesticlaw

Theyvariesindifferentcountries.Int’ltreatymaytakeeffectautomaticallyinsomecountries

onceit’sapprovedbythegovernmentofthatcountry,whileinothercountries,itwillhavetowaitforthelegislativeinstitution’sapprovaltobecomeeffective.

Int’lpracticesareofNGOandnoneedapprovalofacountry’sgovernment.Itbecomeseffectivewhenthepartiesconcernedagreetobesubjectivetoit.03February2023121.6ContentsChapter2CommodityanddescriptionChapter3

TradeTermsandpricingChapter4

InternationalCargoTransportChapter5

InternationalCargoTransportInsuranceChapter6InternationalPaymentsChapter7Inspection,Claims,arbitrationandForceMajeureChapter8

NegotiationandConclusionofContractChapter9ExecutionofE/IContract

Chapter10CustomsclearanceChapter11TradeFormsThese6chaptersconcerns/cclausesChapter1PrefaceExp/Imptransactionprocedures03February2023131.7Howtolearn?（teachingplan）Pre-classstudyandquestioninginclassattendancewillaccountfor10%offinalscore;Lectureanddiscussion;Homework&labpractice10%(copyingfounddisqualifiesthiscredit);FinalExam80%03February2023141.8DevelopmentofChina’sforeigntrade(USD100million)年份195019601970198019902000200520062007进口额5.826.522.8199.45232251

6601.27916.19558.2出口额5.525.723.1180.1609249276209690.812180.2

进出口总额11.352.245.9380.51132474314221.2

17606.9

21738.3年份08091011进出口25616.322072.729727.636420.6出口14285.512016.615779.318986进口11330.91005613948.317434.6增长%17.2-11.234.722.52013年全国进出口简要情况表

单位：亿美元项目12月当月1-12月累计绝对值同比%绝对值同比%进出口3898.46.241603.37.6进口1821.08.319502.97.3出口2077.44.322100.47.9差额256.4-17.32597.512.803February202316近两年我国对外劳务合作业务统计2012年，我国外劳务人员51.2万人，较去年增加6万人，其中承包工程23.3万人，劳务合作27.8万人。年末在外劳务人员85万人，较去年同期增加3.8万人。截至2012年底，累计派出639万人。2013年，我国对外劳务合作派出各类劳务人员52.7万人，与去年同期增加1.5万人，其中承包工程项下派出27.1万人，劳务合作项下派出25.6万人。年末在外各类劳务人员85.3万人，较上年同期增加0.3万人。03February2023181.9.3China’sGDPfrom2007to2013&comparisonwithothermajoreconomies2007年GDP26847.5亿元，约为4万亿美元，增长11.9%，超过德国，成为世界第三大经济体。2009约34万亿元，折合4.91万亿美元，增长9%。日本GDP为5.07万亿美元。美国142587亿美元。2010约39.79万亿元，约6.5万元美元。：欧盟20.8；美国15.6；日本5.4万亿。2011年中国473104亿，7.19万亿美元，美国15.924万亿，日本5.97万亿美元。2012，中国519332亿元，83492.28亿美元,美国162426.6亿美元，日本60937.83亿美元2013,568845亿人民币，约合9.3万亿美元。03February202319

1.9.6GDP&increasingratein2002-2012年07080910111213增速11.41097.603February2023201.9.7IncreasingrateofChina’sforeigntrade

200221.8%200337.1%200435.7%200523.2%200623.8%200723.5%200817.8%2009down13.9%2010up34.7%2011up22.52012

+6.220137.6comparingtheincreasingrateofGDPwiththatofforeigntrade?03February2023211.9.8Degreeofdependenceonforeigntrade贸易依存度=进出口总额/GDP(BillionRMB)年份进出口总额GDP外贸依存度19952322.715847.8139.720003922.468944.2243.920051422118308.463.6201029727.66500045.7201238667.683492.2846.3201341603.49300044.7303February2023222013年全球gdp排名排名国家名称GDP总量

(十亿美元)所在地区

1

美国16197.962

中国9038.66

3

日本5997.324

德国3373.335

法国2565.626

英国2532.057

巴西2503.878

印度2117.289

俄罗斯2109.0210

意大利1953.8203February202323

1.10QualificationExamsforInternationalBusinessDoers.国际商务助理及商务师执业资格考试《国际商务理论与实务》、《国际商务专业知识》和《业务外语》3个科目。其中业务外语科目应参加全国职称外语等级考试中的B级考试。外销员从业资格考试

《外经贸综合业务》和《外经贸外语》2个科目，《外经贸外语》考试分笔试和口语两部分；外贸报检报验员执业资格考试03February202324

1.11Recommendedwebsiteshttp://商务部

http://

中国远洋运输集团总公司

http://

中国国际货运代理协会

http://

中国贸促会/中国国际商会

http://

海关总署http://中国国家外汇管理局http://

阿里巴巴

http://WTOhttp://

国际商会

/training/doc/simtrade/03February2023251.12Recommendationofbooks进出口贸易实务教程（第四版）上海人民出版社吴百福《国际贸易实务》对外经贸大学冷柏军InternationalTradePractices帅建林西南财经大学出版03February2023261.13Summary&homeworkwhatareyougoingtodotoprepareyourselfforbeingaqualifiedinternational(trade)busyness-person?Keypoints:Whatisinternationaltradepracticeabout?Whatarewegoingtolearninthiscourse?Homeworkwillbecheckednexttime:1.printthisppt.forclassuseandformstudygroupsof3~5personseach.Groupnamelist.2.readchapter2&eachgroupwriteatleast3kindsofcommoditiesincludingname,quality,quantityandpackinginEnglish3.Prepare2ormorequestionsyouwanttodiscussinclass.03February202327Theendofchapterone

Thankyou!03February202328Chapter2TermsofCommodityContentsofthischapter

Section1NameofcommoditySection2QualityofcommoditySection3QuantityofcommoditySection4Packingofcommodity03February202329Section1NameofCommodity2.1.1.Definition--Akindoftitleorconceptionthatcandistinguishoneparticularcommodityfromothers.“品名”是指能使某种商品区别于其他商品的一种称呼或概念。它在一定程度上体现了商品的自然属性、用途以及主要的性能特征。明确商品的品名是交易进行的前提。它是买卖双方交收货物时的一项基本依据。NameofCommodity:E.g.:ChineseGreenTea03February2023302.1.2TheimportanceofdescribingcommoditiesinacorrectwayinanS/CorP/C.

Ifthegoodsdeliveredbythesellerarenotinaccordancewiththeagreednameofcommodity,thebuyerreservestherighttorejectthegoodsorevencancelthecontractandlodgeaclaim.(CISG)

若卖方交付的货物不符合合同规定的品名或说明，则买方有权拒收货物，撤消合同并提出损害赔偿。

03February2023312.1.3NamingMethodsNamingbyusage:LoomNamingbymaterials:GunnybagsNamingbycomposition:Namingbyappearance:greenbeans、flaresNamingbycommendatoryterm:Namingbyplace,historicperson,workmanship…PearlcreamClean&Clear03February2023322.1.4Howtodescribecommoditiescorrectlyinacontract.

Name&descriptionofgoods:LadiesHandbagLPD2162Brown/TanCCLOGO11"X5"X203February2023332.1.5

Somepointstobeconsideredundernameofcommodityclause

品名条款需要注意的问题：

1)Trytoadopttheinternationallyacceptedname,especiallyfornewproducts.E.g:‘dog-skinplaster’isnotaproperone.2)Thecustomsandcarriagetariffs--在不违反政策的前提下，从进出口国海关商品分类名称选择有利于减纳关税或方便进出口的品名；

--使用运费表中品名适于较底的运费率的名称；3）Tobeinconformitywiththedescriptioninotherdocs&truetorealgoods.

与有关文件上对品名描述的以及实际货物一致性。4)MakeitsimpleandeasyforexecutionofS/C.

凡做不到或不必要的描述性词句，都不应列入，以免给履行合同带来困难。03February2023345)Andinmanycases,thedescriptionofthegoodswillincludeit’sstandard,grade,modal,specificationsetc.

实务中，通常把有关商品的具体品种、等级或型号的概括性描述，品质规格包括进去加以限定，从而把品名条款与品质条款合而为一。6）InEnglish,otherlanguagesarerarelyused,especiallywhenL/Cpaymentisapplied.03February2023352.2QualityofCommodity2.2.1Quality

ofcommodity:Itrefersto

theouterappearanceandtheinnerfeaturesofthegoods:

--theshape,structure,color,size--theirchemicalcomposition--physicalandmechanicalperformance--biologicalfeatures,ortechnicalindexes

商品的质量是外观形态和内在质量的综合。它直接影响商品的使用价值和价格，是决定商品使用效能和影响商品市场价格的重要因素。因此，国际市场竞争的趋势是高质量而非单纯的低价格。03February2023362.2.2RegulationsonqualityinCISGUnitedNationsConventiononContractsfortheInternationalSaleofGoods,CISG《联合国国际货物合同公约》规定：

The

seller

must

deliver

goods

which

are

of

the

quantity,

quality

and

description

required

by

the

contract

and

which

are

contained

or

packaged

in

the

manner

required

by

the

contract.

卖方交货必须符合约定的质量，如卖方交货不符约定的品质条件，买方有权要求损害赔偿，也可要求修理或交付替代货物，甚至拒收货物和撤消合同。

商品质量的优劣不仅关系到买卖双方的经济利益，而且还关系到商品信誉、企业信誉、国家形象和消费者的利益.03February2023372.2.3int’lqualitycontrolstandards

ISO9000,14000,OHSAS18000

1987版ISO9001标准从自我保证的角度出发，更多关注的是企业内部的质量管理和质量保证；1994版ISO9001标准则通过20个质量管理体系要素，把用户要求、法规要求及质量保证的要求纳入标准的范围中：2000版ISO9001标准在标准构思和标准目的等方面出现了具有时代气息的变化，过程方法的概念、顾客需求的考虑、持续改进的思想贯穿於整个标准，把组织的质量管理体系满足顾客要求的能力和程度体现在标准的要求之中。2000年12月15日正式由国际标准化组织颁布实施ISO9000、ISO9001、ISO9004、ISO19011四项标准构成新版ISO9000族标准的核心标准。

03February202338ISO9001：2000标准作为通用的质量管理体系标准可适用於各类组织，不受组织类型、规模、经济技术活动领域或专业范围、提供产品种类的影响和限制。

1、任何组织的质量管理体系应考虑四个应考虑四个重要组成部分：首先是管理职责，包括方针、目标、管理承诺、职责与许可权、策划、顾客需求、质量管理体系和管理评审等项内容；其次是资源管理，包括人力资源、资讯资源、设施设备和工作环境等项内容；第三是过程管理，包括顾客需求转换、设计、采购、产品生产与服务提供等项内容；第四是测量、分析与改进，包括资讯测评、质量管理体系内审、产品监测和测量、过程监测和测量、不合格品控制、持续改进、纠正和预防措施等。

2、标准中使用的术语“产品“可以指有形的实物产品，也可以指”服务”。

3、主要目的是展现组织有能力持续提供满足顾客需求和相关法律、法规要求的产品，能确保其通过有效运行质量管理体系增强顾客的信任。ISO14000与OHSAS18000ISO14000系列标准是为促进全球环境质量的改善而制定的一套环境管理的框架文件，目的是为了加强组织（公司、企业）的环境意识、管理能力和保障措施，从而达到改善环境质量的目的。在我国采取第三方独立认证。OHSAS18000全名为OccupationalHealthandSafetyAssessmentSeries18000,是一国际性安全及卫生管理系统验证标准。是20世纪80年代后期在国际上兴起的现代安全生产管理模式，它与ISO9000和ISO14000等标准体系一并被称为“后工业化时代的管理方法”。职业健康安全管理体系产生的主要原因是企业自身发展的要求。随着企业规模扩大和生产集约化程度的提高，对企业的质量管理和经营模式提出了更高的要求。企业必须采用现代化的管理模式，使包括安全生产管理在内的所有生产经营活动科学化、规范化和法制化。03February2023402.2.4Qualityrequirementforexp.goods出口商品应坚持“质量第一”的原则和贯彻“以销定产”的方针，并符合下列要求：

1.针对不同市场和不同消费者的消费水平、需求和消费习惯来确定出口商品的品质、规格、花色、式样等商品质量。

2.不断更新换代和精益求精，凡质量不稳定或不过关的商品，不宜轻易出口，以免败坏声誉。

3.适应进口国的有关法令规定和要求。

4.适应国外自然条件、季节变化和销售方式以及商品在流通过程中的变化规律，以增强其竞争力。03February2023412.2.5MethodsofStipulatingQuality

Specification

GradeStandardBrandorTradeMark

OriginSample

seller’ssample(卖方样品)

buyer’ssample

counter/return（复样）

sampleSaleby

IllustrationRealgoodsDescriptionOrwithsamples03February202342(1)Salebyrealgoods看货买卖：即先由买方或其代理人在卖方销售地验看货物，达成交易后，卖方即按验看过的商品交付货物，且买方不得对品质提出异议。多用于首饰、珠宝、字画等商品。03February202343(2)SalebysamplesWhensendingsamplestothebuyer,thesellershouldkeepsomeoriginalsample原样Useelasticclause（使用弹性条款）as“QualitytobeaboutequaltotheSample”ora“QualitytobesimilartotheSample”.(noteasilyacceptedbythebuyer)Whensalebybuyer’ssamples,thesellershouldmakeduplicatesamples(复样)orcountersample(对等样品)forthebuyer’sapprovalbeforeproduction.Sometimes,sealedsamplesareusedtoavoiddisputesuponthequalityofgoods.Clarifythebuyer’srightsintheS/C

oncethequalityofthegoodsshippedisnotinconformitywiththesample.03February202344(3)Salebyspecification

（凭规格买卖）--Salebyspecification：todescribegoodsinthes/cwithkeyindexesastheirchemical

composition,content,

purity,

performance,

capacity,

length,

thickness,

sizesetc.E.g.

Descriptionofgoods

NortheastChinabeansOilcontent:18%minMoisture:13%maxAdmixture:1%maxImperfectgrains:7%max03February202345Now,youdoit!PutthefollowingintoEnglish

货物名称：冻带骨兔肉规格：特级：每只净重不低于1500克；

大级：每只净重不低于1000克；

中级：每只净重不低于600克；

小级：每只净重不低于400克。03February202346(4)SalebyGrade（凭等级买卖）E.g.:FreshEggs,shelllightbrownandclean,eveninsizeGradeAA:60-65gmpereggGradeB:55-60gmpereggGradeC:45-50gmpereggGradeD:40-45gmperegg

GradeE:35-40gmperegg

--todescribeins/cgoodsofonecategorybutofdifferentqualitybyusingwords,figuresormarksrepresentingdifferentqualitygradesofgoods.Qualified?03February202347.Todescribegoodsins/cwithqualitystandardssetforthbygovernmentortradeunionorexchangesorsomecommercialinstitutionsororganizations.。suitableforagriculturalproduceofwhichthequalityvarieseasilyandforsomeindustrialgoods.(5)

SalebyStandard（凭标准买卖）03February202348ChineseTongOil,F.A.Q,F.F.A4%max中国桐油，大路货，游离脂肪酸最高4%ChineseGroundnut,2004crop,F.A.Q.Moisture10%(max.)Oilcontent45%(min.)Admixture5%(max.)ImperfectGrains8%(max.)

(5)SalebyStandard

（凭标准买卖）

Foragriculturalproduce,F.A.Q.orG.M.Q.maybeusedtodefinethequality:1）F.A.Q.

2）G.M.Q.FairAverageQuality良好平均品质GoodMerchantableQuality上好可销品质E.g.:03February202349GradeA00,A0foraluminum;Size:38/42/oz,40/50/ozforgroundnutkernels;Grades6A,5A,4A,3A,2A,A,B,C,D,E,F,Gforsilk;Standards:ISO,IEC(int’lelectriccommittee),BS(BritishStandard),ANSI(US),NF(FRANCE),DIN(Germany)JIS,JAS(Japan)(5)SalebyStandard（凭标准买卖）03February202350(5)SalebyStandard（凭标准买卖）

Somepopularstandards:

“中国强制认证”，“ChinaCompulsoryCertification”，缩写“CCC”。

En,E-mark(EconomicCommissionofEurope,ECE欧洲经济委员会)包括28个国家

GS德语Geprufte

Sicherheit(安全性已认证)Germany

SafetyFCCFederal

Communications

Commission美联邦通信委员会

CSA加拿大标准Canadian

Standards

Association

VDE德国国家产品标志

UL保险商试验（Underwriter

Laboratories

Inc.）

03February202351SalebyBrandorTrademark

凭商标或品牌买卖

todescribegoodsins/cbyusingtheirtrademarkorbrandname,as

MalingBrandWorcesersireSauce梅林牌辣酱油,

QimenBlacktea,crocodile,sprit,Nike,Addidas.Cocacola

03February202352(7)

Salebynameoforigin,orbygeographicalindication凭产地名称或地理标志买卖E.g.Zhongmougarlic

ChangbaishanGinseng

MinquangrapewineShandongChineseonionNote:theyarenameofcommodityandalsorepresentqualitytosomeextend.

03February202353(8)Salebydescriptionandillustration

（凭说明书或图样买卖）

Forsomemachinery,electricappliances,instrument,heavyequipment,transportationvehicles,theyaresocomplicatedthatonlythename,brand,modelarenotenoughtospecifytheirquality,so,illustrationsofvariouskindsareusuallyusedtodescribetheirqualityins/c.03February2023542.2.4Qualitylatitudeclause&qualitytolerance品质机动幅度条款与品质公差Qualitylatitudeclause(品质机动幅度)：

---Thequalityofthegoodsisacceptablewithinacertainrange.--即质量指标在一定幅度内可以机动。具体方法有规定范围、极限和上下差异三种。03February2023552.2.5TermsofQualityinacontractB601TomatoPaste28/30ConcentrationGreyDuck’sdown,content18%(1%moreorless)

E.g.:Qualityofgoodsmustbeclearlydescribedinans/c.Asdifferentgoodshavedifferentquality,wehavedifferentwaystoexpresstheirdifferentquality.Stipulatingarange（范围）Yarn-dyedGingham(色织条格布)Width41/42"LiveYellowEel(活黄鳝)75gandupperpiece03February202356(2)Stipulatinga‘MAX.’or‘MIN.’FishMealProtein55%Min.Fat9%Max.Moisture11%Max.Salt4%Max.Note:mostlyforprimaryproductsE.g.:03February202357UsingQualityToleranceClause

品质公差Qualitytolerance(质量公差)：

thequalitydifferencecommonlyacceptedorrecognizedbythesameindustryintheinternationalmarket.是指允许交付货物的特定质量指标有在公认的一定范围内的差异。--Industrialmanufacturedgoods:Machinery,instrumentorequipment

03February202358Note

Forgoodssold/boughtbyweight,moreorlessshipmentisusuallyallowed,whichwillbestipulatedins/cas“Amountofcreditandquantityofmerchandise(5%)moreorlessacceptable.”

信用证的金额及货物的数量均可允许5%增减。03February2023592.3QuantityofGoodsGenerals:Quantity（数量）--Theweight,numbers,length,volume,area,andcapacityofgoods,whichareindicatedbydifferentmeasuringunits.

Article52ofCISGstipulates:

“Ifthesellerdeliversaquantityofgoodsgreaterthanthatprovidedforinthecontract,thebuyermaytakedeliveryofthegoodsorrefusetotakedeliveryoftheexcessquantity.Ifthebuyertakesdeliveryofallorpartoftheexcessquantity,hemustpayforitatthecontractrate.”

03February2023602.3.1Systems&unitsofMeasurementMetricsystem,U.Ssystem,Britishsystem,Int’lsystemofunit,weuseInt’lsystemofunit.Units:mt/MT/M/T,kg,gram,lb,l.,gal,s/t,l/t,pc,doz,oz,carton(CTN),case,drum,barrel,bale,yd,ft(20’),inch(10”),《中华人民共和国计量法》第3条规定：“国家采用国际单位制。国际单位制计量单位和国家选定的其他计量单位为国家法定计量单位。”03February2023612.3.1UnitsofMeasurementNumbers:Length:Area:Volume:Capacity:Piece/pc,

Dozen/doz,

drum,carton/ctnmeteryardfoot1m=1.094yd=3.281ft

m2yd2ft2m3yd3ft3

litergallonbushelWeight:kg.metricton

long/shortton1MT=1000kgs1LT=1016kgs1ST=907.2kgs03February2023622.3.2Calculationofweight

GrossWeight,GW(毛重)ConditionedWeight(公量)

TheoreticalWeight（理论重量）NetWeight,NT(净重),NNT03February202363ByGrossWeight(毛重)USD300perMT,grossfornet每公吨300美元，以毛作净ByNetWeight(净重)grossweight–tare=netweightByactualtare（皮重）ByaveragetareBycustomarytareBycomputed(双方约定）tare03February202364公量=商品的干净重×(1+公定回潮率)=实际重量（1+公定回潮率）

1+实际回潮率High-valuedgoods:wool,rawsilkUnsteadymoisturecontentFormula:--Throughscientificmethodstoremovethemoisturecontentofthecommoditythenaddstandardizedmoisture.ByConditionedWeight(公量)03February202365公量的计算：<Exercise>某厂出口生丝10公吨，双方约定标准回潮率是11%，用科学仪器抽出水分后，生丝净剩8公吨。某厂出口生丝的公量是？公量=干量+标准含水量

=8+8*11%=8.88（公吨）03February202366MoreorLessclause（溢短装条款）QuantityLatitude4.TermsofQuantityinacontract(M)大同锅炉用煤，500公吨，5%溢短装，由卖方选择,溢短量价值以合同价计。E.g.:

DatongSteamCoal,500MetricTons,5%moreorlessattheseller’soption,valueoftheexcessorshortagequantitytobecalculatedatthecontractprice.

03February202367Whichpartyhastheoptiontoloadmoreorless?①atseller’soption②atbuyer’soption③atcarrier’soption/atship’soption03February202368ImportantArticle39-aofUCP600stipulates:Thewords“about,”“approximately,”“circa”orsimilarexpressionsusedinconnectionwiththeamountoftheCreditorthequantityortheunitpricestatedintheCreditaretobeconstruedasallowingadifferencenottoexceed10%moreorlessthantheamountorthequantityortheunitpricetowhichtheyrefer.（L/C对金额、数量及单价使用“about,”“approximately,”“circa”或类似词汇将被理解为允许10%以内的浮动。03February202369Article39-bofUCP600stipulates:“UnlessaCreditstipulatesthatthequantityofthegoodsspecifiedmustnotbeexceededorreduced,atoleranceof5%moreor5%lesswillbepermissible,alwaysprovidedthattheamountofthedrawingsdoesnotexceedtheamountoftheCredit.ThistolerancedoesnotapplywhentheCreditstipulatesthequantityintermsofastatednumberofpackingunitsorindividualitems.”Important03February202370Translation

1)F.A.Q.2)Salebyseller’ssample3)Moreorlessclause4)Countersample5)Qualitylatitude6)Quantitytolerance

03February2023711.凡是能够用一种方法表示品质的，一般不要采用两种或两种以上的方法来表示。（t）2.按重量计量是目前国际贸易中使用最多的一种计量方法。（t）

3.如果合同中未明确规定按毛重还是净重计价，根据惯例，应按毛重计价。（净重）

TrueorFalse4.卖方所交货物如果多于合同规定的数量，按CISG的规定，买方可以收取也可以拒收全部多交货物。按saleofgoodsact(uk)（）买方可以收取也可以拒收全部货物。03February202372SingleChoice2.我方以每箱100美元ＣＩＦ纽约价出口货物100箱，实际交货105箱，我方应收款（）。

Ａ）10,000美元

Ｂ）10,500美元

C）9,500美元

D)双方再协议1.品质公差条款一般用于（A）。

Ａ）制成品交易

B）初级产品交易

C）纺织品交易

D）谷物类产品交易03February202373SingleChoice3.在国际贸易中，对生丝、羊毛、棉花等有较强的吸湿性商品其计重方法通常为（）。

Ａ）毛重

B）净重

C）公量

D）理论重量4.卖方根据买方提供的样品加工复制出一个类似的样品提供买方确认，经确认的样品叫（B）。

A）复样

B）回样

C）参考样品

D）卖方样品注：复样也称留样是指向买方送交样品时，卖方应留存的一份或数份同样的样品。也指复样指在客户提出意见后修改后的样品。原样：客户提供的样品。对等样品：卖方提供给客户确认的样品。03February2023742.4PackingofCommodity2.4.1TypesofPacking1)OuterPacking/TransportPacking2)InnerPacking

/SellingPacking3)Nudepacking03February2023751)Outer/transportPacking(1)Functionsofouterpacking:--Outerpacking,toprotectthegoods,tofacilitateloading,unloadingandstowage,costsaving.运输包装03February202376(2)Typesofouter/transportPackingPallet,crates/Skeleton,casescontainers20’TEU40’03February202377运输包装(2)Typesofouter/transportPacking(F)Case(箱)Bale(包):

bundlebale

Bag(袋):Drum(桶):gunnybag,clothbag,plasticbag,paperbagOthers:bottle,can,basket,jar;container,palletirondrum,

woodencask,plasticcask,barrelwoodencase,carton,crate,corrugated03February202378(3)MarkingofTransportPacking运输包装ShippingMark（运输标志/唛头）IndicativeMark

（指示性标志）WarningMark

（警告性标志）--Diagrams,wordsorfiguresthatarewritten,printedorbrushedontheoutsideoftheshippingpackages.03February202379运输包装(3.1)ShippingMark（唛头的构成）①

ABCCO②SC9750③

LONDON④NO.1/5000Nameofconsignee(initials)ReferenceNumberPortorPlaceofDestination

Numberof&TotalPackages03February202380(3.2)IndicativeMark（指示性标志）运输包装HandlewithcareUsenohookNoturningoverTobeprotectedfromcoldThissideupKeepdryKeepawayfromheatFragile03February202381(3.3)WarningMark（警告性标志）运输包装--Explosive,poisonous,inflammable,radioactive,corrosives,

oxidizinggoods03February202382中性包装和定牌生产NeutralPacking（中性包装）(4)Specifiedbrand/Non-brand/NeutralPacking--Thecountryoforiginoftheproductisnotshownontheinnerandouterpackages.商品的内外包装上无生产国别NeutralpackingwithSpecifiedbrand定牌中性Neutralpackingwithoutbrand无牌中性Specifiedbrand:定牌usebuyernominatedtrademarkorbrandoncommodityorpacking.Non-brand:无牌Notrademarkorbrandnameshowneitheroncommodityorpacking03February2023833.TermsofPackinginaContract--Packingmaterial,method,dimension,unitweight,costandshippingmarkareusuallyincludedinthecontractprice.E.g.Packing:Eachpieceinapoly-bag,halfdozentoaboxand10dozentoacarton.Packingcostsareincludedintheunitprice.Goodsaretobemarkedwithourinitialsinadiamondtogethe