新概念英语第二册语法-“介词 关系代词”引导的定语从句

“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句，是定语从句语法学习的重点和难点。这是一种介词前置的定语从句句型，介词与关系代词之间存在一种介宾关系。当关系代词在定语从句中作介词定语时，把介词置于关系代词前，即演变出“介词+关系代词”句型。例如：Themanwhom\who\that\\youshouldwritetoisMr.White.(whom作to的宾语，to在谓语动词之后)=ThemantowhomyoushouldwriteisMr.Write.(介词to置于whom前，whom作宾语)你该给他写信的那个人是怀特先生一、当先行词指人时，用“介词+whom”句型注意：此时不用who或that。(1)Thepersontowhom

IlentmybicycleisMr.Ball.（whom不能省略，也不用who或that）(2)Thegirlwithwhom

mysistervisitedtheGreatWallhasjustcomebackfromLondon.二、先行词指物时，用“介词+which”句型注意：先行词指物时，不能用关系代词that直接跟在介词后作宾语。例如：1.Theprizeforwhich

heworkedsohardwasanewbike.（which不能改为that）2.Thehousetowhich

hetookuswasveryold.（which不能改为that）三、介词的选择和运用是重中之重1.根据介词与先行词的搭配习惯确定介词。先行词不同，与之习惯搭配的介词也不同。例如：(1)Doyoustillrememberthedayonwhich

wemetforthefirsttime?(2)Doyoustillrememberthedaysduringwhich

weworkedtogether?2.根据定语从句中谓语动词与介词的搭配习惯确定介词。动词不同，要求与之搭配的介词不同，动词与不同介词的搭配所表达的意义也大相径庭。例如：(1)Helostthebookinwhich

hekeptmanytelephonenumbers.(2)Idon’tknowthepersontowhom

youtalkedjustnow.3.根据“介词+关系代词”结构在定语从句中的作用与含义而确定介词。例如：(1)Theplanebywhich

myfatherwenttoShanghaiwaslate.(2)Theplaneonwhich

myfatherworkedwasverylarge.(此处onwhich=ontheplane表地点)注意下面几点特殊情况：1.含有介词的动词短语一般不拆开使用，如：lookfor,lookafter,takecareof等(1)Thisisthewatchwhich/thatIamlookingfor.(T)(2)ThisisthewatchforwhichIamlooking.(F)2.若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时用whom，不可用who或者that；指物时用which，不能用that；关系代词是所有格时用whose(1)Themanwithwhomyoutalkedismyfriend.(T)(2)Themanwiththatyoutalkedismyfriend.(F)(3)Theplanein\bywhichweflewtoCanadaisverycomfortable.(T)(4)TheplaneinthatweflewintoCanadaisverycomfortable.(F)3.“介词+关系代词”前可有some,any,none,both,all,neither,most,each,few等代词或者数词(1)Helovedhisparentsdeeply,bothofwhomareverykindtohim.(2)Inthebaskettherearequitemanyapples,someofwhich

havegonebad.(3)Therearefortystudentsinourclassinall,mostofwhom

arefrombigcities.4：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhich

herefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhich

hewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.(3)Greatchangeshavetakenplaceinthecityinwhich/where

Iwasborn..“介词+关系代词”型定语从句五大考点“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句是英语语法中的难点和重点,近年来高考对这一语法结构的考查大有升温之势。为便于同学们学习掌握，笔者扼要地对它的几种考查热点进行了归纳和解析，希望同学们能举一反三，加以掌握并运用考点1简单介词+关系代词知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词指人时只能用whom,指物时只能用which；介词选择的依据主要是根据从句中的动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配而定；

或者以先行词与从句中的动词关系及所表达的含义而定；或者以先行词在定语从句中的作用和含义而定，并且含有介词的短语动词不能拆开，介词仍然放在动词之后。考例：1.Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,__thesailingtimewas226days.A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich2.TheEnglishplay_______mystudentsactedattheNewYear'spartywasagreatsuccess.

A.forwhichB.atwhichC.inwhichD.onwhich

3.Americanwomenusuallyidentifytheirbestfriendassomeone____theycantalkfrequently.whoB.asC.aboutwhichD.withwhom考点2复杂介词+关系代词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whom,whose。常用于该结构的复杂介词有：asaresultof,atthebackof,becauseof,bymeansof,forwantof,infrontof,incaseof,onaccountof等。例如：Wegottoahouseatthebackofwhich

wasalargegarden.

Isthereacertaintestbymeansofwhich

theNo.1willbedecided？考点3简单介词+关系代词+名词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词有which,whose。介词的选择取决于关系代词后的名词及整个句子的含义。考例：

Intheoffice,Ineverseemtohavetimeuntilafter5:30p.m._______timemanypeoplehavegonehome.

A.whoseB.thatC.onwhichD.bywhich考点4the+名词+of+关系代词

知识归纳：用于此结构的关系代词只有which。该结构表示所有关系,口语中常用“whose+名词”代替。非正式文体中可以用“ofwhichthe+名词”。高考考例：RecentlyIboughtanancientChinesevase,__wasveryreasonable.A.whichpriceB.thepriceofwhichC.itspriceD.thepriceofwhose考点5表示部分的词语＋of＋关系代词

知识归纳：此时，指人的关系代词只能是whom,指物的关系代词只能是which。表示部分的词语常见的有：不定代词all,both,none,neither,either,some,any,数词(含基数词，序数词，分数和百分数)；数词+名词；the+最高级/比较级，以及表示数目或数量的词语many,most,few,several,enough,halfa,aquarter。考例：1.Therearetwobuildings,__standsnearlyahundredfeethigh.A.thelarger

B.thelargerofthem

C.thelargeronethatD.thelargerofwhich2.Thefactoryproduceshalfamillionpairsofshoeseveryyear,80%____aresoldabroad.A.ofwhichB.whichofC.ofthemD.ofthat定语从句提升练习：Theonlything___wecoulddowastoaskthepolicestationforhelp.A.whatB.thatC.whichD.as2.TheGreatWallisthelastplace___Mr.SmithisgoingtovisitbeforeheleavesBeijing.A.whereB.whichC./D.what3.Hereisthegirl___schoolbaghasbeenstolen.A.A.whoB.whomC.whoseD.which4.Howdoyoulikethebook?Itisquitedifferentfrom___Ireadlastmonth.A.thatB.whereC.inwhichD.theone5.Shewassoangryatall___hewasdoing____shewalkedoutwithoutsayingaword.A.that,thatB.which,thatC.what,asD.that,which6.Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthethingsandpersons___theyremembered.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.who7.Isthistheshop___sellschildren’sclothing?A.whatB.whichC.inwhichD.where

8.Thehouse___windowsarebrokenwasboughtbymygrandfatherlastyear.A.whoseB.ofwhichC.whichD.ofthat9.I’lltellyou____hetoldmelastweek.A.allthatB.allwhatC.thatallD.whichall10.Thisisthebiggestlaboratory___wehaveeverbuiltinourschool.A.whichB.whatC.whereD./11.Heistheonlyoneoftheworkers___Englishinthefactory.A.thatknowsB.thatknowC.whohasknownD.whohaveknown12.Iboughtabookthatisonscienceand___hasmanybeautifulcolourfulpictures.A./B.thatC.whichD.as13.I’moneoftheboys___neverlateforschool.A.thatisB.whoareC.whoamD.whois14.I’dlikeacar___frontlightsarebigandround.A.whichB.whoC.whoseD.ofwhich15.Isthisfactory___theyvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whichC.whereD.theone16.Isthisthefactory___theyvisitedtheotherday?A.thatB.whatC.whereD.theone17.Withthefastdevelopmentofagriculture,thepeople___villageItaughtbeforehavelivedahappylife.A.whoB.whoseC.inwhoseD.inwhich18.Idon’tliketheway___youlaughather.A.forwhichB.inwhichC.whyD.where19.Thepaper___bambooismadeisespeciallyfine.A.whichB.intowhichC.ofwhichD.fromwhich20.Itseemstomethatnoreason___yougaveusforyourmistakeissound（合理的）.A.whatB.whyC.whichD.that21.Isthistheoldman___youtookapictureathisbirthdayparty?A.whoB,thatC.ofwhomD.theone22.That’stheScienceMuseum___wevisitedlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichc.inwhich23.Manylettersreachedtheyounggirl___weallthoughtshouldhavebeenmadedirectorofthecompany.A.whomB.whichC.whoD.forwhom24.That’sthefactory___wepaidavisitlastyear.A.whereB.towhichC.whichD.inwhich25.Idon’tlike___youspeaktoher.A.thewayB.thewayinthatC.thewaywhichD.thewayofwhich26.All___isneededistohaveagoodrest.A.thethingB.thatC.whatD.which27.Thereason___I’mwritingtoyouistotellyouaboutapartyonSaturday.A.becauseB.whyC.forD.as28.Shestillremembersthedays___shewasinthecountry___shewasyoung.A.as,thatB.which,whenC.when,asD.duringwhich,that29.Thedays___Ispentinthecountrysideinmychildhoodwasthehappiesttime___Ihadeverhadinmylife.A.when,whenB.when,thatC.that,whichD.that,that30.Isthistheeconomiczone___hevisitedhisfriendtheotherday?A.thatB./C.theoneD.where31.Ishallneverforgetthoseyears___Ilivedinthecountrywiththefarmers,___hasagreateffectonmylife.A.that,whichB.when,whichC.which,thatD.when,who32.Thechildrenclimbedupthehill,___theypicnicked.A.onitstopB.onthetopofitC.onwhosetopD.onthetopofthat33.Jim,agoodfriendofmine,sentmeabeautifulcard,___waswritten“MerryChristmas”.A.whereB.onwhi