【创新设计】高考英语总复习 52Unit 2 The environment（江苏专用）

Unit2Theenvironment

Ⅰ.单词默写1．debate

n．&vi.辩论；争论；讨论2．recycle

vt.&vi.回收利用3．pump

vt.&vi.用泵(或泵样器官等)输送；涌出，涌流n．泵；抽水机；打气筒4．customs

n．海关；关税5．conflict

vi.

冲突；抵触n．冲突；矛盾6．administration

n．管理；管理部门；施行；(美国)政府7．illegal

adj.违法的，非法的8．electrical

adj.电的；用电的9．particular

adj.专指的，特指的；特别的；讲究的；挑剔的10．absorb

vt.吸收；理解；使全神贯注11．belief

n．astrongfeelingthatsthistrue12．operate

v．tomanageandrunabusiness13．decrease

vt.&vi.tobecomeormakesthbecomesmallerinsize，number，etc.14．measure

n．anofficialactionthatisdoneinordertoachieveaparticularaim15．appreciate

vt.tobegratefulforsththatsbhasdoneⅡ.词汇拓展1．productionn．生产→product

n．产品→productive

adj.能产的；多产的→produce

v．生产→producer

n．生产者；制作者；制片人2．responsibilityn．责任，职责→responsible

adj.负责的→irresponsible

adj.不负责任的3．environmentalistn．环境保护论者；环境论者→environmental

adj.环境的；与环境有关的→environment

n．环境→environmentally

adv.环境上；与环境有关地4．conservationn．保护；保存→conserve

vt.保护(自然资源等)5．technicaladj.技术的→technique

n．技术→technician

n．技术人员，技师语境助记——词不离句，句不离段Weallappreciatethemeasureforaforestreserve，whereparticularlyillegalcuttingisprohibited.AsfarasI'mconcerned，weshouldtaketheresponsibilityandconserveourenvironment.Ⅲ.短语落实1．openthefloor自由发言2．beconcernedabout关心；挂念3．allowsbtodosth允许某人做某事4．runout(of)用完；耗尽5．changebackinto恢复原状；还原；复原6．doresearchinto/on调查；研究7．drawaconclusion得出结论8．getintotrouble陷入麻烦9．doone'spart尽自己的职责10．inthiscase在这种情况下Ⅳ.句子翻译1．Whenpeoplethinkoffactories，theythinkofcloudsofdirtysmokeorpipespouringchemicalwasteintoriver.(Page23)一想到工厂，人们就会想到污浊的滚滚浓烟或向河流倾泻化学废物的管道。2．Peopleoftenhavethisbeliefthatdevelopmentisbadfortheenvironment，butthisdoesnothavetobetrue.(Page23)人们常常认为经济发展对环境有害，但这不一定是正确的。3．Askingaround，Ifindmanypeoplewillingtopayalittlehigherpricesforthingsthatarefriendlytotheenvironment.(Page23)我问过周围的人，发现许多人都愿意支付稍高一些的价钱来购买环保产品。4．之后我们将展开自由讨论。(Page22)Thenwewillopenthefloorfordiscussion.5．我今天首先要对你们谈的是化学废物如何破坏世界上的大片区域。(Page22)FirstIamtalkingtoyoutodayaboutthewayvastareasoftheworldaredamagedbychemicalwaste.Ⅴ.教材设题句型转换(每空不超过3个单词)1．Whilewedamageourenvironment，wekeepproducingmoreandmorepeoplewhoneedmorelandtoliveonandmorefoodtoeat！(教材P22)→Damaging

ourenvironment/Whiledamagingenvironment，wekeepproducingmoreandmorepeoplewhoneedmorelandtoliveonandmorefoodtoeat!2．However，Idoagreethatweshouldproducemorethingsfrommaterialsthathavebeenrecycled，andlessfromrawmaterials，thesupplyofwhichisgrowingsmallerandsmaller.(教材P23)→However，Idoagreethatweshouldproducemorethingsfromrecycledmaterials，andlessfromrawmaterials，thesupplyofwhichisgrowingsmallerandsmaller.3．Thosefactorieswhichpollutetheenvironmentshouldhavetopayhighertaxes.(教材P23)→Thosefactoriespollutingtheenvironmentshouldhavetopayhighertaxes.4．ThisisnotgoodnewsforthepeoplewhorelyontheYangtzeRiverforwater.(教材P38)→Thisisnotgoodnewsforthepeoplewhoaregiven/offeredwaterbytheYangtzeRiver.5．WestillhavealongwaytogotosolvealltheproblemsinregardtotheYangtzeRiver.(教材P38)→Wemusttakemanymeasures(steps)/domanythingstosolvealltheproblemsinregardtotheYangtzeRiver.【课本原句】Today'sdebatequestionis“Theeconomyortheenvironment—mustwechoose？”(P22)今天辩论的话题是“要经济还是环境——我们必须得做出选择吗？”

debatevi.&n．辩论，争辩，争论debateon/about...就……辩论debatewithsbaboutsth和某人就某事讨论debatewhethertodosth/debatewhether＋从句考虑，讨论是否……haveadebate进行讨论open/closeadebate开始/终止辩论underdebate在讨论中辨析debate/quarrel/argue/disscuss(1)quarrel是指因为对某事不喜欢或强烈不满而发生的“争吵”或“吵架”，常用结构为：quarrelwithsb；quarrelaboutsth。(2)argue是指一方着重就自己的看法或观点提出论证，并就此同对方“争论”或“争辩”，常用结构为：arguewithsbabout/oversth。(3)debate多指在公开，正式场合各自陈述理由，内含“交锋”的意思。(4)discuss指为了解决问题或弄清对方的观点而进行的讨论，磋商。 ——看看高考怎么考①Recentlyasurveycomparingpricesofthesamegoodsintwodifferentsupermarketshascausedheateddebate(引起热烈的讨论)amongcitizens.(2011·江苏卷·单项填空31)②Theministersaid，“Wearereadyfordiscussionswithanylegalparties，butwe'llnever______withcriminals.”(2011·湖北卷·单项填空27)A．negotiateB．quarrelC．argueD．consult答案A介词填空③Asyettherehasbeenlittlepublicdebateontheseissues.④Thewholequestionofcompensationisstillunderdebate.【课本原句】Thefigureisnowapproaching6.5billionpeople！(P22)这个数字现在接近65亿！figurethat...认为……figuresthout想出；理解；计算出figuresbout弄明白；看透；理解figureouthow/what...想出……

figuren．数字 ——看看高考怎么考①HoweverthistimearoundImanagedtoreachthestopsignwitheaseandIfigured(认为)Iwouldgoalittlefurther.(2011·湖南卷·阅读表达)②Becauseleadersarepublicfigures(人物)，theirapologiesarelikelytobepersonallyuncomfortableandevenprofessionallyrisky.

(2011·江苏卷·任务型阅读)翻译句子③我认为他喝醉了，不应该让他开车。Ifigured

thathewasdrunkandshouldn'tbeallowedtodrive.④她推断他会在星期二离开。ShefigureoutthathewasleavingonTuseday.【课本原句】Itwouldbeashameiftheyweredestroyedbecauseofpeople'sactivitiesthere.(P29)如果它们被人类在公园的活动所毁灭，该是一件多么令人惋惜的事啊。It'sashamethat...真遗憾……whatashame!真可惜！bringshameonsb使某人蒙羞toone'sshame使某人感到惭愧的是inshame惭愧地beashamedof...感到羞愧；以……为耻

shamen．羞愧；惭愧；可耻的事；惋惜的事 ——看看高考怎么考①That'sa_shame(一种耻辱)，becausemattersconcerningthehealthoftheplanetarefartooimportanttobetreatedlightly.

(2011·重庆卷·阅读理解E)翻译句子②真遗憾，你们这么快就走了。It'sashamethatyouhavetoleave

sosoon.③他的妻子使他羞愧得只好把钱交回去。Hiswifehamedhimintohanding

themoneyback.【课本原句】WebelievethattheeffortsoftheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeopletoprotestthismuch－lovedriverwillbeappreciatedforyearstocomebyfuturegeneration.(P38)我们相信，中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流而做出的努力将在未来数年内得到后人的肯定和赞赏。

effortn．努力makeanefforttodosth努力做某事sparenoeffort不遗余力makeeveryeffort(todo)尽一切努力(做)withaneffort费力地，使劲儿地withouteffort毫不费劲地 ——看看高考怎么考①Dealswillbestrucktoreducetheimmediateeffects(降低即时影响)．(2011·北京卷·阅读理解D)②Hesparednoeffort(不遗余力)tosavethepatient.③Everyeffort______todealwiththeissuesyouraisedatthemeeting.(2012·湖南石门一中高三摸底考试)A．ismaking B．wasdoingC．isbeingmade D．isgiven答案C【课本原句】WebelievethattheeffortsoftheChinesegovernmentandtheChinesepeopletoprotestthismuch－lovedriverwillbeappreciatedforyearstocomebyfuturegeneration.(P38)我们相信，中国政府和人民为保护这条他们所挚爱的河流而做出的努力将在未来数年内得到后人的肯定和赞赏。

appreciatevt.赏识，欣赏；感激appreciatesth欣赏/赏识/感激某事物appreciatedoingsth感激做某事appreciateone/one'sdoingsth感激某人做某事Iwouldappreciateitif...如果……我将不胜感激appreciationn.赏识，欣赏；感激 ——看看高考怎么考①It'shardforpeopletoappreciate(欣赏)Blues.(2011·福建卷·阅读理解B)②Shetookmetothetheatre—notjustchildren'stheatrebutadultcomediesanddramas—andherfaiththatIcouldappreciate(赏识)adultplayswasnotdisappointed.(2011·上海卷·阅读理解A)③Idon'tappreciatebeingtreated(愿被当作)asasecond－classcitizen.④Iwouldappreciate______verymuchifyouloadthefilesforme.(2012·邵东创新实验学校10月份月考)A．itB．youC．thatD．one答案A【课本原句】Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.(P22)我的建议是我们应该尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买的物品的数量。

cutbackon减少；消减【联想拓展】cutacross抄近路通过cutaway切除；剪掉；割断cutin插嘴；让(某人)分享利润cutoff中断，停掉；割断，剪掉；阻碍，堵塞cutdown消减；砍倒；杀死(某人)cutup切碎；使伤心 ——看看高考怎么考①Forexample，manycompaniesnowhavetoinvest(投资)alotofmoneyininformationtechnologyandstafftraininginordertocopewiththe“phonerage”—causedbydelaysinansweringcalls，beingcutoff(被中断)inmid­conversationorleftwaitingforlongperiods. (2011·浙江卷·阅读理解C)②Thecitycutdown(削减)ontheworkforcethatkeptthepark，andprettysoonitjustgottoouglyanddirtytoenjoyanymore.

(2010·浙江卷·阅读理解D)③Theyhavecutbackon(削减)steelproductioninrecentmonths.④ThecompanywhereIworkisnotasgoodasbefore，sothemanagerhasdecidedtofiresomeemployeesto______theexpensesofhiscompany.(2012·长沙同升湖实验学校高三期中考试)A．cutoff B．cutawayC．cutup D．cutdown答案D【课本原句】Whatiftheyrunout？(P25)倘若我们用完了空间，该怎么办呢？【联想拓展】runacross＝runinto偶然发现；偶然碰到runafter追赶，追求runfor竞选runover轧过；碾过runaway逃离

runout(of)用完，耗尽

辨析runout/runoutof/useup(1)runout意为“用完了”，为不及物动词短语，其主语通常为时间、食物、金钱等名词。(2)runoutof(＝useup)意为“用完”，为及物动词短语，表示主动含义，主语一般为人。(3)useup意为“用光，用完”。为及物动词短语，表示主动，主语一般为人。 ——看看高考怎么考①TheundergroundwaterinSaudiArabiamightranout(用光)in50years. (2010·安徽卷·阅读理解E73)②Thesetwocandidatesthenrunfor(竞选)presidentinthegeneralelection.③Alongtheway，IrealizedthatIhad______resumes(简历)． (2011·安徽卷·完形填空)A．madeuseof B．takencareofC．runoutof D．becometiredof答案C④Mymoney______.ImustgotothebanktodrawsomeofsavingsoutbeforeI'venoneinhand.(2012·江西临川一中11月份月考)A．hasrunout B．isrunningoutC．hasbeenrunout D．isbeingrunout答案B【课本原句】Towspecialgovernmentprojectsarealsounderway.(P38)两项特别的政府项目也正在进行中。【联想拓展】underconsideration 在考虑中underconstruction 在建设中undercontact 在联系中underdiscussion 在讨论中underexamination 在审查中underinvestigation 在调查中underrepair 在修理中undertrial 在受审中undercontrol 在控制之中

underway在进行中；在前进中 ——看看高考怎么考①Mostofthemealscanservetwopeopleandareunder$10(十美元以下)，sonotonlyisitaffordablebutpracticalaswell.(2011·湖南卷·阅读理解A)②Itisstillunderdiscussion(在讨论中)whethertheoldbusstationshouldbereplacedwithamodernhotelornot.(2011·重庆卷·单项填空22)③______specialgovernmentprojectisunder______waytoprotecttheriver. (2012·江苏省海门市高三考试)A．/；/B．The；aC．A；/D．A.the答案C④—Thenewbuildingis______.—Ihopewe'llmoveintoitbytheendofthisyear.(2012·长沙市一中月考)A．underbeingconstructionB．inconstructionC．onconstructionD．underconstruction答案D【课本原句】Thepopulationoftheriverhasresultedinunsafedrinkingwaterhasledtohealthproblemsforpeoplelivingneartheriver.(P38)河水污染的后果是导致饮用水的不安全，这给生活在长江附近的居民带来各种健康问题。

leadto导致；造成；通向【联想拓展】leadsbtodosth＝causesbtodosth导致某人做某事leadsbto＋n.引导某人……leadasimple/hardlife过着俭朴/艰苦的生活inthelead领先takethelead带头，领先leadto中to为介词，后接名词、代词或动名词作宾语，不接动词原形。 ——满分作文之佳句a．Usingthemouseforalongtimemayleadtopainfulwristsandfingers.b．Around540millionpeopleareaffectedbysecondhandsmoke,whichcauses100,000deathsperyear.c．Usuallynegativeattitudesbringaboutabadmood.d．Thisresultsinitsnotbeingprepared. ——看看高考怎么考①Whatsizeofanorganizationmaylead_to(导致)communicationfailures？ (2011·上海卷·阅读理解D)②Muscle(肌肉)problemsthatcanleadto(导致)kidney(肾脏)problems，includingkidneyfailure.(2010·湖南卷·阅读理解A)③Lookoverthere—there'saverylong，windingpath______uptothehouse. (2011·山东卷·语法和词汇知识27)A．leadingB．leadsC．ledD．tolead答案A④Wefirmlybelievethatwarneversettlesanything.Itonly______violence. (2007·浙江卷·单项填空11)A．runsinto B．comesfromC．leadsto D．beginswith答案C【课本原句】ThisisnotgoodnewsforthepeoplewholiveinallthetownsandcitiesalongtheYangtzeRiverandwhorelyonitforwater.(P38)这对于居住在长江两岸和饮用水需要依赖长江的所有城镇居民来说并不是好消息。relyonsb/sth 依靠某人/某物relyonsbtodosth 依靠/指望某人做某事relyonitthat... 相信/信赖……relyonone'sownefforts/strength 依靠自己努力/力量

relyon依靠，依赖 ——看看高考怎么考①Itwasdarkandrainingheavily，Ceelywasrelying_on(依靠)herGPS，butitmadenomentionofthecrossing.(2011·浙江卷·阅读理解A)②Asktoworkwithadifferentperson，ordon'trely_on(指望)theperson. (2011·广东卷·阅读理解B)③Hecan'tbereliedon(不能指望)totellthetruth.④IthinkIcancome.Butdon't______.(2012·长沙地质中学月考)A．dependonB．relyonitC．wantitD．makeit答案B

mysuggestionisthat...

是一个常用来提出建议的句子，意为

“我的建议是……”。【课本原句】Mysuggestionisthatweshouldtrytocutbackonproductionandreducetheamountofthingswemakeandbuy.(P23)我的建议是，我们应当尽量削减生产，减少制造和购买物品的数量。和动词suggest一样，suggestion后面that从句里需用“(should)＋动词原形”。advice，recommendation，order，request，demand等名词后接表语从句、同位语从句时，从句也常用虚拟语气。 ——看看高考怎么