大学英语精读6 第2,3,5,7,8课课后习题答案

Lessen21.Butthesemarksofwildcountrycalledtomayfatherlikethelegendarysirensong.Thoughtheplacewasnotpleasantordisagreeable,myfatherwasdeeplyattractedtoitpreciselybecauseofitsunexplored,uncultivatednaturalstate,andthechallenge.2."I'mafraidtheday'sgoingtocatchus,"Iexplained,wonderingwhatgreatdisastermightbefallusifitdid.Asalittlegirl,Ibelievedmyfather'swords,andwasgenuinelyafraidofthepossibledisaster--ifwedidn'thurryup,thedaywouldcatchusandterriblethingsmighthappen.3...fromtimetotimehewashalfheartedlysoughtfortrial,thoughfewcrimesseemedtoleaddirectlytohisdoor.Inthisplace,thoughthepolicewoundmakesomeeffortwithoutrealearnesttoinvestigateWatsonandbringhimtocourt,thereseemedtobelittleconcreteevidencetoprovethathewasresponsibleforcertainillegalactivities.4.ThestrangleholdWatsonhadoverthissectionofFloridawasnotdissimilartotheunscrupulousactivitiesofcertainlawmen,otherlegalcrooks,andevengovernorsthatourstatewastosufferthroughitshistory.ThecontrolWatsonhadoverthispartofFloridawasmuchsimilartothedishonestorillegalactivitiesofthelaw-enforcingofficialsandgovernorswhichFloridawitnessedinthe20thcentury.5.Therewasthelittleshack,notthemostgraciousoflivingquarters,andtherewasamurdererforournearestandonlyneighbor,aboutthirtymilesaway.Beforethefamilybuilttheirownhouse,theylivedinashabbycabinatGopherKey,closetothemercilessWatson.6.KingRichardinhisgluttonyneversatatatablemoresumptuousthanourswasthreetimesaday...Wehadabundantfoodontheisland,andeventhemealsenjoyedbyKingRichard,whowasfamousforhisloveoffood,couldn’tpossiblycomparewithours.7.Despitetheunrelentingheat,wewerehappytobeletofffromourhoursofschoolindoors,sessionswhichourmotherkepteveryday,rainorshine.Althoughitwasveryhotoutsideinthesun,wewerehappytobedismissedfrommymother'ssessionsindoors.wewouldhavetoreadandwritewithhereverydaynomatterwhattheweatherwaslike.PhelineofSherman’smarch在谢尔曼将军的行军路线上2.afoldingcotapiece每人一张轻便的帆布折叠床3.toreplenishourfoodstock补充我们的食品4.asanaddedtreat作为特别的款待5.free-roamingcattle自由放牧的牛群6.aninfamousoutlaw一个臭名昭著的亡命之徒7.businessasusual一切照常8.tomakeregularrunstoandfro定期往来运输9.aweather-boardedshack由隔板搭成的简陋的小屋10.underthecareandinterestofourentirefamily在我们全家人的悉心照料下Sentence1.Itwasanidylliclife,andwelivedclosetoourfamilyandtothecomfortsandsafetyasmalltowncouldafford这是一种田园式的生活，我们和亲戚住的很近，享受着小镇生活所能给予我们的舒服和安全2.Butpapawasamanofenterprise;herealizedthattheuntouchedTenThousandIslandsoffthesouthwestcoastofthesatewererichinsoilforcropsandingameforfood但父亲是一个很有上进心的人，他知道佛罗里达州西南海岸的万岛群岛还没有被开发，那儿土壤肥沃，适于耕种，而且猎物充足，不必担心食物来源3.Thisthirddayout,andthedaystocome,foundusintheunsettledwildsofFlorida出发后的第三天以及以后的日子里，我们都在佛罗里达无人居住的荒野中穿行4.Itsunderwatergrasseslookedlikegreenribbons,constantlyunrolling,andthetreesheldthickspraysofwildorchids水里的水草就像绿色的丝带不断地伸展开来，野兰花一簇一簇地挂满了枝头5.Theburlyarmsofoakswerehugewithfernsandbloomingbromeliads.Redbirds,tanagersandpaintedbuntingsflewbackandforthacrossthetrail,leavingachildwiththeimpressionthatthewoodsweretossingwithjewels以前这里经常发水的河滩岸边一丛丛地长满了乔叶栎，那些地面上铺着一层绿色的蕨类植物，乔叶栎粗壮的枝干上也覆盖着蕨类植物，俯生的凤梨科植物正在盛开。红雀，唐那雀和色彩斑斓的鸠鸟沿着小路飞来飞去，在孩子们看来就像是宝石在树林里跳动6.Thenativewhitesfearedhimasyouwouldarattlesnake,buttheIndiansandblackpeopleweresusceptibletohismanipulations本地的白人像惧怕响尾蛇一样怕他，而印第安人和黑人则不得不受他的控制和剥削7.Ournewhomewasmorethansafe,itwasajoy我们的新家不仅安全稳定，它还给我们带了了无尽的乐趣8.TodayIcanseeinmygrandsonsandgreat-grandsonssomeofthosequalitiesofcourageandcaringthatmyfatherhadinsuchabundance今天在我的子孙身上，我仍然能看到我父亲所拥有的无尽的勇气和爱心Lesson31...evendroughts,floods,andheatwavesmaybecomeunwittingactsofman.Whatpeopledomayunintentionnallycausedroughts,floods,andheatwaves.2..Butthisimage,nowrepeatedlythrustbeforeusinphotographs,posters,andadvertisements,ismisleading.TheEarthweseeinphotos,posters,andads,whichappearssobeautiful,isnotthetruereflectionoftheworldwelivein,suchimagelullsusintocomplacency.3.Thetechnospherehasbecomesufficientlylargeandintensetoalterthenaturalprocessesthatgoverntheecosphere.Humanactivitieshavetakenplaceoversuchlargeareasandwithsuchintensitythattheyhavealreadycauseddisastrouseffectsonecology.4...whichcouldestablishitselfonlybecauseitfittedproperlyintothepreexistingsystem.thefishcouldplayitsrolebecauseitbecameanecessarylinkwiththeprocessesprecedingitandtheprocessesfollowingitintheecologicalsystem.5.Definedsonarrowly,itisnosurprisethatcarshavepropertiesthatarehostiletotheirenvironment.Whencarsareproducedtoservesuchnarrowpurposes,itisnotsurprisingthatsomeoftheircharacteristicqualitiesareharmfultotheenvironment.6.Yieldsrose,butnotinproportiontotherateoffertilizerapplication...thefarmerappliedmoreandmorefertilizer,andtheproductiondidrisebutdidnotincreaseatthesamerateofthefertilizer.7...theirwasteisflushedintothesewersystemalteredincompositionbutnotinamountattreatmentplant...Peopleeatplantsandanimals,andtheirwasteisflushedintothesewersystem.Afterbeingprocessed,thewasteisstillwaste.theresiduewillgointorivers,oceans,andwillhaveharmfuleffectontheaquaticecosystem.8.Lefttotheirowndevices,ecosystemsareconservative...Iftheecosystemsarenotupsetbyoutsideintrusion,theywillremainthesamewithverylittlechange9.Incontrasttotheecosphere,thetechnosphereiscomposedofobjectsandmaterialsthatreflectarapidandrelentlessprocessofchangeandvariation.Thecharacteristicsoftheobjectsandmaterialsinthetechnospherearerapidchangeandgreatvariety.10.Butthisisdoneonlyatthecostofunderstanding.ifwetakesideinthewarofthetwowords,wearedoingsoattheriskoffailingtohaveaclearunderstandingofthenatureandcauseofthewar,thus,welosethechancetoreallysolvethegraveenvironmentalcrisis.Phrases1.ecologicalnichesandtheirresidentspecies生态小环境以及生活在小环境中的物种2.thehabitatofparasites寄生虫的栖息地3.thefishhawk’sprey鱼鹰的猎食对象4.closedcyclicalprocesses封闭的循环流程5.highlyradioactivewaste放射性极强的（核）废料6.finelytunedadaptation经过精细调整后的适应能力7.annuallymodifiedcars每年加以改进的汽车8.theresidueofnylonmarinecordage船用尼龙绳子索的残留物9.toxicchemicals有毒化学物1.Wehavebeentamperingwiththispowerfulforce,unaware,liketheSorcerer’sApprentice,ofthepotentiallydisastrousconsequencesofouractions我们一直在滥用这股强大的力量，就像传说中的魔术师的师弟一样，并没有意识到我们的这种行为很可能会导致灾难性的后果2.Eveniftheglobalwarmingcatastrophenevermaterializes,andtheozoneholeremainsanesoteric,polarphenomenon,alreadyhumanactivityhasprofoundlyalteredglobalconditionsinwaysthatmaynotregisteronthecamera即使全球变暖这种灾害永不发生，即使臭氧层空洞仍然只是一种深奥的极地现象，人类的活动已经极大地的改变了全球的条件，这些也许是用照相机拍不出来的3.Thetechnosphere,incontrast,isdominatedbylinearprocesses与生态圈相反，技术圈是由线性流程决定4.Theenergysourcesthatnowpowerthetechnospherearemostlyfossilfuels,storesthat,oncedepleted,willneverberenewed现在技术圈运作的能源主要是矿物燃料，一旦用完，永不再生5.Nylon~~isnotbiodegradable—thatis,thereisnoenzymeinanyknowlivingorganismthatcanbreakitdown尼龙不能进行生物分解—也就是说，现存的有机物中还没有发现哪种酶可以分解尼龙6.~~livingthingshavecreatedalimitedbutself-consistentarrayofsubstancesandreactionsthatareessentialtolife~~有生命的东西创造了一系列对生命至关重要的有限但独立的物质和反应7.Afreelunchisreallyadebt,inthetechnosphere,adebtisanacknowledgedbutunmetcost免费的午餐实际上是一种负债，在技术圈中，债务是指已承认但尚未归还的欠款8.~~whenthedebtsrepresentedbyenvironmentalpollutionarecreatedbythetechnosphereandtransferredtotheecosphere,theyarenevercanceled,damageisunavoidable.当债务以技术圈制造的环境污染的形式出现，然后又转嫁到生态圈，这种债务将无法消除，造成破坏是不可避免的。Lesson51....thenationalrejectionofdogmaticpreconceptionsaboutthenatureofthesocialandeconomicorderTherearesuchprejudicesinanarrogantmanneraboutthecharacteristicofthesocialorderandeconomicorderandtheytakeitforgranted.Thecountryjustrejectedsuchprejudice.2NorcanonesuggestthatAmericanshavebeenconsistentlyvulnerabilitytosecularideologyeverafterNoonecansaythatAmericanshaveneverbeentemptedbytheapproachofunderstanding,preservingortransformingtheworldaccordingtorigiddogmas.3..andanyintellectsoshapedwas...everafterAmindinfluencedbyCalvinisttheologywouldsurelyfinditsomewhatdifficulttoresistotherideologicaltemptationstoideologicalthinking.4.Pragmatismisnomorewhollydevoid...experiencePragmatismisnotcompletelyfreefromabstractideasjustasideologyisnotcompletelyfreefromexperience,thatistosay,abstractideashaveaplaceinpragmatismjustasexperiencehasaroleinideology.5.Asanideologist,however,Jefferson....historicalcuriosityAsamanfollowingafixedsetofbeliefs,Jeffersonisonlyaninterestinghistoricalfigure.Hisbeliefsareoutofdateandareirrelevanttopresent-dayreality.6....whosecentraldogmaisconfidedtothecustodyofaninfalliblepriesthoodTheircentralbeliefsareimprisonedbythewholebodyofpriestswhoarealwayseffective.7....wherefreemenmayfindpartialtruths,butwhere...onAbsoluteTruthInthisuniverseapersonwhosemindisunconstrainedmaybeabletodiscoverrelationtruthsbutnomanonearthcanclaimthathehasalreadygraspedtheoneandonlytruth.8.Butideologyisadrug;nomatterhow...itstillpersists.Ideologyhasthecharacteristicofanarcotic.Inspiteofthefactthatithasbeenprovedwrongmanytimesbyexperience,peoplestilllongtocommitthemselvestoideology.9....theonlycertaintyinanabsolutesystemisthecertaintyofabsoluteabuse.Theonlythingthatissureofadespoticsystemistheunrestrictedexerciseofpower.10.Thedistinctivehumantriumph...liesinthecapacitytounderstandthefrailtyofhumanstriving...nonethelessThemostoutstandingachievementofhumanityistheyknowthatnomatterhowhardtheytry,theycannotachieveAbsolutetruth,yettheycontinuetomakegreateffortsandrefusetogiveupPhrases1.dignityofman人的尊严2.intellectualimprovement智力提高3.capitalgoods生产资料4.representativeinstitutions代议制政府机构5.dogmaticpreconceptions教条式的偏见6.structuresofanalysis分析问题的理论体系7.asetofbindingpropositions一系列必须遵循的主张8.rigidaprioridoctrine僵硬的经验理论9.tonarrowthespectrumofchoice（由于信仰教条的原因）使选择的范围变得十分狭小10.fatalisticviewofhistory宿命论的历史11.closeduniverse封闭的世界12.abundantandstreaminglifeofman丰富的、永不停顿的人类生活13.anabsolutegriponAbsoluteTruth独自掌握了绝对真理14.theuncoercedintercourseofunconstrainedminds自由思想不受约束的交流15.amonolithicworld铁板一块的世界1.TheAmericanexperiencewasuniqueinanumberofways美国的经验在许多方面都是独特的2.Thecountrywasblessedbynotableadvantages—aboveall,bythefactthatpopulationwasscareinrelationtoavailableresources这个国家有着得天独厚的优势—只要是人口相对稀少而资源十分丰富3.Itroseoriginallyfromaphilosophicalratherthananeconomiccommitment它源于对思想原则的信仰，而不是出于对经济利益的追求4.Wehavefoundnobetterwaythandemocracytofulfillman’stalentsandreleasehisenergies我们发现民主是使人的才智得到充分施展，人的能量得以充分发挥的最好方式5.Intherecordofhisconflict,ideologyhasattractedsomeofthestrongestintelligencesmankindhasproduced在意识形态体系与经验主义斗争的历史上，意识形态体系曾吸引了人类历史上一些聪明绝顶的人物6.Initsfinesthours,theUShas,sotospeak,risenaboveideology在她处于最佳时期时，美国可以说超越了所有的意识形态体系7.~~thatgovernmentwasbestwhichgovernedleast~政府管得越少越好8.Indeed,thewholeideologicalenterprisecontradictedJefferson’stemper,whichwasbasicallyflexibleandexperimental说实在的，杰弗逊一生在意识形态体系上所做的努力与他的性格是相矛盾的，他的性格特征基本上是灵活的，从经验出发的9.Indeed,Iwouldsuggestthatwemightwellbanishsomeoverloadedwordsfromintellectualdiscourse~~(Thesewords)aresourcesofheat,notoflight我甚至建议在思想界和学术界的讨论中摒弃某些用滥了的词语~~这些词语只能使头脑发热，而不会给人以智慧的光芒10.Freemenknowmanytruths,buttheydoubtwhetheranymortalmanknowstheTruth自由人掌握许多具体的真理，但他们认为没有一个凡人能够掌握绝对真理Lesson71.Formanholdsinhismortalhandsthepowertoabolishallformsofhumanlife.Asaresultoftechnologicaldevelopment,humanbelongsnowhavethepowertoputanendtopovertyandhuman,misery,butatthesametimetheyalsopossessthepowertodestroythewholeworld,renderingituninhabitableandlifeless.2....unwillingtowitnessorpermittheslowundoingofthosehumanrights...Wedonotwanttoseeortoallowtheslowdestructionofthosehumanrights.3.Tothosepeoplesinthehutsandvillagesofhalf.....ofmassmisery,wepledgeourbesteffortstohelpthemhelpthemselves...Tothepeopleoftheunderdevelopedcountrieslivinginpovertyinruralareas,wearecommittedtohelpingthemtoridthemselvesofmasspovertybytheirownefforts.4.Butthispeacefulrevolutionofhopecannotbecomethepreyofhostilepowers.Butweshouldnotletanycommunistpowertakeadvantageofthisallianceforprogresstoexpanditsinfluence.5.Andleteveryotherpowerknowthatthis....ofitsownhouse.WewanttomakecleartothecommunistpowersthatAmericasaretheAmericasoftheAmericans.Donotattempttopenetrateintothisarea.6....beforethedarkpowersofdestruction.....oraccidentalself-destruction.Beforetheworldisdestroyedbyanuclearwarlaunchedinapreemptiveattackorcausedbyaccident.7....yetbothracingtoaltertheuncertain...ofmankind'sfinalwar.Yetbothsidesattempttogetanedgeinthenucleararmsracesoastobreakthemutualdeterrencewhichhassofarpreventedtheoutbreakofanuclearwar.8....civilityisnotasignofweakness,andsincerityisalwayssubjecttoproof.Tobereadytonegotiateandestablishfriendlyrelationsdoesnotmeanthatweareweakorafraid.Declarationsofsincereintentionhavetobetestedbyactions.9.Letbothsidesseektoinvokethewondersofscienceinsteadofitsterrors.Letthetwosidesusethefruitsofscienceforthebenefitofhumanityratherthanusinghigh-techweaponstokillanddestroy.10....eachgenerationofAmericanshasbeensummonedtogivetestimonytoitsnationalloyalty..TherehavebeenoccasionsforeachgenerationsofAmericanstobecalledupontofightanddiefortheircountry.1.Weobservetodaynotavictoryofpartybutacelebrationoffreedom—symbolizinganendaswellasbeginning—signifyingrenewalaswellaschange我们今天庆祝的不是党派的胜利而是自由的选择—象征着一个时代的结束和另一个时代的开始—意味着延续与变化2.United,thereislittlewecan’tdoinahostofcooperativeventures.Divided,thereislittlewecando—forwedarenotmeetapowerfulchallengeatoddsandsplitasunder如果我们团结一致，我们在一系列共同从事的失业中就可以无往不胜，如果我们四分五裂，我们就会一事无成—因为在意见分歧，四分五裂的情况下，我们不敢迎接强有力的挑战3.~~oneformofcolonialcontrolshallnothavepassedawaymerelytobereplacedbyafarmoreirontyranny~一种殖民控制形式的消失，不应为另一种更为残酷的暴政所取代4.~~andtorememberthat,inthepast,thosewhofoolishlysoughtpowerbyridingthebackofthetigerandendedupinside~要记住，在过去，那些愚蠢地想靠与虎谋皮而得势的人最终都为虎所食5.~~werenewourpledgeofsupport—topreventitfrombecomingmerelyaforumforinvective—tostrengthitsshieldofthenewandtheweak—andtoenlargetheareainwhichitswritmayrun~我们重申我们的支持—不让其变成一个相互指责的论坛—加强其对新生国家和弱小国家的保护—扩大其起主导作用的领域6.Foronlywhenourarmsaresufficientbeyonddoubtcanwebecertainbeyonddoubtthattheywillneverbeemployed只有当我们的军队强大无比时，我们才有把握永不使用武力7.Letusnevernegotiateoutoffear,butletusneverfeartonegotiate我们永远不会由于恐惧而去谈判，但我们永不畏惧谈判8.Andifabeachedofcooperationmaypushbackthejunglesofsuspicion如果小小的一点合作能驱散深深的猜疑9.Inyourhands,myfellowcitizens,morethanmine,willrestthefinalsuccessorfailureofourcourse同胞们，我们事业最终的成败不是掌握找我手中，而是掌握在你们手中10.Asknotwhatyourcountrycandoforyou—askwhatyoucandoforyourcountry不要问你的国家能为你做什么，要自问你能为你的国家做和贡献Lesson8AroseforEmily1.butgaragesandcottonginshad...ofthatneighborhood...thestreetusedtohouseonlythebestfamilies.Butthengreatchangestookplace:garagesandcottonginswereestablishedonthestreetandtheirexistencewipedoutthearistocratictracesinthatneighborhood.2.NotthatMissEmilywouldhaveacceptedcharity.ItwouldnotbetruetosaythatmissEmilywouldhaveacceptedcharity.3."Justasifaman-anyman-couldkeepakitchenproperly,"theladiessaid....Whattheladiessaidmeantthattheydidnotintheleastbelieveaman,anyman,couldkeepakitchenproperly.4.Itwasanotherlinkbetweenthegross,teemingworldandthehighandmightyGriersons.TheGriersonsregardedthemselvesasveryimportantandtheoutsideworldasvulgarandfullofpeopleinferiortothem.theybelongedtotwoentirelydifferentworlds.however,thecomplaintsaboutthesmellservedasalinkbetweenthetwodifferentworldsandcompelledmissEmilytodealwiththeoutsideworld.5.Thenextdaythereceivedtwomore.....indiffidentdeprecation.Thenextdaythemayorreceivedtwomorecomplaints.oneofthemwasfromamanwhocameandpleadedtothemayorinashyandtimidway.6.Peopleinourtown,rememberinghowoldladyWyatt.....alittletoohighforwhatthereallywere.PeopleinthetownfeltthattheGriersonsfamilyregardedthemselvesmoreimportantthantheyreallydeservedtobe.thefactthatmissEmilygreat-aunt,oldladyWyatthadgonecrazyhadtodowiththisblind,excessiveself-importance.7.Nowshetoowouldknowtheoldthrillandtheolddespairofapennymoreorless.Ordinarypeopleoftenbecomeexcitedorworriedwhentheygetapennymoreorapennyless.Beingpoor,nowshewouldlearntoappreciatethevalueofmoneylikeotherpeopleinthetown.8.Buttherewerestillother,olderpeople,who...withoutcallingitnoblesseoblige.Buttherewerestillothers,olderpeople,whosaidthatnomatterhowsadmissEmilywas(overherfatherdeath),sheshouldnotforgetshehadcertainobligationsasamemberofthenobility,thougharealladywouldnotdescribeherself-restraintbytheexpressionnoblesseoblige.9.WeweregladbecausethetwofemalecousinswereevenmoreGriersonthatMissEmilyhadeverbeen.Weweregladbecausethetwocousinswereevenmorestubbornandself-importantthanEmily.10...andtheveryoldman..confusingtimewithitsmathematicalprogression,astheolddo,towhomallthepastisnotadiminishingroadbut,instead,ahugemeadowwhichnowintereverquitetouches,dividedfromthembythenarrowbottle-neckofthemostrecentdecadeofyears.Andtheveryoldmanconfusedthedatesandyearsofpasthappenings.Totheoldpeople,allthepastshouldbelikearoadthatbecomesmallerasitreachesfurtherback.ButtothoseoldSoutherners,therecentpastoftenyearsorsowaslikeabottle-neck,anarrowpassage,oratunnel.Beyondthatnarrowpassage,theremotepastbecameahugelevelmeadowwherethingswerepleasantlyandfondlymixeduptogether.Likethegreengrassonthemeadownevertouchedbythewinter,thememoriesoftheremotepastremainedblurred,sweet,romanticized,andunchanged.1.WhenMissEmilyGriersondied,ourwholetownwenttoherfuneral:thementhroughasortofrespectfulaffectionforafalle