长难句直播32021考研课程

2021316Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomass(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatter)offishspeciesinparticularpartsoftheocean,butrather(而是changesinthatbiomassovertime.Theirmethodsattempttoestimatechangesinthatbiomassovertime.Theirmethodsfocusonthechangeofstockconcerning（关于）theoceanspecies. (T/F)（T)50年前100万条stock 10万theactualbiomass（生物数量）(theamountoflivingbiologicalmatteroffishspecies（各种鱼not…but不是……而是【主干识别】Theirmethodsdonotattempttoestimatetheactualbiomassbutocean做后置定语修饰biomass，inthatbiomassovertime后置定语修饰changes；【难点】estimate的宾语为theactualbiomass和changes的并列，并列连词为but,在阅读的过程中往往会由于长定语的分割而产生阅读的；【翻译点拨】多个定语在修饰着changes因此顺序应该做符合中文习惯的Oneleadingauthoritysaysthat(theseintenselypowerfulmentalevents=dreams)canbenotonlyharnessedbut(also)actuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol,tohelpussleepandfeelbetter.Dreamsmaynotentirelybelongtounconsciousness,accordingtooneleadingCurb curbcontrol，原意是缰绳的意思，这个单词为考conscious【其他成分】宾语从句的主干是theseintenselypowerfulmentaleventscanbenotonlyharnessedbutactuallybroughtunderconsciouscontrol;notonly…butalso…连接两个并列的动词harnessed和brought；tohelpussleepandfeelbetter为目的状语【难点】动词的并列造成识别上的Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility,theywillhavetooperatewithlesshumansupervisionandbeabletomakeatleastafewdecisionsforthemselves—goalsthatposearealchallenge.同位语的本质就是指代关系：指代这个句子Theactive（主动）decisionisarealchallengeforrobots.Thefurtherlaborsaving（节约劳动的）utility(运用demandsmoresupervision.（F）Thefurtherlaborsaving（节约劳动的）utility(运用)demandslesssupervision.【词汇突破 utility运supervision【主干识别】theywillhavetooperateandbeabletomakeafewdecisions.and【其他成分】Butifrobotsaretoreachthenextstageoflaborsavingutility状语；withlesshumansupervision状语；atleast状语；goalsthatposearealchallenge整个句子的同位语。【微观解析】同位语 被定语从句修饰【难点】动词的并列，状语的；同位语的识别需要关注【翻译点拨】对于thenextsageofaboravingutility的处理，如果直译就是：如果机器人要达定语转译为状语。Butthehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediaydisregardthe98percentthatisirrelevant,instantaneouslyfocusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.TheFeddecreasedtheinterestrate,suggestingtheeconomyisThehumanmindcanprocesstheinformationwithhighaccuracyandspeed.Themonkeyandsuspiciousfacementionedinthetextaretherelevant disregard抛弃，丢弃irrelevant不相干instantaneously立即winding蜿蜒曲折的suspicious可疑的【主干识别】thehumanmindcanglimpsearapidlychangingsceneandimmediaydisregardthe98percent并列的两个动词glimpsedisregard【其他成分】thatisirrelevant修饰the98percent;focusingonthemonkeyatthesideofawindingforestroadorthesinglesuspiciousfaceinabigcrowd.现在分词短语作状语，focus的动作发出者就是句子主语humanmind。【微观解析】themonkeyorthesinglesuspiciousfacefocuson【难 】动词的并列在主句中出现；而在现在分词短语中出现并列宾语98％的不AcomparisonofBritishgeologicalpublicationsoverthelastcenturyandahalfrevealsnotsimplyanincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchbutalsoachanging（发生了改变）definitionofwhatconstitutes(构成要素)anacceptableresearchpaper.英文中的名词英文中的名词/形容词/现在分词/过去分 翻译为中文中的动词英文中的名词从句可以直接翻译为中文中的名词TheeconomicsystemofAmericadetermineswhatshallbeproducedandhowtheyshallbe的经济系统决定了生产什么以及生产方式Thedefinitionofelementsconcerningsomeresearchpaperhasundergoneachange.Thestressongeologyhascapturedwideattention.(F/NG notgiven)Some是福利！Aof1.BA不翻译constitutes…【其他成分】ofBritishgeologicalpublicationscomparison,overthelastcenturyandahalfpublications，anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearch宾语，achangingdefinitionofwhatconstitutesanacceptableresearchpaper并列宾语【微观解析】anincreasingemphasisontheprimacyofresearchontheprimacyofresearchemphasis;researchdefinitionwhatof的宾语，what为宾语从【译文赏析】将过去一个半世纪英国地质学领域的物做一下比较，(我们)就会发现不仅对科研的主导地位的强调不断攀升，而且一篇可接受的科研所包含的内容的定义也有所变化。【翻译点拨】在这个句中有两个动态名词一个是comparison，还有一个为emphasis，其中还有一个动态形容词changing；在翻译的处理上都翻译为动词，并增加概说的主语“我们”。IbelievethatthemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesamethatunderlietheglobalizationprocess:fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersandenlargedmarketsthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersdemands.IbelievethemostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesame(1）fallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts,2）lowertradeandinvestmentbarriersand3）enlargedthatrequireenlargedoperationscapableofmeetingcustomersforcesthemassiveM&AwavetheglobalizationprocessM&A（并购）wave原因promotesthefallingtransportationandcommunicationcosts结因果倒置【词汇突破】M&Amergersandacquisitions的缩写表示合并和兼并的意思为经济术语。tradeandinvestmentbarriersglobalizationprocess全球化进程(可以作为写作词汇使用【主干识别】Ibelievethat+宾语从【其他成分】themostimportantforcesbehindthemassiveM&Awavearethesame为宾语从句主干；thatunderlietheglobalizationprocess为定语从句；“：”后为对forces的解释；andinvestmentbarriers和enlargedmarkets后面接一个定语从句thatrequireenlargedoperations和后置定语形容词短语：capableofmeetingcustomersdemands【难点】并列的三种力量，由于修饰语比较长和并列连词较多使其解析较难Itisentirelyreasonableforauditorstobelievethatscientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.ItisentirelyforauditorstobelievescientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisontheTherationalscientistsdeservethetrustinregardto(关于theallocationof【词汇突破】auditorsdistract【主干识别】Itisentirelyreasonabletobelievethat宾语从句.【其他成分】forauditors状语；scientistswhoknowexactlywheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthereshouldnotbedistractedbythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.宾语从句。goingandhowtheywillgetthere定语从句修饰scientist；wheretheyaregoingandhowtheywillgetthere定语从句中know的宾语从句；bythenecessityofkeeoneeyeonthecashregisterwhiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope.状语；ofkeeoneeyeonthecashregister修饰thenecessity作定语。whiletheothereyeisonthemicroscope状语修饰kee getthere处理为知道做什么，知道怎么做，这样的表达符合中文的习惯。如果直接翻译为：Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles,whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;thepublisherofradicalbookswhotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife,whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools.Wearetreatedtofine(非常hypocriticalspectacles景象我们看到Wearetreated (我们听到ThecriticofAmericanmaterialismishypocritical.（正确Instead,wearetreatedtofinehypocritical2.hypocriticalspectaclesnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply:（）1）thecriticofAmericanmaterialismwithaSouthamptonsummerhome;（1）2）thepublisherofradicalbooks/whotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants;3）thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracy(参与式)/inallphasesoflife,/whoseownchildrenareenrolledin（就读于）privateschools.spectaclesampleradical激进的，根本的journalist，工作者advocate支持participatorydemocracyenrolledin入学，入【主干识别】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles主谓结构的whichnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply之后列出三种虚伪的景象的代表人物，举例说明【微观解析】定语从句还原为一个完整的句子：Thespectaclesnowmorethaneverseeminamplesupply.其主干为：Thespectaclesseeminamplesupply；nowmorethanever为状语。代表人物一thecriticofAmericanmaterialism（物质主义的批评者）withaSouthampton进书的者）whotakeshismealsinthree-starrestaurants，定语从句讲他们却在三星级酒店就餐（因为激进主义者往往是最求生活极简的）；代表人物三thejournalistadvocatingparticipatorydemocracyinallphasesoflife（支持在人生的各个阶段推崇参与制的）whoseownchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools定语从句讲他们自己的孩子却在私立学校上【难点】冒号后并列的三个部分就是三个名词后面接上比较长的定语修饰，这样就造成了阅读的；式物质主义的人却拥有位于南安普顿的避暑山庄：激进书籍的商却在三星级餐厅【翻译点拨】wearetreatedtofinehypocriticalspectacles如果直接翻译那就是：我们被招待了很好的虚伪景象；这样的说法并不符合中文的习惯，中文是多主动，英语多，因此句子转译为：我们看到了这些非常虚伪的景fine处理为非常。ButitisalittleupsettingtoreadintheexplanatorynotesthatacertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridgeoffwhichtheybothfallintotheriver—andthentofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."Thenotesupsetthereaders.Thelineupsetthereaders.Butitisalittleupsetting（我们不免困惑不安toreadintheexplanatorynotesthat//acertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridge/theybothfalloffbridgeintotheriver—tofindthatthelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers,"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."【词汇突破】explanatoryupsettingconsistsofitisalittleupsettingtoreadthat+andthentofindthat+宾语从句；形式主语句，句子主语为toreadandtofind.在主语中带有两个动词不定式中的宾语从句；【其他成分】intheexplanatorynotes状语；acertainlinedescribesafightbetweenaTurkishandaBulgarianofficeronabridge宾语从句主干；offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver起连接句子作用的定语从句；thelineconsistsofthenoiseoftheirfallingandtheweightsoftheofficers宾语从句主干；"Pluff!Pluff!Ahundredandeighty-fivekilograms."Line的同位语。【微观解析】offwhichtheybothfallintotheriver还原为一个句子就是：theybothfallintotheriveroffthebridge.【难点】主语是两个并列的成分识别并列主语是一点"扑通，扑通，185公斤重"这类对他们落水时以及对军官们体重的描写时，我们不免感到困惑不安。TheexamplesofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersshowthataWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.Thecustomersareattractedbytheonlineinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity.Virtual ,andotherpioneersselltherightkindsofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersobtaininteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity(T)TheWebsitewithinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurityattainsthecompetitiveedge（获得竞争=willattractonlineTheexamplesofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneersshowthat//aWebsitesellingtherightkindofproducts//withtherightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.hospitalitysecurity【主干识别】Theexamplesshowthat…+宾语从句；主谓宾结【其他成分】ofVirtualVineyards, ,andotherpioneers作example的同位语；我们把其看作为：AofB的结构，A为上义词，B为下义词，这样在翻译的处理中我们不需要生硬的翻译为“……的例子”；aWebsitesellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecuritywillattractonlinecustomers.宾语从句sellingtherightkindofproductswiththerightmixofinteractivity,hospitality,andsecurity现在分词短语修饰awebsite;宾语从句主干为：aWebsitewillattractonline后置定语中也出现并列产生，这样了产生了。【翻译点拨】宾语从句单独成句 在翻译exampleof…的时候翻译为“像……”Theygatherallthedatatheycan,notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers.Theygathervariousdata.Theygatherallthedatatheycannotjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperiments/withhighachievers(优秀的人).【词汇突破】statisticsachievers获得成功的人【主干识别】Theygatherallthedata.【其他成分】theycan的完整表达为：thattheycangather;that和gather；notjustperformancestatisticsandbiographicaldetailsbutalsotheresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachievers整个部分是data的同位语。theresultsoftheirownlaboratoryexperimentswithhighachieverswithhighachievers为定语修饰experiments.【难点】同位语部分出现并列现象造成比较冗长产生阅读难点也包括了那些取得了表现优异者在实验中的实验结果。补充一些心理学术语biographicalcharacteristics biographicaldata biographicalinventory BiographicalInventoryforR&T 科研人才甄选传记式 传记式问卷测 传记研biographicaltypecase 传记式个案研Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholdersmeeting,Levinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.Therapmusicmaybeblamedforthecauseofsociety’sSomedenouncerapmusicasthecauseofsociety’sDuringthediscussionofrocksingingverses(歌词atlastmonth’sstockholdersmeetingLevinassertedthat"musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills"andevencitedhisson,ateacherintheBronx,NewYork,whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.【词汇突破】versestockholderassertsocialill.【其他成分】Duringthediscussionofrocksingingversesatlastmonth’sstockholdersmeeting状语；musicisnotthecauseofsociety’sills宾语从句主系表结构；ateacherintheBronx,NewYork同位语；whousesraptocommunicatewithstudents.定语从句修饰ateacher。【难点】并列的动词和同位语构成一定的阅读难【译文赏析】在上个月的股东大会上关于摇滚歌词的讨论中，宣称说："音乐不是社会问题的原因"，他甚至还以他的儿子为例。他的儿子是纽约州克斯的一个教师，他儿子正在用说唱音乐与学生们。【翻译点拨】将同位语单独翻译为一个句子是在翻译中的常用手法Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect",acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.Thephysician-assistedsuicideisstillTheintentionofactorsjustifiestheTheharmfuleffectscanbeavoidedwithmoralThegoodeffectscanbebroughtbypeople’sThemedicalprinciplehastwinTheactionispermittedwiththegrantofthe1.AlthoughtheCourtruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assisted\\2.theCourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof"doublethemedicalprincipleof"doubleeffect"wasacenturies-oldmoralmoralprinciplethemedicalprincipleof"double 原则holding(认为)\6.anactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisanactionispermissibleiftheactor(行为人intendsonlythegoodThephysician-assistedsuicideisstillillegal.