初中英语非谓语动词讲解

非谓语动词之“动词不定式”详解非强鲍词就是不充当谓语的动词，分两种。一是动词不定式。二是动词ing形式。一、动词不定式1)作主语TolearnEnglishwellisnoteasy.或ItisnoteasytolearnEnglishwell.［说明］动词不定式作主语时，往往用it作形式主语，这种句型可归纳为下面的句型：e.g.Itis+adj.+动词不定式如果要说明不定式表示的动作执行者，可以用for+sb.e.g.Itis+adj.+forsb.todosth.2)作表语(表语用来说明主语的身份、性质、品性、特征和状态的，表语常由名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词的-ing形式、不定式、从句来充当，它常位于系动词(be,become,appear,seem,look,sound,feel,get,smell等词)之后。)e.g.Mywishistobecomeateacher.3)作宾语或者宾语补足语e.g.Mostofusliketowatchfootballmatches.e.g.Hetoldmetobehereontime.4)作定语：e.g.Ihavenothingtosayaboutthatthing.5)作状语：e.g.Hestoppedtohavealook.［说明］动词不定式的否定形式：not+to+动词原形构成e.g.Heaskedmenottomakesuchamistake.2、动词不定式与疑问词连用：疑问词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等后面可以按动词不定式，构成动词不定式短语。e.g.(1)Hedoesn,tknowhowtousethemachine.Howtousethemachineisaquestion.Thequestioniswhentogothere.3、省去了to的动词不定式1)let,have,make+do2)感官动词see,watch,lookat,notice,hear,listento,smell,feel,find+to注意：在被动语态中则to不能省掉。e.g.Isawhimdance.=Hewasseentodance.e.g.Thebossmadethemworkthewholenight.=TheyweremadeIoworkthewholenight.3)wouldrather，hadbetter+do4、动词不定式的特殊句型：1)too…to…+todo： e.g.Heistooexcitedtospeak.2)enoughtodo： e.g.Thechildisoldenoughtogotoschool.3)Whynot+do e.g.Whynottakeaholiday?4)soas(not)todo:表示目的e.g.Goinquietlysoasnottowakethebaby.5、不定式的难点：1)用作介词的“to”：比如说lookforwardto;payattentionto;devoteoneselftobe/getusedto后面都是+doing的！2)It'sforsb.和It'sofsb.的区别二、动词ing形式：动词ing形式分为两种，一是动名词，二是现在分词.动词的-ing形式用作动名词：动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式，由动词原形加ing构成，它在句中起名词的作用，可以在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、宾语补语、状语和定语。1）动名词作主语：e.g.Walkingisgoodexercise.走路是很好的运动2）动名词作表语 e.g.Myfavoritesportisswimming.我最喜欢的运动是游泳。3）动名词作宾语：e.g.Jimdislikeseatingchocolate.吉姆不喜欢吃巧克力。e.g.Shecan’thelpcryingatasadmovie.她看了忧伤的电影禁不住要哭。［说明］有些动词和动词短语只能接动名词。e.g.admit,finish,forgive,giveup,mind,practise,begoodat,dowellin,can'thelp,keepon,feellike,beusedto,lookforwardto,preferto。6）动名词作定语：动名词可以单独作定语，就像形容词一样。e.g.asmilingface笑脸swimmingpool游泳池dining-car餐车.动词的-ing形式用作现在分词：-ing分词通常用作宾语补足语，表示动作正在发生或者正在进行。这种用法通常用在下列动词中：see,hear,find,smell,watch,find,listento,lookat,notice,observee.g.1）TherewefoundhimwatchingTV.我们发现他在那儿看电视。2）Iheardsomeoneknockingatthedoor.我听见有人在敲门。3.动词ing形式和动名词之间的比较：下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思都是一样的：begintodobegindoingcontinuetodocontinuedoingstarttodostartdoing下面这些动词，后面接不定式或动名词意思是不一样的:stoptodostopdoingforgettodoforgetdoingremembertodorememberdoingtrytodotrydoinggoontodogoondoingbeafraidtodobeafraiddoing【专练】1.Don'tforget theletter.A.tosendB.sendC.sendingD.beingsent2.Thechairlooksveryold,butinfactitisverycomfortableto.A.sitB.sitonC.besatD.besaton3.Is necessarytoreturnthebooktomorrow?A.thisB.thatC.itD.which4.I'mafraidtheywouldnotallowhim_ here.A.tosmokeB.smokingC.smokesD.smoke5.MothertoldmethewaterbeforeIdrankit.A.boilingB.boiledC.boilD.toboil2

6.Onmywayhome,Istopped somefood.A.buyB.tobuyC.buyingD.bought7.LiYangadvisedme_ toomuch,otherwiseIwouldhavebeendrunk.A.nottodrinkB.todrinkC.notdrinkingD.drinking8.He twomillionyuan avaseattheauction.A.spent,buyB.cost,buyingC.paid,buyD.spent,buying9.ThefirstthingIwanttodois .A.visittohimB.tovisithimC.visitinghimD.visitedhim10.Johnwasmade thecarforaweekasapunishment.A.towashB.washingC.washD.tobewashing11. isonething, isquiteanother.A.Tosay,todoB.Say,doC.Said,didD.Tosay,do12.I/lltry thesamemistakesagain.A.tonotmakeB.notmakeC.nottomakeD.notmaking13.It,stoohard itbyhimself.A.nottodoB.todoC.thatIdoD.doingIt,stimeforsports.Let,sbowling,shallwe?A.go B.togo C.going D.goes‘Mr.Zhou,you,dbettertoomuchsugar.Youarealreadyoverweight,,saidthedoctor.A.nottoeat B.toeat C.noteat D.eatIfyoukeep(fight)withhim,youmayhurtyourself.Thestudentsarebusy(prepare)forthecomingexam.Hisdutyis(save)thesickpeople.Ihavenothing(send)you.Theyweremade(work)tenhoursaday.Nooneknowswhat(do)next.【提高题】I.选择题。1.Thedoctorcameoureyes.A.toexamine B.forexamining C.astoexamineD.examining2.Ourteacheralwaysmakesus hard.A.towork B.work C.workingD.worked3. ourclassroomonceaweekisnecessary.A.Cleaning B.Clean CleanedD.Tocleanisourduty goodservicetocustomersA.That,togive B.This,giving C.It,togiveD.It,giving5.Ittookyears thehighrise.A.forourbuildingB.forusinbuilding C.tobuildD.building6.Theirwishis ahouseoftheirown.A.tohave B.forhaving C.haveD.ofhaving7.Theteacheragreed us thetestpapershome.A.tolet,take B.tolet,totake C.letting,takeD.let,take3

WhenhesawIwasinahurry,heofferedmehisbicycle.A.lending B.lent C.tolend D.inlendingIdon'tlikepeopleabouttheirneighbours.A.hear,talking B.tohear,talking C.tohear,totalkD.hearing,talkedIhaven'tdecidedA.totakewhichtrain B.whichtotakeatrainC.whichtraintotake D.whichtraintakenYoumustremembermeaphonecallassoonasyougetthere.A.giving B.togive C.gave D.giveProfessorBrowntaughthisstudentsEnglish,andhelearnedChinesefromthem.A.howtospeak,speaking B.howtospeak,tospeakC.howspeaking,speaking D.howspeak,tospeak—Sorry,Iforgotyouthatthepartywouldn'tbeheldtonight.——That'sallright.Maryhastoldmeaboutit.A.telling B.Itold C.told D.totellIwonderhimornot.A.ifinvite B.whethertoinvite Ctoinvite D.iftoinviteIhopeyourself.A.youtomanage B.foryoutomanageC.youmanaging D.thatyoucanmanage—Wouldyoulikeyouthewaythere?——It'skindofyou.Thankyou.A.meshowing B.thatIshow C.meshow D.metoshowTheoldmansaidthathe'dpreferaloneinthecountryratherthanlivewithhissoninthecity.A.living B.tolive C.thathelivesD.forhimtoliveIknowAliceverywell.Ihaveseenherupfromchildhood.D.togrowD.whatshetodoD.togrowD.whatshetodoSincenobodytoldher,shecametoourhelp.A.whatshedid B.todowhat C.whattodoMyauntshowedmeB.howadressbemadeD.howadressmadeB.howadressbemadeD.howadressmadeC.howmakingadressAftershefinishedtheexercisesinthetextbook,shetriedmoreexercises.A.tofind,todoB.finding,todoC.tofind,shedid D.finding,doneThepolicemantoldSmithafterdrinking.A.tonotdrive B.notdriving C.notdrive D.nottodriveTomkeptquietabouthismistakelosehisjob.A.sonotasto B.soasnotto C.soastonot D.notsoastoPatshouldlovelittleJimtothetheatrethisevening.A.totake B.taking C.thathewouldtakeD.forhimtotakeWeenjoy_verymuch,becauseitisgoodforourhealth.A.runB.runningC.torunD.ranA.runB.runningC.torunD.ran—Thelightintheofficeisstillon.—Oh,Iforgotturnitofftoturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped.A.restingtorestthatIturneditoffunderabigtree.C.rest—Oh,Iforgotturnitofftoturnitoff27.Theywereverytiredandstopped.A.restingtorestthatIturneditoffunderabigtree.C.restthatIshouldturnitoffD.thattheywouldrest—Wouldyoumindmetheanswertotheproblem?—Notatall.A.thatyoutellmeHepromisedA.metogetFathertoldtheboythathegaveB.tellingC.totelladoctorformyson.thathegotmeC.megettingthedogafewbonesafterdinner.togiveC.giving—Notatall.A.thatyoutellmeHepromisedA.metogetFathertoldtheboythathegaveB.tellingC.totelladoctorformyson.thathegotmeC.megettingthedogafewbonesafterdinner.togiveC.givingD.iftellingD.methathegotD.gave.31. A.Forgettingthatmoneyforhiseducation,hisparentsworkedhardevenaftertheirday'swork.B.GetSoastogetInordertogetIthinkyouareA.enougholdtocookIthinkyouareA.enougholdtocookC.oldenoughforcooking33.ThemathsproblemisA.so,astoworkoutC.too,toworkoutD.comeD.youtellD.ofwalkingD.of,saidD.solvingD.totellnotmealsyourself.B.oldenoughtocookD.enougholdcookingdifficult.B.very,toworkoutD.quite,workedoutLastnightIwassotiredthatIfellasleepsoon.Ididn'thearhimin.A.coming B.came C.tocomeHaveyouanythingimportantus?A.totell B.telling C.toldus—DoyouknowaboutCaptainEdMitchell?202—Yes.Hewasthesixthmanonthemoon.A.walking B.walked C.towalkItisniceherso.A.for,tosay B.for,saying C.of,tosayIsn'titanicewaythehardproblem?A.tosolve B.insolving C.solveYou'dbetterheraboutherownhealthnow.A.nottotell B.nottell C.tonottellWhatacoincidence!Dr.BrownhappenedthedoctorIwaslookingfor.A.hewas B.being C.tobe D.tobeingII.填空题。Factoriesdonotletoutdirtywater（为了不污染河流）.Herjobis.（照顾医院里患病的孩子）Inthesupermarketthecollegestudentslearned.如何为顾客服务）ThereweresomanytoysthatJudydidn'tknow.（挑选哪一个）.Theonlytroubleis.（如何保护这些电脑）Hewillsavemoney.为了支付将来的大学费用）Thenurse.（不允许孩子们玩火柴）Thismedicinew川.（帮你入睡）Theywillbesent（到非洲当医疗队员）.Theboyaskedhisteacher.让他自己修理冰箱）Thequestionis.（是否让孩子们自己解决这个问题）.Thistelephoneis.（足够小可以放进口袋）Thisbookwilltellyou.（如何使这台电脑储存信息）I.（没有回答试卷上的最后一个问题）Itisnoteasy.（一个人戒烟）Youcantakeataxithere.而不是步行去）Theundergroundtrainis.（足够快可在20分钟内从我们学校行驶到体育场）.Thelecturehallis.（太小容纳不下500个学生）Juliahurriedtoschool.没有吃早餐）.Itoldthestudents.（不要将罐头和饮料瓶扔进河里）Thomas.（有许多问题要问老师）Doyouknowthesaying“.” （活至U老学至U老）Jacksaw.（牛跑回来）Athensranalltheway（把好消息告诉他的人民）.Hewasthefirstman.骑骑自行车做环球旅行）Theyenjoy.爬山和野营）Assoonastheteacherentered,heasked我们停止讲话）.（在一个半小时内做完这份试卷）isalmostimpossible.Wewerehappy.看至U他们回至U营地）Wouldyoumind.?（我在你办公室打电话）答案..I.1.A2.B3.D4.C5.C6.A7.A8.C9.BC11.B12.B13.D14.B15.D16.D17.B18.A19.C20.A21.A22.D23.B24.A25.B26.B27.B28.B29.A30.B31.DB33.C34.D35.A36.C37.C38.A39.B4