2020年高考英语二轮复习专题06 阅读理解Ⅳ：词义猜测题(测)

专题6阅读理解IV：词义猜测1.D【四省名校2019-2020学年高三第一次大联考】Ifyouwearglasses,chancesareyouaresmarter.ResearchpublishedinthefamousBritishjournalNatureCommunicationshasfoundthatpeoplewhodisplayedhigherlevelsofintelligencewerealmost30percentmorelikelytowearglasses.Thescientistsstudiedthegenesofthousandsofpeoplebetweentheagesof16and102.Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.Scientistsalsosaidbeingsmarterhasotherbenefits.Itisconnectedtobetterhealth.Itisimportanttoremembertheseareconnectionswhicharenotprovencauses.Scientistscallthiscorrelation.Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.Andit'sworthnotingthatwhatconstitutesintelligenceissubjectiveandcanbedifficult,ifnotimpossible,tomeasure.Forgetgenesthough.Plentyofproofshowswearingglassesmakespeoplethinkyouaremoreintelligent,evenifyoudonotneedglasses.Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.HesaidSometimestherehasbeenahugeamountofproofshowingthatpeoplehewasdefendingbrokethelaw.Hehadthemwearglassesandtheyweren'tfoundguilty.GlassesarealsousedtoshowsomeoneisintelligentinmoviesandonTV.Ideasaboutpeoplewhowearglasseshavebeguntoshift.Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.GQmagazinesaidpeoplewhowearglassesforfashionaretryingtoohardtolooksmartandhip（时髦的）.However,thathasn'tstoppedmanycelebritiesfromhappilywearingglasseseveniftheydonotneedthem.JustinBieberisjustonehigh-profilefanoffashionglasses.Whatdoesthenewstudyshow?Peoplewearingglassesaresmarter.Peoplewearingglassesarehealthier.Wearingglassescanmakepeoplecleverer.WearingglassesisassociatedwithhigherIQ.WhatdoestheunderlinedwordinParagraph3mean?A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Consequence.A.Shift.B.Link.C.Proof.D.Consequence.Whydosomelawyersasktheirclientstowearglassesincourt?Becauseitcancreateamoralimage.Becauseitcanmisleadthewitnesses.Becauseitcanhighlightclients'qualities.Becauseitcanprovetheclients'innocence.Whatisthegeneralattitudetothosewhowearglassesforfashion?Positive.B.Negative.C.MixedD.Indifferent.【答案】12.D13.B14.A15.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了研究发现戴眼镜和高智商有关，文章还指出有些人只是为了追求时尚而戴眼镜。细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Thestudyshowedintelligencecanbeconnectedtophysicalcharacteristics.Onecharacteristicwaseyesight.Inoutof10peoplewhoweremoreintelligent,therewasahigherchancetheyneededglasses.”可知，研究表明，智力与身体特征有关，其中一个特征就是视力，在10个更聪明的人中，他们需要眼镜的几率更高，也就是说戴眼镜与高智商有关，故D项正确。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“Justbecausesomethingisconnectedtosomethingelsedoesnotmeanoneofthosethingscausedtheother.”可知，仅仅因为某物与其他事物相联系并不意味着其中一个事物导致了另一个事物，这是对画线词的解释说明，因此此处是说重要的是要记住这些都是没有被证实的原因的联系，科学家称之为相关性，由此可知画线词词义为“相关联、联系”，故B项正确。细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Anumberofstudieshavefoundpeoplewhowearglassesareseenassmarter,hard-workingandhonest.Manylawyersusethisideatohelpwintheircases.LawyerHarveySolvesexplainedthis.Glassessoftentheirappearance.”可知，许多研究发现，戴眼镜的人被视为更聪明、更勤奋、更诚实，眼镜使他们看起来更温和，许多律师利用这个想法来帮助他们赢得官司，由此可知，一些律师让他们的当事人在法庭上戴眼镜是因为戴上眼镜有助于塑造一个道德的形象，故A项正确。推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Peoplewhodonotneedglassessometimeswearthemforfashiononly.Theywanttolookworldlyorcool.Butnoteveryoneisimpressedbythisidea,though.”可知，不需要眼镜的人有时戴眼镜只是为了时尚，他们想显得酷一些，但并不是每个人都对这个想法印象深刻，由此可知，对于那些追求时尚而戴眼镜的人来说，人们的态度是既有人支持也有人反对，故C项正确。2.C【河南省中原名校2019-2020学年高三上学期第二次质量考评】Plasticsremainoneofthemost-usedmaterialsformakingmanythings.Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.Plasticsarealsomuchlighterthanmetalandcaneasilybeformedintodifferentshapes.Plasticscantakehundredsofyearstobreakdownontheirown.Andveryfewkindsarehighlyrecyclable.AteamofresearchersworkingattheUSDepartmentofEnergysaysithascreatedakindofplasticthatcouldleadtoproductsthatare100percentrecyclable.ItrecentlyreportedthediscoveryinastudyinthejournalNatureChemistry.Theresearcherssaythenewmaterialisaplasticpolymer聚合体）calledpolydiketoenamine,orPDK.Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular分子的）level.Itcanthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.Theresearcherssaythisprocesscanberepeatedoverandoveragain—withouttheplasticmateriallosinganyperformanceorquality."Mostplasticswerenevermadetoberecycled,”leadresearcherPeterChristensensaidinastatmeent."Butwehavediscoveredanewwaytoassembleplasticsthattakesrecyclingintoconsiderationfromamolecularperspective.”Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.Theproblemisthatthesechemicalsattachtothemonomers单体）,whichremaininplasticsevenafterthematerialgetsprocessedatarecyclingplant.Theresearchteamreportedthat,withthenewlydiscoveredPDKmaterial,themonomerscouldberecoveredandseparatedfromanychemicaladditives.Next,theresearchersplantodevelopPDKplastics"withawiderangeofthermalandmechanicalproperties.Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.Inaddition,theteamistryingtoincludeplant-basedmaterialsintheprocess.Whatisthefirstparagraphmainlyabout?Plasticsareneverhighlyrecyclable.Plasticsarewidelyusedinourlives.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages.Plasticstakehundredsofyearstobebrokendown.Whatdoestheunderlinedword“It”inparagraph3referto?Thenewmaterial.B.Theresearchteam.C.Themolecularlevel.D.Theproducingprocess.Whydomanyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothem?Tomakethemeasytobreakdown.Tomakethemeasytogetprocessed.Tomakeitpossibleforthemtoberecycled.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.Whatcanweinferfromthelastparagraph?PDKplasticswillbesoonputtogooduse.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.TheresearchersarebusydevelopingPDKplastics.Plant-basedmaterialshavebeenusedinthenewplastics.【答案】28.C29.A30.D31.B【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个研究团队正在研究一种新型的塑料，这种塑料更容易降解，更耐用且可以循环利用。主旨大意题。根据文章第一段的Thingsmadeofplasticscanbeverystrongandlastalongtime.…Andvekindsarehighlyrecyclable.可知，塑料结实耐用，更易成型；需要上百年才能降解，且几乎不能循环利用；所以本段既讲了塑料的优点也讲了缺点。C.Plasticshavebothadvantagesanddisadvantages（.塑料既有优势也有劣势）可以总结本段。故选C项。词义猜测题。根据前句Theteamreportsthematerialcanbebrokendowninpartsatthemolecular分子的）level.（研究队说这种材料能被降解成分子大小的微粒）和画线词后面的canthenbebuiltupagaintoformplasticsofdifferentshapes,texturesandcolors.（然后再次组合形成不同形状，颜色和质地的塑料）可知，it代指的是前文提到的新材料，尤其从canbe和canthenbe这两个并列句可以推出前后讲的是同物。故选A项。细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段的Manyplasticshavedifferentchemicalsaddedtothemtomakethemmoreusefulandpowerful.可知，加入其它化学物质的目的是让塑料更有用，更耐用。D.Tomakethemstrongerandmorewidelyused.（让它们更坚固，使用面更广）符合以上说法。故选D项。推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的Theseplasticscouldbeusedformanykindsofcloth,aswellasthingssuchas3Dprintedmaterialsandfoams.可知，这种新型塑料在将来可以被用在很多领域，例如布料，3D打印和泡沫。B.PDKplasticsmayhaveapromisingprospect.（PDK塑料可能有一个光明的前景）符合以上说法。故选B项。3.B【河南省八市重点中学2019-2020学年高三9月月考】Asmuchasseventyyearsago,inthecityofBoston,therelivedasmallgirlwhohadthenaughtyhabitofrunningaway.666666Herparents,Mr.andMrs.Alcott,fromfirsttolast,hadhadagoodmanyfrightsaboutthisflyawayLouisa.Oncewhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldtheyweretravelingwithheronasteamboat,andshedartedaway,insomemomentwhennoonewasnoticingher,andcrawledintotheengine-roomtowatchthemachinery.Ofcourseherclotheswereallgreaseanddirt,andshemighthavebeencaughtinthemachineryandhurt.Exceptforthisonefault,Louisawasagoodchild,soshefeltmuchashamedthatshehadcausedhermother,whomsheloveddearly,somuchworry.Shemadeuphermindthatshewouldneverfrightenhersoagain.No-shewouldcureherselfoftherunning-awayhabit!Afterthat,whenevershefelttheleastdesiretoslipoutofthehousewithoutaskingpermission,shewouldhurrytoherownlittleroomandshutthedoortight.Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem.ByandbyshefoundshelikedmakingstoriesbetterthananythingshehadeverdoneinherlifeHermothersometimeswonderedwhyLouisagrewsofondofstayinginherlittlechambertheheadofthestairs,allofasudden,butwaspleasedthattherunawaychildhadchangedintosuchaquiet,like-to-stay-at-homegirl.ItwasalongtimebeforeLouisadaredtomentionthestoriesandrhymesshehadhiddeninherdeskbutfinallyshetoldhermotheraboutthem,andwhenMrs.Alcotthadreadthem,sheadvisedhertokeeponwriting.LouisadidsoandbecameoneofthebestAmericanstory-tellers.Shewroteanumberofbooks,andifyoubeginwithLulu'sLibrary,youwillwanttoreadLittleMenandLittleWomenandallthebooksthatdearLouisaAlcotteverwroteWhatdoestheunderlinedword“dartedaway”inparang?raph2medisappearedB.leftquicklyC.lostherselfD.hidherselfWhydidLouisacrawlintotheengineroom?Becauseshewantedtowatchthemachinery.BecauseshewantedtomakeherparentsfrightenedBecauseshelikedtomakeJokes.Becauseotherwise,shemighthavebeenhurt.HowdidLouisacureherselfofrunning-awayhabit?SheaskedpermissionbeforegoingoutofthehouseShefoundmakingstoriesmoreinterestingandgaveupherrun-awayplanatonce.Hermothermadeherenterherownroomandshutthedoortight.ShemadeupstoriesandthenwrotethemdownWhichofthefollowingcanbestdescribeLouisa?Caring.B.AmbitiousC.Strong-minded.D.Demanding.【答案】4.B5.A6.D7.C【解析】这是一篇记叙文。本文主要讲述了作家路易斯•奥尔科特小时候的一段经历。她从很小的时候起就喜欢独自“逃跑”，父母为此饱受惊吓，后来她下定决心改正这个习惯，每当有“逃跑”计划时，她就把自己关起来，编故事，写故事，后来她成了作家。词义猜测题。根据上文Asmuchasseventyyearsago,inthecityofBoston,therelivedasmallgirlwhohadthenaughtyhabitofrunningaway（.大约70年前，在波士顿城，住着一个小女孩，她有一个顽皮的习惯，那就是逃跑。）以及Herparents,Mr.andMrs.Alcott,fromfirsttolast,hadhadagoodmanyfrightsaboutthisflyawayLouisa.（她的父母，阿尔科特先生和阿尔科特太太，对Louisa的出走，从始至终，感到非常害怕。）可知Louisa喜欢“逃跑”，因此在有一次当他们和她一起乘汽船旅行的时候,Louisa在没有人注意她的时候，Louisa又飞快地跑开了。故划线短语意思为“快速离开”，故选B。细节理解题。根据文章第二段中Oncewhenshewasonlytwoyearsoldtheyweretravelingwithheronasteamboat,andshedartedaway,insomemomentwhennoonewasnoticingher,andcrawledintotheengine-roomtowatchthemachinery.（有一次，当她只有两岁的时候，他们和她一起乘汽船旅行，在没有人注意她的时候，她飞快地跑开了，爬进机舱去看机器。）可知Louisa爬进机舱，因为她想看机器。故选A。细节理解题。根据文章第四段中Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem（.为了不让自己的头脑受到坏计划的影响，她会闭上眼睛编造故事——把它们都想清楚，你知道，这都是她的。然后，当其中一些看起来很不错的时候，她会把它们写下来，这样她就不会忘记它们了。）可知Louisa编造故事，然后把它们写下来，以便改掉逃跑的习惯。故选Do推理判断题。根据第四段中Tokeephermindfrombadplansshewouldshuthereyesandmakeupstories-thinkthemallout,hers,youknow.Then,whensomeofthemseemedprettygood,shewouldwritethemdownsothatshewouldnotforgetthem.（为了不让自己的头脑受到坏计划的影响，她会闭上眼睛编造故事——把它们都想清楚，你知道，这都是她的。然后，当其中一些看起来很不错的时候，她会把它们写下来，这样她就不会忘记它们了。）可知Louisa下定决心改正缺点，把自己关在房间里，编故事写故事，说明她是一个意志坚强的人。故选C。4.B【河北省唐山市第一中学2019-2020学年高三10月调研】MywifeandIwereatacrowdedgrocerystorenotlongago.Itwasaweekdayevening,coldandwet-andtense.Peoplewerecarelesslyblockingaisles,complainingandcuttingoneanotheroffwiththeircarts.Thingsgotworseatthecheckoutline.Thecashierscannedaman'sdiscountcard,buthemisreadthesavingsonherscreenasanadditionalcharge.Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.“Sheisbeingspiteful（恶意的）!”heyelled.“Thisisunbelievable.”Othercustomerslookedawayasthecashiertriedtoreasonwithhim.Shecalledamanager,whoaccompaniedhimtocustomerservice.Shaken,shemovedtothenextcustomerinline.We'veallwitnesseduncomfortablesceneslikethisinpublicplaces.Thegroceryscenewasanotherexampleofhowourtrustinothershaseroded.Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith-startingwithjustoneperson.Backatthegrocerystore,mywifeandIreachedouruneasycashier.Igrabbedabottleofwaterfromanearbycoolerandhandedittoher.“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.”Isaid.Herfacelitup,andwetalkedasshescannedouritems.Shetoldusshehadbeenworkingthateveningthroughseverefootpainandwouldbehavingsurgerylaterthatweek.Wewishedherwellinherrecovery,andshethankedusasweleft.Thosearethebalancingacts,themomentsofrespondingsocialandemotionalpainwithhealing,whichwilladduptorestoretrustamongpeople.Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.Whydidthemanatthecheckoutlinearguewiththecashier?Thecashiercalledamanagertohelpher.Someonejumpedthequeuewaitingtocheckout.Therewassomethingwrongwithhisdiscountcard.Hebelievedthecashierchargedhimmoreonpurpose.Theunderlinedword“eroded”inParagraph5probablymeans.changedB.increasedC.fadedD.formedTheauthorboughtabottleofwaterforthecashierbecause.A.hethoughtthecashiermightfeelalittlebitthirstyheknewshehadgonethroughmuchtroublerecentlyhewantedtorestorethetrustbetweenherandthemanhewantedtocomfortheraftertheterribleexperiencejustnowThelastparagraphinthepassageisintendedto.addawarningB.makeasuggestionC.introduceatopicD.presentanargument【答案】25.D26.C27.D28.B【解析】这是一篇记叙文。讲述了作者和妻子在百货商场遇到的一桩关于人与人之间相互信任的故事。细节理解题。第二段最后一句“Hedecidedshewasactingdeliberatelyandbegantoargue.可知收银台前的那个人和收银员争吵的因为是他断定她是故意的，故选D。词义猜测题。根据后文“Butitwasalsoateachablemomentonhowwecanrebuildourfaith-startingwithjustoneperson.”可知，因为信任正在“慢慢消失”因此需要“重建”，故选C。细节理解题。第六段第三句“Wefeltbadabouthowthatmantreatedyouandwantedtobuythisforyou.'可知作者为收银员买了一瓶水的原因是想为她刚刚糟糕的经历安慰她，故选D。推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“Youcanstartthatpatterninsomeoneelse'slife,eveninaplaceasordinaryastheneighborhoodgrocerystore.”可知最后一段，作者提出你可以在别人的生活中开始这种模式，是在提出建议。故选B。5.D【广东省惠州市2019-2020学年高三上学期第一次调研】TOKYO,June8(Xinhua)--TheBeijingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicsWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,TokyoonSaturdaytointroducethelatestdevelopmentsinpreparationfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022,waspartof"BeijingWeek",aseriesofactivitiestocommemoratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo.Ontheexhibitionwallwithanareaof33squaremeters,Beijng2022organizersshowcasedfiveaspectsincludingtheBeijingWinterOlympicsvision,Beijing'swintersportstradition,emblem(2jofBeijing2022,competitionplanningandtheNationalSpeedSkatingOval.Atthesametime,oldphotosoftheChineseandJapaneseicehockeyteamsechoedthe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenthetwocitiesandthethemeoftheBeijingWinterOlympics.666666ThepromotionvideosoftheBeijing2022emblems,aswellasotherrelatedvideoclips,drewgreatinterestoftheaudience.The"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiondisplayedsomeoftheWinterOlympicvenues,showingtheprogressofthepreparationsfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.Meanwhile,sandtable,VRglassesandthe"BeijingWinterOlympicsBrochure"arealsoprovidedtolettheaudiencevisuallyexperiencetheuniquecharmoftheNationalSpeedSkatingOvalandthefeaturesofothercompetitionvenues.ChangYuDirectorGeneraloftheMediaandCommunicationsDepartmentoftheBeijingWinterOlympicOrganizingCommittee,introducedtheprogressofthepreparations2022andthevisionofcooperationbetweenBeijing2022andTokyo2020.ChangYusaidthattheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommitteestayscommittedtowiththeaimofdeliveringahostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanner,withanaimofdeliveringafantastic,extraordinaryandexcellentOlympiceventtotheworld.TheBeijingWinterOlympicswillopenonFebruary4,2022.whichwillfeature'sports,15disciplinesand109events.Howwasthepromotioneventcarriedout?ByadvertisingonTVinBeijingandTokyo.BysendingoffbrochurestocitizensinTokyo.ByprovidingvariousvisualexperiencesD.ThroughtoursallaroundTokyo.Theunderlinedword"commemorate"inparagraph2isclosestinmeaningtocelebrateB.appreciateCcompareD.combineWhatcanbeinferredfromChangYu'sintroduction?BeijingwillhosttheOlympicsearlierthanTokyo.Beijingiswellpreparedforthe2022eventBeijing2022provesagreatsuccess.Beijing2022willbeenvironmental-friendly.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthispassage?A.TheSister-CityAnniversarybetweenBeijingandTokyoBeijing2022PromotionEventinTokyoBeijingandTokyo,FriendshipForeverPreparationsforBeijing2022Olympic【答案】12.C13.A14.D15.B【解析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了2022年冬奥会和残奥会组委在日本首都东京进行了宣传工作，介绍了北京冬奥会筹备工作的最新进展。细节理解题。根据文章第二段的Thepromotionevent,whichusedanexhibitionwallandthe"CharmingBeijing"photoexhibitiontoshowcasethepreparationsofBeijing2022（,宣传活动是利用展览墙和“美丽北京”的图片来展示北京2022年的筹备工作）可知，筹备工作的展示主要是通过照片和图片。C.Byprovidingvariousvisualexperiences（通过提供各种各样的视觉体验）符合以上说法。故选C项。词义猜测题。文章第二段aseriesofactivitiestocommemoratethe40thanniversaryoftheestablishmentofsister-cityrelationsbetweenBeijingandTokyo.一系列的活动来纪念中日友好城市关系建立40周年）中的40thanniversary（40周年）可推测commemorate的意思是庆祝。故选A项。推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段的ChangYusaidthattheBeijingWinterOlympicsOrganizingCommitteestayscommittedtowiththeaimofdeliveringahostingtheGamesinagreen,inclusive,openandcleanmanne（r,常玉说北京冬奥组织委员会致力于以绿色，包容，开放，清洁的方式举办一届奥运会）可知，北京冬季好运会是环保的。D.Beijing2022willbeenvironmental-friendly.（2022北京奥运会将会是亲环境的）符合以上说法。故选D项。主旨大意题。因为本文是新闻报道，所以主旨大意在第一段。根据第一段的TheBeiingOrganizingCommitteeofthe2022OlympicandParalympicsWinterGamesheldapromotioneventintheJapanesecapital,TokyoonSaturdaytointroducethelatestdevelopmentsinpreparationfortheBeijingWinterOlympics.（周六2022年冬奥会和残奥会北京奥组委在日本首都东京进行了宣传工作，介绍了北京冬奥会筹备工作的最新进展。）可知，本文主要讲北京奥委会在日本东京的宣传工作。B.Beijing2022PromotionEventinTokyo（北京2022年冬奥会在东京的宣传）符合题意。故选B项。6.C【2019年四川省雅安市高三第三次诊断】NASAhasanewjoblisting,andit'snojoke.TheUSspaceagencyislookingfora"joker"tojointheirplannedmissiontoMars.AmissiontoMarsisnolaughingmatter.Onaverage,es(225millionkilometers)awayfromEarth.Atriptherewouldtakearoundeightmonthsinasmallspacecraft.AndMarshasacommunicationsdelayof20minutes.Thismeansthatastronautswillhavetowait20minutesforareply,whenanemergencyhappens."Whenyou'relivingwithothersinaconfinedspaceforalongperiodoftime,suchasonamissiontoMars,problemsarelikelytooccur,"JeffreyJohnson,ascientistattheUniversityofFlorida,toldTheGuardian.ThisisprobablywhyNASAwantsanastronautwithasenseofhumor."Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether,"Johnsonsaid.Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress.Thenwecanfocusonourjobsinsteadofjustworrying.Thereareotherexamplesofteam"clowns".OneexampleisthejourneytotheSouthPoleledbyNorwegianexplorerRoaldAmundsen.Itwasadifficultjourney.fullofdanger.AdolfLindstrom,acookatAmundsen'steam,wasa"clown".Hemadepeoplelaughthroughthewholejourney.AmundsenlaterwrotethatLindstromwasthemostvaluablememberoftheteam.Butifyou'rehopingthatyourfavoriteTVcomedianwillflytoMars,thatprobablywon'thappen."Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."Besides,theymustbeintopphysicalcondition.WhatisNASA'snewjoblisting?A.Afunnyengineer.B.Atalentedclown.C.Agoodcook.D.Apopularcomedian.Whatdoes“aconfinedspace”inParagraph3refertoA.afullspaceB.anemptyspaceC.anopenspaceD.asmallspace.Howdoestheauthorthinkhumorcanhelpastronauts？Itcanstopthemfromfeelingbored.Itcanpromoteteamworkonamission.Itcanmakethemfeellesshomesick.Itcanhelpthemknowthemselvesbetter.What'stheauthor'spurposeofgivingtheexampleofthecook？A.Totellusthatwhatexplorerseatontheirjourneyisveryimportant.Toprovethatanamateurcanplayamoreimportantrolethanaprofessional.Tomakethepointthathumorouspeoplecancheerpeopleupindifficultsituations.TorevealthatamissiontoMarsismoredifficultthanajourneytotheSouthPole.【答案】8.A9.D10.B11.C【解析】本文是一篇说明文，由美国宇航局寻找一位幽默的工程师来和宇航员一起执行航天任务介绍了幽默对宇航员的重要作用。细节理解题。根据倒数第二段“"Beingfunnywon'tbeenoughtolandsomebodythejob,"Johnsonsaid."Theyalsoneedtobeanexcellentengineer."”可知，美国宇航局的新工作是幽默的工程师，故A项正确。词义猜测题。根据画线词后的“suchasonamissiontoMars,”可知，与在地球上生活的宽广空间不同，在火星任务中，你需要和其他人一起在狭小的航天器内生活很长一段时间，由此可知画线词词义为“狭小的空间、有限的空间”，故D项正确。推理判断题。根据第四段中的“Theseare.peoplethathavetheabilitytopulleveryonetogether可知，幽默的人有能力把每个人都团结在一起，也就是说幽默能够促进宇航员在任务中的团队合作，故B项正确。推理判断题。根据第五段中的“Instressfulsituations,perhapshumorisawaytoknowwearen'talone.Bylaughingtogether,weshareourstress”可知，在压力大的情况下，幽默是一种减压的方式，第六段第一句话又说有很多团队小丑的例子，紧接着举厨师的例子就是为了证明这一点，即：幽默的人能使人在困难的情况下振作起来，故C项正确。7.B【安徽省“江淮十校”2019-2020年高三上学期第一次联考】AdisastrousfiresurroundedNotreDame巴黎圣母院）completelyanddestroyedlargepartsoftheGothic（哥特式的architectureonMonday“NotreDameisourhistory,ourliterature;partofourspirit,theplaceofallourgreatevents,ourwars,ourliberations,thecenterofourlives"FrenchPresidentEmmanuelMacrontoldreportersinfrontofthestillburningParislandmarkandpromisedtorebuildNotreDameCathedral.“NotreDameisburning,andknowthesadnessandthistremblefeltbysomanyfellowFrenchpeople.Buttonight,I'dliketospeakofhopetoo,"hesaid,announcingthelaunchofafundraisingcampaign.“Let'sbeproud,becausewebuiltthiscathedralmorethan800yearsago,we'vebuiltitand,throughoutthecenturies,letitgrowandimproveit.SoIgravelysaytonight:wewillrebuildittogether,”headded.Thedisastrousfireengulfed（吞没）theupperreachesofParis'toweringNotreDameCathedralasitwasundergoingrenovations（翻新）。TouristsandParisianslookedonhorrifiedfromthestreetsbelow.France'sInteriorMinistrysaidfirefightersmightnotbeabletosavethestructure.Thefirecollapsedthecathedrals＇spire尖顶）andspreadtooneofitslandmarktowers"Everythingisburning;nothingwillremainfromtheframe,"NotreDamespokesmanAndreFinottoldFrenchmedia.The12th-centurycathedralishometoincalculableworksofartandisoneoftheworld'smostfamoustouristattractions,immortalizedbyVictorHugo'1831novelTheHunchbackofNotreDame.Thecauseofthefirewasnotknown,butFrenchmediaquotedtheParisfirebrigade（消防队）assayingthefireis“potentiallylinked"toa6million—euro（$6.88million）renovationprojectonthechurch'sspireandits250tonsoflead.OfficialsopenedaninvestigationasParispolicesaidtherewerenoreporteddeaths.Some400firefighterswerebattlingthefirewellintothenight.WhatEmmanuelMacronsaidmainlyshowsthat（）NotreDamewasthesymbolofParisinhistory.TheFrenchgovernmentaregoingtorebuildNotreDame.Ittookmorethan800yearstobuildNotreDame.Hewasdesperatewhenhemadetheannouncement.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?NotreDameCathedralwasburntdownentirely.Thestructurewaswellsavedbythefirefighters.Peoplewhowerekilledinthefirearesomefirefighters.Thefirewaslikelycausedbyarenovationprojectonthechurch'sspire.Whatdoestheunderlinedpartprobablymean?Thenovelmadethecathedralfamous.Thecathedralisrepeatedlymentionedinthenovel.Thenovelbecameabestsellerthankstothecathedral.Thenovelbecamemoremysteriousduetothecathedral.Whatisthetoneoftheauthorinwritingthearticle?A.Disappointed.B.Humorous.C.Matter-of-fact.D.Critical.【答案】24.B25.D26.A27.C【分析】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了法国总统在燃烧的巴黎圣母院前的讲话、巴黎圣母院的重要性、闻名原因以及对失火原因的调查。推理判断题。由题干中“WhatEmmanuelMacronsaid"可将答案定位在文章2〜4段内。文章第二段中法国总统说的话是表示巴黎圣母院在人们心中的重要地位，由本段最后一句话可知，下边两段主要是总统表达了重建巴黎圣母院的信心。再由第三段尾句“announcingthelaunchofafhndraisingcampaign（宣布集资开始）”可知，总统就是想让大家知道他们一定要重建巴黎圣母院。故选B。细节理解题。由最后一段中的thefireis“potentiallylinked"toa6million-euro（$6.8million）renovationprojectonthechurch'sspireandits250tonsoflead.可知，这场大火与塔尖正在翻新的项目有关。故选D。词句猜测题。immortalized意为“使永恒，使不朽，使名垂千古，。所以这句话的意思是雨果的《巴黎圣母院》这部小说使得巴黎圣母院作为旅游景点，永垂不朽。故选A。推理判断题。综合全文，可看出作者是在客观描述大火以及领导人及市民的反应。A.Disappointed失望的；B.Humorous幽默的；C.Matter-of-fact.事实上，实际上的；D.Critical批评的，故选C。8.B【2020届8月贵州省贵阳市普通高中高三摸底】Astheoldsayinggoes,“Don'tjudgeabookbyitscover.”Andneithershouldwejudgemoviestarsbytheirages.Atjust21，ElleFanningmadehistorybybecomingtheyoungestjury（评审团）memberattheCannesFilmFestival.ThisyearitlastedfromMay14thtoMay25th.“Iwasincompletesh