医学英语药理学

unit7pharmacologyContentsPharmacologyword4123SentenceReceptorPharmacologyPharmacologyisthestudyofdruginteractionwithhumanbodyandtheroleofthediscipline药理学是研究药物与机体的相互作用及作用规律的学科。ThedevelopmentofPharmacology藥InChinaAboutQindynasty《神农本草经》Yuandynasty《新修本草》Mingdynasty《本草纲目》药王孙思邈Theclass1.Pharmacokinetics药物代谢动力学2.Pharmacodynamics药物效应动力学Pharmacology药理学Wordformation单词drug药物many多round围绕,环绕inside里面的前缀(prefix)pharmaco-药poly-多,多数para-旁,周,障碍endo-内,内膜复合词pharmacodiagnosisn药物诊断polyclonaladj多细胞的paranephricadj肾旁的endometryn内腔容积测定法pharmacodynamicadj药效的polyasen多糖酶,聚合酶parahepaticadj肝旁的endopathyn内因病pharmacopeian处方汇编,药典polycythemian红细胞增多症paracystitisn膀胱周炎endotoxinn内毒素nowconceptAunifyingHistoryofreceptorsReceptivesubstancesubstance18781905ChaintheoryTargetsPharmacologyisahybridscince.JhonNewportLangleyandPaulEhrlichhavearisentheconceptofreceptor:acentraltheorem.药理学是一门混合的科学，JhonNewportLangley和PaulEhrlich提出了受体的概念：一个中心理论。LangleyEhrlich

WhenIamundergraduate,IstudedtheantagonismbyatropineofthecontractileeffectsofpilocarpineonsmoothmuscleIhaveaassumption!!!!!!!Thereisasubstanceorsubstancesinthenerveendingorglandcellswithwhichbothatropineandpilocarpinearecapableofformingcompounds.MyM.D.ehrlichwasthehistologicalutiilityofcertainvitaldyes.ThenIpostulatedthatadrugcanhaveatherapeuticeffectonlyifithas”therightsortofaffinity”.WiththreedecadesstudyIconcludedthatthedrugdidnotactdirectlyonthenerveendingoron

themuscle.itcombinesomethingwhichIcalledit“receptivesubstance”Icalleditchaintheory.ButIresistedtheapplicaationofittodrug-tissueinteractionsingeneral.Youareright.TodayreceptortheoryWithdevelopmentofscince,amodernstatementofthereceptortheoremisthatofGoldstein,AronowandKalman:in

general,adrugproducesaparticulareffectbycombingchemicallywithsomespecificmolecularconstituentofthebiologicalsystemuponwhichitacts.随着科学的发展，德斯坦，艾若诺和卡尔曼提出了一个当代的受体理论：一般来说，药物产生特殊的效果，结合化学与一些特定的分子成分的生物系统对它的作用。SentenceanalysisTheease(主语)<withwhichdrugandreceptor

interact>(定语从句)isinfluenced（谓语）bythedegreeofcomplementarity（补充，补足）oftheirrespective（各自的，分别的）three-dimensionalstructures

.药物与受体结合的难易程度受它们各自的空间结构互补程度的影响。SentenceanalysisForthisreason,minorchemicalmodificationofadrug（主语）mayproduce(谓语)profoundchanges（宾语）initspharmacologicalactivity.由于这个原因，在药动学方面药物的化学结构很小的改动都会产生很大的影响。SentenceanalysisIt（主语）isappropriate,therefore,thattheconceptofreceptors（宾语从句的主语）,acentraltheoremofpharmacology(同位语)，shouldhavearisenfrom（shouldhavedonesth译为本来应该做某事，做谓语）theworkofJohnNewportLangley,aphysiologist,andPaulEhrlich,apolymath

bestremembered（过去分词做后置定语）forhisworkinimmunologyandinthechemotherapyofsyphilis（状语）.（apolymath做同位语）因此，在生理学家JohnNewportLangley和PaulEhrlich的努力工作下，后者因致力于免疫学和梅毒的化学疗法而被人们所熟知，受体的概念作为药理学的核心定理被提出来是理所当然的。SentenceanalysisOnthisassumptionthentheatropineandpilocarpinecompounds（主句主语）areformed（谓语）according（v-ing做伴随状语）tosomelaw（定语从句先行词）ofwhich（引导定语从句）theirrelativemass(相对质量)andchemicalaffinity（化学亲和力）【定语从句的主语】forthesubstance（状语）are（定语从句谓语）facors（定语从句的宾语）在这个假设中，根据一些定理那些物质的相对质量和它们的化学亲和力都会影响阿托品和普鲁卡因复合物的形成。Sentenceanalysis（Hewas）Impressedbythespecificitywithwhich（引导定语从句）dyesinteractwithtissues,hepostulatedthat（引导宾语从句）