高考英语语法专项讲义：虚拟语气难点精讲

高考英语语法专项讲义：虚拟语气难点精讲简明概述：虚拟语气是指说话人讲话的内容与现实或事实相反，是一种主观假想的情况。时态：可表示过去、现在和将来，特征是时态相应退后。1.与现在事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般现在时改为

一般过去时

注：be动词一律改为wereshould/would/could/might+动词原形例句：Ifthere

were

anEnglishdictionary,we

could

consultitforthisdifficultword.Ifmybiggerbrother

were

here,he

would

dousafavortomovetheheavybox.2.与过去事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时改为

过去完成时should/would/could/might+have+过去分词例句：Ifhe

had

studied

morediligently,he

wouldhavepassed

theexamundoubtedly.Ifmyfavoriteteacher

hadbeenhere

yesterday,

I

wouldhavepaid

moreattentiontothelesson.Ifthechild

hadbeen

morecareful,he

wouldnothavemade

suchafoolishmistake.3.与将来事实相反的主观假设：条件从句主句一般过去时注：be动词一律改为wereshould/would/could/might+动词原形were+todosthshould+动词原形例句：Ifyou

made

greatprogressinthenearfuture,you

should

notforgetyourteachers.Ifyou

wereto

makegreatprogressinthenearfuture,you

should

notforgetyourteachers.Ifyou

should

makegreatprogressinthenearfuture,you

should

begratefultoyourteachers.混合条件句：主句和条件从句所发生的时间点不一致，这个时候就需要根据各自的时态进行倒退来做相应修改。例句：Ifyou

hadfinished

yourhomeworkbyyourselfyesterday（过去）,you

wouldnot

copyother’sanswersinahurry（现在）.Ifyou

hadasked

yourmotherhowtocooklastweek（过去）,you

would

knowclearlyeachcookingstepofthedish（现在）.虚拟语气的倒装如果从句中有were，should，had，则需要倒装。倒装方法：将if省略，再把were，should，had挪到从句的句首。

注：如果从句中没有were，should，had，则不能省略if，也不可倒装。例句：原句：Ifmy

bigger

brother

were

here,hewould

helpus

tomovetheheavybox.倒装：Were

my

bigger

brotherhere,hewould

helpus

tomovetheheavybox.原句：Ifthechild

had

beenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.倒装：Had

thechildbeenmorecareful,hewouldnothavemadesuchafoolishmistake.原句：Ifyou

should

makegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.倒装：Should

youmakegreatprogressinthenearfuture,youshouldbegratefultoyourteachers.虚拟语气词：should很简单，三种形式（1）Itissuggested/requested/ordered,etc.（具有命令，建议，要求等口吻的动词过去分词）+thatsbshould（should可省略）do（动词原形）sth.

注：这类动词还可以有其他三种从句形式来代替。例如：原句：Itissuggestedthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.宾语从句：

Isuggestthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.

表语从句：

Mysuggestionisthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.

同位语从句：

I

providedasuggestionthatstudents(should)usedictionaryinexam.（2）Itisnecessary/important/indispensable,etc.（带有主观色彩的形容词）+thatsb(should)dosth.（3）Itisapity/ashame,etc.（名词性词组）+thatsb(should)dosth.虚拟语气特殊句型：Itishigh（high可省略）timethat

…

该是……的时候了“that

…”从句动词可以用（1）过去时（2）should（不能省略）+动词原形例句：Itis(high)timethatwe

should

drawupacontract.Itis(high)timethatwedrewupa

contract.（草拟合同）含蓄虚拟语气除了常规的连词if以外，还可以借助其他介词、介词词组、句子来引导虚拟语气从句。

Without“要是没有……”例句：Without

therescueoffirefighterstimely,ourliveswouldnothavebeensaved.Butfor“要不是……”例句：Butfor

yourprofessionalhelp,

I

couldnothaveachievedsuchabigprogressin

medicalcommunity.Under…

“在某种情况下……”例句：Undersuchcircumstances,thecriminalwouldnothaveperpetratedactsofviolenceuponchildren.With…

“有……的前提下”例句：With

thedatacollectedonemonthearlier,wecouldfinishtheprojectmoreefficiently.Intheabsenceof

…

“如果没有……”例句：Intheabsenceof

law,womenwouldcontinuetolacktheirrightstovoteon

their

own.Otherwise“否则”例句：We

didn’t

knowhiseducational

background

andachievementinthisfield,

otherwise

wewouldhavefiredhim.Ifitwerenotfor

…

“要不是……（用于现在的情况）”例句：Ifitwerenotfor

thebrilliantguidanceof

theCommunistPartyofChina,wecouldnotleadahappylife.Ifithadnotbeenfor

…

“要不是……（用于过去/已经发生的情况）”例句：Ifithadnotbeenfor

myillness,

I

wouldhaveattendedthisimportantmeetinglastMonday.倒装：Haditnotbeenfor

myillness,

I

wouldhaveattendedthisimportantmeetinglastMonday.9.asif/asthough…“好像…似的”按照具体的语境，既可以用虚拟语气（表示与实际情况相反、主观臆断）、也可以用陈述语气（表示实现的可能性较大或所说情况即是事实）例句：Timecantakeawayourhappiness

and

sadness

asif/though

it

was

endowedwithmagicpower.（与现在事实相反的虚拟语气）My

teacher

hascontributedherselfalot

asif/though

she

was

acandle,whichlightsothers

and

consumesitself.（与现在事实相反的虚拟