Unit 4 Discovering Useful Structures 不定式作定语状语课件【知识建构+高效助教】高中英语人教版（2019）必修第三册

Unit4SpaceExplorationPeriod3DiscoveringUsefulStructures人教版本必修三

不定式作定语和状语

一.不定式作后置定语:1）抽象名词后：way,ability,chance,opportunity,wish,reason,courage...Hehastheabilitytodealwiththematter.2）不定代词后：something,nothing,anything...Thereissomething

totalkabout.(不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系)（不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系）

不定式作定语和状语

3)被修饰的名词前有theonly,thevery,thelast,thenext,thefirst,thebest,以及有序数词，形容词最高级时，用不定式作后置定语Hewasthefirstonetothinkoftheidea.4）当定语表示的是将来要做的事情时，用不定式作后置定语Thestadium

(build)nextyearwillbethelargestoneinourcity.

tobebuilt(不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系)（不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系）（不定式与所修饰的词是主谓关系）

注意：不定式作后置定语时，与它所修饰的词有三种关系:1）不定式与所修饰的词是主谓关系.Heistheonlypersontoknowthetruth.Sheisalwaysthefirst(person)tocomeandthelasttoleave.2）不定式与所修饰的词是动宾关系.Wehavesomething

todiscuss.Therestillremainalotofproblems

tosolve.（thepersonknowsthetruth.主谓关系）（discusssomething.动宾关系）（solveproblems.动宾关系）（thepersoncomesandleaves.主谓关系）

注意：如果不定式中的动词是不及物动词，其后要加相应的介词。Thelittlehasatoytoplay

.Hehasahouse

tolive

.3)不定式与所修饰的词是同位关系,解释说明所修饰词的内容，常见的这类词有plan,effort,ability,chance,decision,way,ambition...Imustkeep

thepromisetopaywithinamonth.

Hehas

anambitiontobecomeaworldchampion.inwithplaywithsb/sthliveinthehouse(promise与paywithinamonth是同位关系)(ambition与becomeaworldchampion是同位关系)1）Mysisterwasthefirstperson

（think）oftheidea.2）LangPingisthefirstpersoninthevolleyball

（win）anOlympicgoldmedalasaplayerandacoach.3）Couldyoucomeupwithabetterway

（solve）thedifficultproblem?4）TheGermangirlhastheability

（learn）Chinesewell.5）Maryhadgreatdetermination___________（achieve）hergoal.6）Ihavesomethingimportant

（tell）you.7）Iwanttogetsomething

（read）inthecomingsummerholidays.8）Mymotherhadlotsofthings

（deal）with.tothink

towin

tosolve

tolearn

toachieve

totell

toread

todeal

二,不定式的主动形式表被动意义1.用于

be+性质adj.+todo结构中，这一结构中用不定式的主动形式表达被动意义。用于此结构的形容词有：easy,difficult,important,nice,pleasant,hard,dangerous,comfortable等；且不定式和句子的主语是动宾关系Thesongishard

（sing）.Thequestioniseasy

（understand）.Ourmonitoriseasy

（get）alongwith.Theproblemisverydifficult

（solve）.

不定式的动词是不及物动词时要加相应的介词。Thechair

iscomfortabletosit

.toget

tosolve

tounderstandtosing

on(sing

thesong)(siton

thechair)(understandthequestion)(getalongwiththeourmonitor)(solvetheproblem)1）Theairinthemorningispleasant

（breathe）.2）Thebookisveryinteresting

（read）.3）Forthosewholikeanimals，thosedogsarehard

（resistv.抗拒）.4）Scientificinformationcanbedifficult_______________（understand）.tobreathe

toread

toresist

tounderstand

2.不定式作后置定语，与被修饰词是动宾关系，且不定式和句子的主语是主谓关系，则不定式用主动表被动。Ihaveameeting

（attend）.

Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）.Ihavealotofclothes

（wash）bymymother.*不定式todo作定语，如果句子主语是人，并且是todo动作的发出者，用主动形式。并且不定式是不及物动词时，要加相应的介词Couldyoubringmeachair

tosit

.Heonlyhasasmallroom

tolive

.Heisapleasantperson

towork

.（自己洗）（妈妈洗）1）toattendthemeeting动宾关系2）Iattend主谓关系toattendto

washtobewashedwithinworkwiththepersonliveintheroomonsitonthechair

二，不定式作目的状语

不定式作目的状语，既可位于句首，也可位于句中。1）

（find）outmoreinformationaboutthecourse，pleasevisitthewebsite.2）Wewilldowhateverwecan

（help）thevictimsoftheearthquake.不定式作目的状语常用inordertodo或soastodo，表示强调，以

使“目的”更加明确。soasto一般不放在句首，否定形式是soasnotto。inorderto可以放在句首或句中，否定形式是inordernotto。

Wewillstartearly

(arrive)intime.Tofind

tohelp

inordertoarrivesoastoarrive

三,不定式作结果状语

（1）动词不定式作结果状语时，常与only连用，强调意料之外的结果。Hehurriedtotheschool,only

(find)nobodythere.shehurriedtothestationonly

(tell)thatthetrainhadgone.

（2）动词不定式作结果状语时,还用于固定搭配中：①too+adj./adv.+todosth.Sheistootiredtojoinusintheclibming.tofind

tobetold

三,不定式作结果状语

注意：too..to结构常表示“太。。而不能”，但当too后跟表示情感的形容词，如ready，pleased，happy等时，too...to这一结构不含否定意义，而表肯定，意为“太……”。Wearetoopleased

（work）togetherwithyou.Heistooready

（help）thehomeless.towork

tohelp

②

adj./adv,+enough+todosth.足够。。做某事，此结构中，不定式表结果Wefoundthestadiumbigenough

（hold）somanypeople.

Isthatroombigenough

(seat)allofus?③

enough+n.+todosth.Ihopethereareenoughbooksforeachstudent

（have）one.haveyougotenoughroom

(seat)allofus?

Wecametothelibraryafterschool，only

（tell）thatitwasbeingdecorated.

Theanimalsbeforetheearthquakeweretoonervous

（eat）.

Shewastooyoung___________（understand）allthat.

tohold

tohave

tobetold

toeat

tounderstand

toseattoseat要点三不定式作原因状语：（在表示心理活动的adj后,如ashamed，surprised，frightened，shocked，delighted，disappointed等）Youmaybesurprised