阅读题型突破之词义猜测课件【知识建构+精准突破】高三英语一轮复习

WordGuessing词义猜测Icannotaffordtomissthislesson！Ifyoucomeacrossnewwordswhenreading,whatwillyoudo?

LookthemupinthedictionaryIgnore/skipthemandcontinuereadingGuessthemeaningDiligentThumbupSelectivelyblindLucymarriedamanwhoownsabigcompanyandhasmillionsofdollars.Heisreallyafatcat.What'sthemeaningoftheunderlinedphrase?AwealthymanAmanwithmuchfortuneWarming-upI

am

the

wealthy

cat!Peterisverylazyandheneverdoeshishomework.Hecangotoauniversitywhenpigsfly.Accordingtothepassage,“whenpigsfly”means__________.impossible

Warming-upNowayOutofthequestionAbsolutelyimpossible!5词义猜测题主要是测试考生利用上下文判断单词、短语或句子在特定语言环境中确切含义的能力，以及it，they，them等判断指代内容，做此类题目，考生要学会“顺藤摸瓜”，“上下取证”，通过构词法，语法逻辑、经验、常识、上下文等线索来确定词义。考点诠释词义猜测题常用的提问方式有：

1．Theunderlinedword/phrase“________”inthethirdparagraphmeans________.

2．Theunderlinedword“________”inthesecondparagraphcanbereplacedby________.

3．Whichofthefollowingisclosesttothemeaningoftheunderlinedword“________”inthelastparagraph?

4．Theunderlinedword“________”inthefourthparagraphrefersto________.1.逻辑关系猜词法3.构词法2.解释说明法4.生活常识和文化背景5.利用上下文语境词义猜测Howtoguess1，2，5为主要方法3，4为辅助方法（脱离文本）提示方法在手，猜词无忧！一、逻辑关系猜词义1同义或近义关系2反义关系(转折)3因果关系Logicalrelation1同义或近义关系synonymousrelationtalkative1.Mr.Greenlovestotalk,andhisbrothersaresimilarlyloquacious.2.“TheDaveyousawonTVwastherealDave,”saysfriendPatWilliams,“Hewasn’tagreatactororagreatspeaker.HewasjustJoeEverybody.”

“HewasjustJoeEverybody.”(inthelastparagraph)means_____.

A.DavewasfamousB.DavewasordinaryC.DavewasstupidD.Davewasshy利用上下文中出现的同义或近义的单词、短语或句子推知生词的意思。常见信号词：and,or,also,as…as，justas,

similarly等小结对点真题：

103.Someplantspumpoutsmellychemicalstokeepinsectsaway.Butothersdodouble.Theypumpoutperfumesdesignedtoattractdifferentinsectswhoarenaturalenemiestotheattackers.Oncetheyarrive,thetablesareturned.Theattackerwhowaslunchingnowbecomeslunch.（2017.全国卷Ⅱ.D)Whatdoestheauthormeanby“thetablesareturned”meaninParagraph3?Theattackersgetattacked.B.Theinsectsgatherunderthetable.C.Theplantsgetreadytofightback.D.Theperfumesattractnaturalenemies.2反义关系(转折)antonymousrelation1.AndrewisoneofthemostsuperciliousmenIknow.Hisbrother,incontrast,isquitehumbleandmodest.2.Itriedhardnottomakeseriousmistakes,butIslippedup.arrogant傲慢的makeanerror表转折关系的词常有如but,while,however,instead(of),ratherthan,unlike,yet,still,

otherwise,though,onthecontrary,

nevertheless,

nonetheless等。小结对点真题：123.GraywolvesoncewereseenhereandthereintheYellowstoneareaandmuchofthecontinentalUnitedStates,buttheyweregraduallydisplacedbyhumandevelopment.Bythe1920s,wolveshadpracticallydisappearedfromtheYellowstonearea.TheywentfarthernorthintothedeepforestsofCanada,wheretherewerefewerhumansaround.（2017课标Ⅲ,C)

Whatdoestheunderlinedword“displaced"inparagraph2mean?A.Tested.B.Separated.C.Forcedout.D.Trackeddown.因果关系cause-and-effect3Allhisattemptstounlockthedoorwasfutile,becauseshewasusingthewrongkey.Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossed

inherreading.invainabsorbed

利用因果关系猜词义，从原因推测结果，从结果推测原因。常见的词或短语：

since,as,because,for,so,thus,consequently,therefore,hence,owingto,thanksto,onaccountof,asaresult/consequenceof,resultin,accordingly,so…that等。

小结对点真题：14Whensomekindofpainkillerwasbroughtoutrecently,researchersfoundthatthecolorsturnedthecustomersoffbecausetheymadetheproductlookweakandineffective.Eventually,itcameonthemarketinadarkblueandwhitepackage-bluebecausewethinkofitassafe,andwhiteascalm.3.Theunderlinedpart“thecolorsturnedthecustomersoff”(inPara.3)meansthatthecolors_____.hadweakeffectsonthecustomersB.trickedthecustomersintoshoppingC.causedthecustomerstoloseinterestD.attractedthecustomersstrongly二、解释说明法

Explanation1下定义2定语从句3同位语4举例5标点符号1下定义definition1.Acalendar

isalistofthedays,weeks,monthsofaparticularyear.

下定义：

is,mean,referto,namely等后的内容是对前面解释说明或由thatis(tosay),inotherwords，toputitanotherway引出一些具体的解释性的短语解释生词。小结日历2.Pantomimereferstoashortplayinwhichnowordsarespoken.哑剧2定语从句AttributiveClause1.Hewasaprestidigitatorwhoentertainedthechildrenbypullingrabbitsoutofhats,swallowingfire,andothersimilartricks.变戏法的人定语从句以及同位语可以起到修饰、限定和解释的作用。小结3同位语Appositive1.AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1874inEdinburgh,Scotland.Hisfatherwasanexpertinphonetics,

thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage.发音学、语音学4举例example

1.…allhavecausedmanylanguagestodisappear,anddominantlanguagessuchasEnglish,SpanishandChineseareincreasinglytakingover.(2018▪全国卷Ⅰ▪C)A.complex.B.advanced.C.powerful.D.modern关注…andwhatnot/soon/soforth/thelike,suchas，forexample，forinstance可以通过所举事例推知前面内容以及冒号、破折号和括号等标点符号!小结5标点符号punctuation1.Weareonthenightshift——frommidnightto7a.m.夜班三、构词法

Formation1合成法2派生法3转化法（考点熟词生义）1.①ill-treat______②single-handed______③color-blind______1合成法compounding虐待独自色盲的2派生法derivation1.Accordingtome,tryingtofindadietthatcancureyourillness,ormakeyousuperwomanisafruitlesssearch.aneffortwithoutresults转化法（考点熟词生意）conversion31.Don’tletyourpersonalfeelingscloudyourjudgment.2.Hewolfeddownthreebowlsofrice.n.—v.模糊n.—v.狼吞虎咽21四、生活常识和文化背景（Commonsense）1.Whenadoctorperformsanoperationonapatient，heusuallygivesananesthetictomakehimunconsciousbecausehedoesnotwanthispatienttofeelpainortoknowwhatishappeningtohim.n.

麻醉剂(药)2.Inolddays,whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands,theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry.

n.嫁妆同学们可以利用生活常识和文化背景进行猜测词义，但每个人已有的知识和经验存在差异，做题时要多结合语境（千万不能想当然，凭经验，一定立足于文本）。小结Adultsunderstandwhatitfeelsliketobefloodedwithobjects.Whydoweoftenassumethatmoreismorewhenitcomestokidsandtheirbelongings？ThegoodnewsisthatIcanhelpmyownkidslearnearlierthanIdidhowtolivemorewithless.1.Whatdothewords“moreismore”inparagraph1probablymean？A.Themore,thebetter.B.Enoughisenough.C.Moremoney,moreworries.D.Earnmoreandspendmore.（2018课标全国Ⅲ，D）

对点真题：

Iguessthatthere'sprobablysomedemandingworkschedule,orsocialanxietyaroundsteppinguptohelpforanunknownsport.Shemayjustneedalittlepersuading.SoItryagainandtugattheheartstrings.ImentionthesingleparentwithfourkidsrunningtheshowandItalkaboutthedadcoachingateamthathiskidsaren'tevenon...Atthispointtheunwillingparentspeaksup,“Alright.Yes,I'lldoit.”(2019课标全国Ⅱ，B)3.Whatdoestheunderlinedphrase“tugattheheartstrings"inparagraph2mean?A.Encourageteamwork.B.Appealtofeelings.C.Promotegooddeeds.D.Provideadvice.五、利用上下文语境（Context）利用上下文语境猜测词义要注意进行全面考虑，结合关键词和词语的搭配等小结词义猜测逻辑关系同义或近义反义（转折）因果解释说明下定义定语从句同位语举例标点符号

构词法合成派生转化文化常识语境不能脱离文本，凭经验MindMap猜测词义题的解题步骤：猜测词义题题涉及选材背景、句型结构、文章主旨、作者观点态度等方面。联系主旨，整合上下文信息是解这类题的关键。

1.要确认所要求猜测单词、短语或句子在文中的位置；2.审读题干，确认猜测点。3.整合上下文信息，确认猜测点与语境之间的关系。4.猜测句子的大致意思。5.比较选择项，确定答案。2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）

26B:…WhileItendtobuyalotofbooks,thesethreeweregiventomeasgifts,whichmightaddtothemeaningIattachtothem.ButIimaginethat,whilemoneyisindeedwonderfulandnecessary,rereadinganauthor’sworkisthehighestcurrencyareadercanpaythem.Thebestbooksaretheonesthatopenfurtherastimepasses.Butremember,it’syouthathastogrowandreadandrereadinordertobetterunderstandyourfriends.26.Whatdoestheunderlinedword＂currency＂inparagraph4referto?A.Debt. B.Reward. C.Allowance(津贴，补助). D.Facevalue.2020年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷II）

C:…

NutriawerebroughttherefromArgentinabyfurfarmersandletgointothewild.“Theecosystemdowntherecan’thandlethisnon-nativespecies.It’sdestroyingtheenvironment.It’sthemorus."saysMichaelMassimi,anexpertinthisfield.Thefurtradekeptnutriacheckfordecades，butwhenthemarketfornutriacollapsed

inthelate1980