BEC商务英语(高级)阅读模拟试卷51(题后含答案及解析)

BEC商务英语（高级）阅读模拟试卷51(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1.PARTONE2.PARTTWO3.PARTTHREE4.PARTFOUR5.PARTFIVE6.PARTSIXPARTONEAJharkhand,astatethattraditionallyhasfocusedonagriculture,isattractingbiginternationalinvestorsasthecostsoflandandlabourriseincoastalregions.In2007alone,187newforeignenterpriseshadestablishedpresencesinthestate.Jharkhand’smaindraw—lowwagesandcheapland—willcontinuetoprovideincentivesforForeignDirectInvestmentintheyearstocome.ThestatecapitalRanchi，asix-hourbusridefromKolkata,accountsforabout30percentofthetotalinvestmentinthestate.BVietnamwillcontinuetoinvestheavilyinitsagriculturalfuture.Riceisthemajorproductofthecountry,andVietnam’sever-growingfooddemandswillseethatcropyieldswillneedtobeconsistentlyhigh.Hi-techresearchisrequired,andgovernmentpolicieswillensurethatmoreR&Dinvestmentisputinthecountry.Hi-techindustriesalsoaresettingupinanumberofdevelopmentzones,manyofwhichwereopenedaround2003andaregrowingrapidlythankstofavourableincentives.CThefutureofHubeiislargelydependantonthesuccessoftheThreeGorgesDamproject.Asaresult,therehavebeenmanyupgradesofHubei’sriverports,andthereislikelytobemanymoreaslargervolumesofcargoaretransportedupanddowntheriver.WuhanintendstoturnitselfintothemajormanufacturinghubofcentralChina.WiththeflowofrivertrafficfromtheThreeGorgesandgovernmentincentivestomovemanufacturinginland.Wuhanismorelikelytosucceedinthisaim,withfurtherenterpriseslinkedtoexportsanddistributorslikelytofindabaseinthecity.DPhilippinesplanstoinvestmorethan$200billionininfrastructuredevelopmentin2007.AlargeportionofPhilippines’industrialoutputisrelatedtoitsrichmineraldeposits,withthesmeltingandpressingofferrousandnon-ferrousmetalsaccountingfor19.6percentofthetotalindustrialoutput.RelatedmanufacturingindustrieshavebeenrelocatingtoPhilippinesinrecentyearsfromSingaporeandMalaysia.Inthefuture,manufacturewillcontinuetobeamajorindustryinPhilippines.EManitobaisrichinnaturalresourcesandisamajorsourceoftimberproductsinCanada.Itboastsrichdepositsofcopper,silveranduranium.Thereisagreatneedtofurtherincreaseinfrastructure,especiallyroadsandrails.Theprovince’slocatedatthecrossroadsofthenation’stwolargesteconomicengines.Tourismisoneofthemajorhopeshereasthefarwestoftheprovinceisbecomingmorepopularandaccessibleforthosetravelingtothelakeroutes.1．Thecapitalofthisprovincetriestobecomeamainmanufacturingcentreinthecountry.正确答案：C2．Thecountryhascarriedoutlotsoffavourablepoliciesforhi-techindustriesdevelopinghere.正确答案：B3．Theadvantageofthegeographicallocationprovidestheareawiththeopportunityforeconomicdevelopment.正确答案：E4．Intheyearof2007,abouttwohundredforeigncorporationssettleddowninthestate.正确答案：A5．Agricultureplaysacriticalroleinthiscountry,andthegovernmentwillinvestalotinagriculture.正确答案：B6．RichmineraldepositsinthiscountryhaverelocatedmanufacturingindustryofSoutheastAsia.正确答案：D7．Thisareadepositsrichnaturalresources,andisgettingatouristattraction.正确答案：E8．Lowlabourandlandcostsareattractingforeigninvestorstothearea.正确答案：APARTTWOTransformationofStrategiesofThomsonCorporationHowdoesabusiness-to-businesscompanyfindoutexactlywhatendusersdowithitsproducts?ThatwasthequestionwewrestledwithattheThomsonCorporation,becausethepeoplewhobuyfromusarenotthesamepeoplewhoactuallyuseourproductsintheirdailywork.Butasoldergenerationsdieoutandyoungeronescomeonline,andasgenerationsinthemiddletrye-booksandrealisetheiradvantages,thedemiseofpaperbookswillcontinuetoaccelerate.ForThomson,theanswerhasbeentocombinemultiplemethodsofdeepcustomerinquiry,frommarketsurveystoobservingusersdirectlyintheirworkplace.Thoseeffortshavebeenpartofafront-endcustomerstrategythathasbecomethecornerstoneofthecompany’stransformation.Thisstrategyhasincludedaskinglawyers,accountants,financialanalysts,investmentmanagers,scientificresearchers,andotherprofessionalswhouseourproductsandserviceswhattheydoonaminute-by-minutebasis.(9)Bydoingso,we’velearnedhowtohelpenduserswiththeirworkinwaysthatmightotherwiseneverhaveoccurredtous.Suchscrutinyoftheenduserwouldn’tbeunusualifwewereaconsumerproductscompany.(10)ButlikemostotherB2Bcompanies,Thomsonhistoricallyhadamuchbetterunderstandingofitsbuyersthanofitsendusers.(11)ThetransformationofThomsonbeganalittleoveradecadeago.(12)Wepublishedmorethan200newspapers,alongwithtextbooks,lawbooks,andprofessionaljournals,andoperatedthelargestleisuretravelbusinessintheUnitedKingdom.Thomsonwasaprosperousleaderinitsmarkets,butwewereconcernedaboutthelong-termviabilityofourbusinessportfolio.First,ourmarketswerenotequalintermsofgrowthpotential.Leisuretravel,forexample,wasbecomingincreasinglycompetitiveandturningintoacommodity.TorealiseThomson’sfullpotential,weneededtobecomelessdiversifiedandmorefocusedonthebusinessmodelwiththebestprospectsforthefuture.Second,aswelookedaroundthecornerwecouldseethebeginningsofaradicalchangeinmarketdynamics.(13)Theworthofourconsiderablepaperassetswasinjeopardy.Thetransformationbeganwiththedivestitureofbusinessesthatdidn’tfitourstrategicfocusoninformationpublishingservicesandwiththeacquisitionofprofessionalinformationpublishingassetsthatdid,alongwithinvestmentsinthetechnologyneededtobuildanddeliverproductsandservicesonline.(14)Theseadvancesweredrivenbythechangingneedsofourendusersand,byextension,ourbuyers.ATherealbreakthroughs,however,cameafewyearsintothetransformationprocess.In2001,whenwerealisedweneededtofocusmorecloselyoncustomersthaneverbefore.BAtthetime,Thomsonwasanearly70-year-oldholdingcompanywith$8.7billioninrevenue.CButasoldergenerationsdieoutandyoungeronescomeonline,andasgenerationsinthemiddletrye-booksandrealisetheiradvantages,thedemiseofpaperbookswillcontinuetoaccelerate.DP&Gisknownforfollowingconsumersaroundstoresandobservingthemintheirkitchens.EWeknewafairamountabout,say,financialservicesinformationmanagers,whowereresponsibleformakingpurchasingdecisionsforanentiredepartment,butlittleabouttheindividualbrokersorinvestmentbankerswhousedourdata,research,andotherresourcesdailytomakeinvestmentdecisionsfortheirclients.FInparticular,itappearedthattheriseoftheinternetwouldchangethenewspaperandpublishingmarketsforever.GTheinternethasindeedbecomeanintegralpartofconsumers’commercialactivities.HThenwe’vesystematicallysoughttodeliversolutionsthatmeettheirneedsduringeachofthosehours.9．正确答案：H解析：因为前一句讲到这个策略包括询问使用我们产品或享受我们服务的律师，会计师，金融分析师，投资经理，科学研究者和其他专业人士每分钟都在干什么。同时后面一句讲到这样做，我们就学会了帮助终端消费者的方式，如果不采取上述策略这种方式我们也许永远不会找到。故应选H。10．正确答案：D解析：从上下文关系来看，前一句讲到如果我们是一个消费者产品公司，这种对终端客户的仔细观察是极其正常的。其后一句讲到但是像很多其他的商务对商务公司一样，Thomson一直以来对购买者而不是终端消费者了解得更多。所缺的句子是举例说明对终端客户比较关心的消费者产品公司的做法。对应D项提到：宝洁公司一向以跟随在店里购物的顾客和观察在厨房里的消费者而著名，符合上下文的语境要求。11．正确答案：E解析：前一句讲到但是像很多其他的商务对商务公司一样，Thomson一直以来对购买者而不是终端消费者了解得更多。其后一句为Thomson公司的转变早在十多年前就开始了。所缺的句子应该是对“Thomson一直以来对购买者而不是终端消费者了解得更多”，这种情况的具体说明。E项提到：比如说，我们对为整个部门做出采购决定的金融服务信息经理了解得很多，但是对于使用我们的数据，研究结果和其他资源为客户做投资决定的个人经纪人或投资银行家的了解就会相对很少，符合上下文语境。12．正确答案：B解析：所缺的句子应该是对当时公司基本情况的介绍。B项提到：那时Thomson是个有70年历史的公司，有87亿美元的收入。符合上下文语境。13．正确答案：F解析：所缺句子应该是对市场变化的具体情况的说明，并且这个情况是纸质财产的价值处于危险中的原因。对应F项中提到：特别是，互联网的崛起将会永久地改变报纸和出版市场，符合上下文语境。14．正确答案：A解析：所缺的句子应该是对“转变”过程的进一步论述。A项提到：可是真正的突破发生在几年后的转变过程中，2001年我们意识到我们需要比以前任何时候更加关注顾客，符合上下文语境。PARTTHREEThedifficultyofbalancingprofitsandsocialresponsibilityisveryapparentwhenyouconsiderenvironmentalissues.Consumersvaluethegoodsandservicesthatbusinessproduces,butbusinessescannotproducegoodsandserviceswithoutpollutingtosomedegree.Businessesstrivetolowertheircostsinordertoofferproductstoconsumersmoreefficientlyandtomakeprofitsforinvestors,butsometimesitisnecessaryforbusinessestospendmoreinordertopolluteless.Whensuchsituationsarise,whoseinterestsshouldbeservedfirst—thoseofsociety,theconsumer,ortheinvestor?Clearly,thisquestionhasnoeasyanswer,butexamininghowbusinessespollutemayprovidesomeperspectives.Economicprogressthreatensourair,water,andlandbecausetheseelementscansoeasilybetaintedbypollution.Moreover,thepollutioninanyoneelementcaneasilytainttheothers.Thisproblemispervasiveinindustrialisedanddevelopingnationsalike.Infact,theemergingeconomiesofAsiaandLatinAmericahavebuiltmuchoftheirgrowthonverylooseenvironmentalstandards.ButMexico,Malaysia,andothercountriesarerealisingthattheirprosperitycanbesustainedonlyiftheircitizenscanenjoyaqualityoflifethatcomeswithacleanenvironment.Atthesametime,thecountriesofEasternEuropearescramblingtoreversethedecadeofenvironmentalneglectthatoccurredaroundthemiddleofthe20thcentury.Asyoucanimagine,thisisnoeasytask.Themostnoticeableformofairpollution,smog,isproducedbytheinteractionofsunlightandhydrocarbons(gasesreleasedwhenfossilfuelsareburned).Weneedonlylookatthesmogthathangsovermanymajorcitiesoftheworldtoknowthatairpollutionisaproblemthatbusinesses,consumers,andgovernmentsmustaddresstogether.Anotherdamagingairpollutantisacidrain,createdwhenemissionsfromcoal-burningfactoriesandelectricutilityplantsreactwithair.Inaddition,emissionsfromfactoriesandcarspollutetheairandcontributetoglobalwarmingthroughthegreenhouseeffect,inwhichheatedgasesformalayerofunusuallywarmairaroundtheearth,trappingthesun’sheatandpreventingtheearth’ssurfacefromcooling.Expertsworryaboutairbornetoxinsthatareemittedduringsomemanufacturingprocesses.Largeandsmallcompaniestogetherreleasemillionsofpoundsofchemicalwastesintotheaireachyear.Althoughtheeffectsofmanyofthesesubstancesareunknown,someareknowntobecancercausers.Ofspecialconcerninrecentyearsaremicroscopicparticulatesintheairthatmayberesponsibleformorethan150,000deathseachyear.Ourairisnottheonlypartofourenvironmenttosuffer.WaterpollutionhasdamagedmanyU.S.lakes,rivers,stream,harboursandcoastalwaters.Thispollutioncomesfromavarietyofsources:manufacturingfacilities,miningandconstructionsites,farms,andcitysewagesystems.Themainthreatisthecarelessday-to-daydisposalofwastesfromthousandsofindividualsources.Evenifallwastewaterwerepurifiedbeforebeingdischarged,ourgroundwaterwouldstillbeendangeredbyleakagefromthemillionsoftonsofhazardoussubstancesthathavebeenburiedundergroundordumpedinimproperstoragesites.Muchofthispollutionwascreatedyearsagobycompaniesthatcarelessly—butlegally—disposedofsubstancesnowknowntobeunhealthy.Cleaningupthesewastesisextremelydifficultandexpensive.Inaddition,companiesandindividualsgenerateenormousamountsofsolidwaste—over200milliontonsintheUnitedStateseachyear.Muchofthiswasteendsupinlandfills.Alargepartoftheproblemisconsumerdemandsforconvenienceandfashion.Thesedemandsleadtocreatingdisposableitems,manufacturingproductswithexcesspackaging,anddiscardingusefulitemsthatarenolongerthehotstyleorcolour.Fortunately,recenteffortstoconserveandrecycleresourcesarehelpingtocombatthelandpollutionproblem.15．Whatistheproblemthatbusinessesfacewhenconsideringenvironmentalissues?A．Businessesfacetheproblemofproducinggoodsandservicesthatcustomerneeds.B．Businessesfacetheproblemofloweringcosts.C．Businessesfacetheproblemofmakingmoreprofitsforinvestors.D．Businessesfacetheproblemofbalancingprofitsandsocialresponsibility.正确答案：D解析：第一段讲述了企业生产必然会造成一定程度的环境污染。为了提高投资者收益，生产商总是尽可能地降低生产成本，然而，为了减少对环境的污染，生产商又不得不增加投入。面对这样的情况，应该优先考虑哪方的利益?社会、消费者、还是投资商?这个问题很难回答。题干意为“考虑到环境污染，企业面临怎样的问题?”那么，根据本段第一句话，企业面临平衡利益和社会责任的问题。据此，可确定D项为正确选项。16．Whichcountriesneedtochangemostinordertoprotectourenvironment?A．countriesofEasternEuropeB．MexicoC．MalaysiaD．countriesofAsiaandLatinAmerica正确答案：D解析：第二段讲述了经济的发展危及空气、水和土地，在工业化国家和发展中国家这个问题都很严重。事实上，亚洲和拉丁美洲经济的快速发展是基于环境标准的松弛。但是，有些国家，比如墨西哥，马来西亚已经意识到了只有保护好环境，才能实现经济的持续繁荣。与此同时，东欧的一些国家也开始尽力扭转在20世纪中叶人们对于环境的忽视。题干意为“为了保护我们的环境哪些国家最需要改变?”根据本段内容，只有亚洲和拉丁美洲的国家未严加控制其环境标准，最需要改变。据此，可以确定D项为正确选项。17．Whatisgreenhouseeffect?A．Itisproducedbytheinteractionofsunlightandhydrocarbons.B．Itiscreatedwhenemissionsfromcoal-burningfactoriesandelectricutilityplantsreactwithair.C．Itisthegradualriseintemperatureoftheearthatmospherewhichiscausedbyanincreaseofgasesintheairtrappingtheheatofthesun.D．Itisproducedbyairbornetoxinsthatareemittedduringsomemanufacturingprocesses.正确答案：C解析：第三段主要讲述空气污染。最显而易见的空气污染物——雾霾是燃烧矿物燃料时产生的碳氢化合物与阳光相互作用产生的。另一种空气污染物是酸雨，是由工厂燃烧煤炭以及发电厂的排放物与空气反应产生的。此外，工厂排放物以及汽车尾气也同样污染空气，并通过温室效应导致了全球变暖。题目要求解释温室效应，本段的最后一句话回答了该问题，工厂废气和汽车排放的尾气形成了热气层，吸收太阳的热，阻止地表变凉，由此可以确定C项为正确选项。18．ExpertsworryaboutairbornetoxinsthatareemittedduringsomemanufacturingprocessesbecauseA．companiesreleasemillionsofpoundsofchemicalwastesintotheaireachyear.B．theeffectsofmanyofthesesubstancesareunknown.C．someairbornetoxinsareknowntobecancercausers.D．microscopicparticulatesintheairareresponsiblefor150,000deathseachyear.正确答案：C解析：该题目问及专家担心空气中毒素的原因。此段提到毒素是在某些生产过程中释放出来的，大大小小的公司每年向空气中排放几百万磅化学废物。虽然许多毒素的影响还不为人知，但是其中的一些可以导致癌症。这些年备受关注的就是空气中的一些微粒有可能是导致每年超过十五万人死亡的原因。综合四个选项，C项表述与此相符；A、B项所述内容原文虽有提及，但不是原因；D项内容与原文有偏差，原文是mayberesponsible而不是areresponsible，所以，确定C项为正确选项，排除其他三项。19．Howwouldourgroundwaterbeendangeredaccordingtothefifthparagraph?A．Itwouldbeendangeredbymanufacturingfactories.B．Itwouldbeendangeredbyleakagefrommassesofhazardoussubstancesthatwereburiedundergroundordumpedinimproperstoragesites.C．Itwouldbeendangeredbycarelessday-to-daydisposalofwastesfromthousandsofindividualsources.D．Itwouldbeendangeredbysubstanceswhicharethrownawaycarelesslybycompanies.正确答案：B解析：第五段主要讲述了水污染。水污染已经破坏了美国众多湖泊、河流、港湾以及沿海水域。加工工厂、煤矿或建筑工地、农场以及城市地下水系统是水污染的来源。然而，最大的威胁还是来自于千家万户每天丢弃的垃圾。即便是所有的废水在排放前被净化，我们的地下水资源形势也不容乐观，因为埋在地下或丢弃在不合适的垃圾场的数百万吨有毒物质的渗漏同样会污染地下水。这样的污染物是几年前由工厂合法填埋处理，现在才知道这些物质是对健康有害的。清理这些废物非常困难，而且代价不菲。题干意思是“地下水是如何被污染的?”根据本段内容，可以确定B项是正确选择。A、C、D项所述内容与此段不符，均可排除。20．Whatisthetoneofthispassage?A．optimisticB．pessimisticC．subjectiveD．objective正确答案：D解析：第六段讲述了固体废物，仅美国一个国家每年就有超过两亿吨的固体废物，这些废物大部分会被填埋在垃圾场。产生这么多固体废物的原因是消费者追求便捷与时尚。为了满足消费者需求，生产商就会生产用完即可丢弃的产品，给产品过度包装。消费者对样式或颜色不时髦但仍有用的东西随即丢弃。幸运的是，最近人们开始致力于资源的加工再利用，缓解了土地污染的问题。题目问及整篇文章的语气。文章大部分篇幅陈述事实，并以数字、举例等形式加以说明，据此可判断，作者的语气是客观的，即D项为正确选项。PARTFOURPeoplecanbeaddictedtodifferentthings-alcohol,drugs,eventelevision.Peoplewhohavesuchanaddictionare(21)whichmeanstheyhaveaverypowerfulpsychologicalneedthattheyfeeltheymustsatisfy.Accordingtopsychologists,manypeoplearecompulsivespenders.Theyfeelthatthey(22)spendmoney.Thiscompulsion,likemostothers,is(23)—impossibletoexplainreasonably.Forcompulsivespenderswhobuyoncredit,chargeaccountsareevenmoreexcitingthanmoney.Inotherwords,compulsivespendersfeelthat(24)credit,theycandoanything.Theirpleasureinspendingenormousamountsisactuallygreaterthanthepleasurethattheygetfromthethingstheybuy.Thereisevenaspecialpsychologyof(25)hunting.Tosavemoney,ofcourse,mostpeoplelookforsales,lowprices,anddiscounts.Compulsivebargainhunter,however,oftenbuythingsthattheydon’tneedjustbecausetheyare(26).Theywanttobelievethattheyarehelpingtheirbudgets.(27)theyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame.Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople,theyfeelthattheyare(28).Mostpeople,expertsclaim,havetworeasonsfortheirbehavior:agoodreasonforthethingsthattheydoandtherealreason.Itisnotonlyscientists,ofcourse,whounderstandthepsychologyofspendinghabits,butalsobusinesspeople.Stores,companies,and(29)usepsychologytoincreasebusiness.They(30)people’sneedsforlove,powerorinfluence,theirbasicvaluesandbeliefsinadvertisingandsalesmethods.Psychologistsoftenuseamethodcalled‘behaviortherapy’tohelpindividualssolvetheirpersonalityproblems.Inthesameway,theycanhelppeoplewhofeelthattheyhaveproblemswithmoney.21．A．compulsoryB．compulsiveC．complacentD．complicated正确答案：B解析：此处四个选项为形似词，其含义却相差甚远，因此只要辨清含义，答案就明确了。compulsory意思是“义务的，强制的”；compulsive意思是“难以抑制的”，如compulsiveeating(无节制的暴饮暴食)；complacent意思是“自满的”；complicated的意思是“复杂的”。结合空格前面addiction，以及其后由which引导的非限制性定语从句对于空格处内容的补充解释，可以确定答案为B。22．A．canB．mayC．mustD．ought正确答案：C解析：结合21题对compulsive的解释，不难确定所谓的compulsivespenders就是指那些觉得自己非花钱不可的人，因此选C。23．A．irrationalB．unnecessaryC．unhealthyD．irresponsible正确答案：A解析：此题答案比较明确，本句意思是“这种无法克制的花钱的冲动和其他的强迫症一样，都是无法解释的”，而irrational的含义为“不合理的，失去理性的”符合句意。此外，空格后面破折号引出的内容(impossibletoexplainreasonably)是对于空格处所需单词的解释补充，因此确定答案为A。24．A．withB．onC．byD．in正确答案：A解析：这道题比较简单，withcredit/money/power等说法很常见，表示“有了信用卡/金钱/权利”。而其他介词则没有这样的用法和含义，因此答案为A。25．A．goodsB．jobC．foodD．bargain正确答案：D解析：本句句意为“现在还有专门研究人们淘换便宜货的心理学”。此处为什么选bargain呢?其后两句话中有重要线索。首先后面的句子“Tosavemoney，ofcourse，mostpeoplelookforsales，lowprices，anddiscounts.”表明他们要买的是便宜的东西。另外，后面的“compulsivebargainhunter”这一说法更是印证了选项D为正确答案。bargain作为名词的意思是“便宜货，廉价品”。26．A．expensiveB．cheapC．inferiorD．superior正确答案：B解析：答案非常明确，compulsivebargainhunter经常购买自己并不需要的东西，原因就是他们贪图便宜。因此答案为B。27．A．andB．orC．soD．but正确答案：D解析：本空格所在的句子是一个并列句，所缺失的是个连词，因此答题的关键是两个分句的逻辑关系，根据两个分句的意思判断，即“他们自认为这么做有助于节约”，“他们是在玩一种刺激的游戏”，两者应该是转折关系，所以选D。28．A．excitingB．enjoyingC．winningD．satisfying正确答案：C解析：参考前面的语句“buttheyarereallyplayinganexcitinggame”，留意game一词。正因为他们把淘便宜货当作是一种刺激有趣的游戏，所以当他们能比别人更便宜地买到某样东西时，他们就觉得自己赢了这场游戏(Whentheycanbuysomethingforlessthanotherpeople，theyfeelthattheyarewinning.)，所以此处的正确答案为C。29．A．schoolsB．advertisersC．organisationsD．consumers正确答案：B解析：本题答案也非常明确。分析空格所在的句子可以发现，此处四个选项，只有advertisers(广告商)和商店、企业是并列关系，句子含义是“商店、企业和广告商都运用心理学来刺激更多的消费”。因此，本题答案为B。30．A．considerB．decideC．chooseD．affect正确答案：A解析：观察本空格所在的句子，可以判断they指代的是前一句中的stores，companies，andadvertisers，而空格中需要填入一个谓语动词与they构成主谓关系，并与其后的needs构成动宾结构。比较四个选项，最佳答案应该是consider，其句子含义是“他们在做广告和营销时都会考虑人们对爱情、权势的需求，人们的基本观念和价值观”。因此本题答案是A。PARTFIVESomeKnowledgeaboutHumanResourcesManagementTheHumanResourcesManagement(HRM)functionincludesavarietyofactivities,andthekeythemisdecidingwhatstaffingneedsyouhaveandwhethertouseindependentcontractorsorhireemployeestofilltheseneeds,recruitingandtrainingthebestemployees,ensuringtheyarehighperformers,dealing(31)performanceissues,andensuringthatyourpersonnelandmanagementpracticesconform(32)variousregulations.Activitiesalsoincludemanagingyourapproach(33)employeebenefitsandcompensation,employeerecordsandpersonnelpolicies.Usuallysmallbusinesses(for-profitornonprofit)havetocarryouttheseactivitiesthemselvesbecausetheycan’tyetaffordpart-timeorfull-timehelp.(34)theyshouldalwaysensurethatemployeeshaveandareaware(35)personnelpolicieswhichconformtocurrentregulations.Thesepoliciesareofteninthe(36)ofemployeemanuals,whichallemployeeshave.Note(37)somepeopledistinguishadifferencebetweenHRM(amajormanagementactivity)andHRD(HumanResourceDevelopment).ThosepeoplemightincludeHRMinHRD,explainingthatHRDincludesabroader(38)ofactivitiestodeveloppersonnelinsideoforganisations,includingcareerdevelopment,training,organisationdevelopment,etc.Thereisalong-standingargumentaboutwhereHR-relatedfunctionsshouldbeorganisedoverlargeorganisations.TheHRMfunctionandHRDprofessionhaveundergonetremendouschange(39)thepast20-30years.Manyyearsago,largeorganisationslookedtothePersonnelDepartment,mostlytomanagethepaperworkaroundhiringandpayingpeople.Morerecently,organisationsconsidertheHRDepartment(40)playingamajorroleinstaffing,trainingandhelpingtomanagepeoplesothatpeopleandtheorganisationareperformingatmaximumcapabilityinahighlyfulfillingmanner.31．正确答案：WITH解析：d