4-19名词性从句复习

名词性从句GrammarandusageNounClauses在复合句中起名词作用的从句叫名词性从句(NounClauses)。名词性从句的功能相当于名词或名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词性从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。名词性从句Hisjobisimportant.Whathedoesisimportant.Thisishisjob.Thisiswhathedoeseveryday.

{名词性从句在功能上相当于名词主语表语

{

{Idon’tlikehisjob.Idon’tlikewhathedoeseveryday.Idon’tknowabouttheman,Mr.White.Idon’tknowaboutthefactthatheisateacher.宾语同位语

{Atlunchtime,theradioweathermanreportedthatthemistwouldbecomeathickfogintheafternoon.Thetruthisthatthefogistoothickforthebustorunthatfar.Whatsurprisedmemostwasthattheoldmancouldn’tseeanything.ThefactthatPollydidn’taskfortheman’snameisapity.Findclausesfromthefollowingsentencesandtellthefunctionsofthem.AppositiveClause(同位语从句)SubjectClause(主语从句)ObjectClause(宾语从句)PredicativeClause(表语从句)引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：1.连接词：that,whether,if作用：在从句中______成分2.连接代词：what,whatever,who,whoever,whom,whose,which.作用：在从句中作_____，______，表语3.连接副词：when,where,how,why作用：在从句中作________

不作主语宾语状语DiffertheseNounClauses.1.ItisimpossiblethatIwillgoandattendthemeeting.2.Iwonderwhyheliedtome.3.Wethinkitimportantthateverycitizenshouldhavegoodmanners.4.Whenwewillsetoffforhomehasn’tbeendecidedyet.5.Thefactisthathehasnotbeenseenrecently.6.Thefactthathehasnotbeenseenrecentlydisturbseveryoneinhisoffice.主语从句宾语从句宾语从句主语从句表语从句同位语从句1.用if或whether填空1.Idon’tknow_______I’llbefreetomorrow.2.Idon’tknow_______ornotI’llbefreetomorrow.3.Thequestionis______thisbookisworthwriting.4.Itdependson______wewillhaveenoughmoney.5.______theycandoitmatterslittletous.6._______youarenotfreetomorrow,I’llgowithoutyou.whether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherWhetherIfa.主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、介词后面的宾语从句只能用________，不能用if；b.后面紧跟ornot时,用___________.归纳whetherwhether2that可省略的情况：

that不可省略的情况：

主语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

用it做形式宾语的宾语从句

并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的

引导词that不能省略引导词that的省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略1.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.

4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)3.that

与whether/if的选择：(1)_____knowledgecomesfrompracticeisknowntoall.What B.Where C.If D.That(2)Itmakesnodifference_____oursportsmeetwillbeheldthisweekornextweek.A.that B.either C.whether D.when(3)Idoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(4)Idonotdoubt_____________hewillcomesoon.(5)Doyoudoubt____________hewillcomesoon?DCwhether/ifthatthat

表示是否时用__________,表示肯定时用_______归纳whether/ifthat1._________Ican’tunderstandiswhyhehaschangedhismind.2.___________theearthisroundisknowntousall.3.______hewontheracewas______weexpected.that:what:_______只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，没有词义_______起连接作用，且在从句中充当主语，宾语或表语，表示“所……的”。ThatWhatThatwhat归纳4.that，what引导名词性从句的区别that/what1.______hewantsisabook.2.______hewantstogothereisobvious.

3.Theresultis______wewonthegame.

4.Thisis_____wewanttoknow.

5.Is_____hetoldustrue?

6.Weshouldpayattentionto______the

teacherissaying.

7.Ihavenodoubt_____hewillcome.

8.Ihavenoidea____hedidthatafternoon.WhatThatthatwhatwhatwhatthatwhatExercises______thebabycouldspeakmadehisparentsveryhappy.A.ThatB.WhatC.WhyD.If2.Iwonder____youwillgoshoppingorstayathome.A.thatB.ifC.whetherD.what主语从句宾语从句3.Thisis_____hewasoftenlateforschool.A.whatB.thatC.whyD.whether4.Weallknowthetruth____theearth____aroundthesun.A.if;movedB.that;movesC.why;moveD.whether;move表语从句同位语从句1.______willwritethepoem

hasnotbeendecidedyet. 2._______surprisedusisthathelostinthegame.

3.Iheardit_______hehadgoneabroad.

4.Tellme_______youdon’tlikeschool.

5.Hehadafeeling_______shemightnotapproveoftheplan.6.Hewasn’tsure______heoughttolaughorcry.7.Thequestionis______heislivingnow.

当堂训练WhoWhatthatwhythatwhetherwhere重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。2.他出生在何时何地还不知道。3.那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。4.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。5.我们相信他已经挣了足够的钱来盖所房子。TranslationseeyouTranslation重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。2.他出生在何时何地还不知道。Theimportantthingiswhatyoudo,notwhatyousay.Whenandwherehewasbornhasnotbeenfound.3.那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。4.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。5.我们相信他已经挣了足够的钱来盖所房子。Whenandwhythepersonwasmurderedisstillunknown.Theproblemiswhathehasdonetothelittleboy.Webelievedthathehadearnedenoughmoneytobuildahouse.1

That

hewillsucceediscertain.2

Whether

hewillgothereisnotknown.3

What

hesaidisnottrue.4

Where

hehidthemoneyistobefoundout.5

Whoever

comesiswelcome.6How

wecanhelpthetwins

willbediscussedatthemeeting.7

When

they’llstarttheproject

hasnotbeendecidedyet.SubjectClause主语从句为避免主语冗长,句子头重脚轻,经常用it作形式主语,主语从句放在后面作真正的主语。1.Itiscertainthathewillsucceed.2.Itisnotknownwhetherhewillgothere.3.Ithasnotbeendecidedyetwhenthey’llstarttheproject.“It”

isusedas

emptysubject.形式主语1.It+be+形容词＋that从句Itisnecessary/important/obviousthat…2.It+be+-ed分词＋that从句Itisbelievedthat…人们相信…Itisknowntousallthat….众所周知…Ithasbeendecidedthat……已经决定……3.It+be+名词＋that从句Itiscommonknowledgethat……是常识Itisasurprisethat….令人惊奇的是…Itisafactthat……事实是……4.It+不及物动词＋that从句Itappearsthat…似乎…Ithappensthat….碰巧…Itoccurredtomethat……我突然想起……在下列主语从句中谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should)+do”，常用的句型有：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange…)that…

Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired...)that…

1.___________pricewillgoupiscertain. 2._______willwritethepoemhasnotbeendecidedyet.3.Itisnotclear_______hehasgone.

还不清楚他去了哪里。4.Itremainsunknown_______theyaregoingtogetmarried. 他们何时结婚依然不明。5.Itisapity_________youmissedtheconcert.很遗憾你错过了那场音乐会。ThatWhowherewhenthat宾语从句在句中充当宾语成分(可以作谓语动词、介词、不定式等非谓语动词的宾语)Theyknow

that

thehabitwillkillthem.Italldependson

whethertheywillsupportus.Heasked

howmuchIpaidfortheviolin.Hemade

it

cleartothepublic

that

hedidanimportantandnecessaryjob.

Ifind

it

necessary

that

weshoulddothehomework.Tellthefunctionofthefollowingclauses.that,whether,if(that常可省略)who,what,which,whoever,whatever,whenwherewhyhow宾语从句连词

句子结构：主句+谓语+连接词+从句（一）、宾语从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句(即：在及物动词，介词和形容词后)1.Idon'tknow______heisalwayslateforschool.2.Weallagreewith______yousaidatthemeeting.3.Iworryabout________hecanpassthroughthecrisisofhisillness.4.Hesaidthathewouldgivemeasueprise.（二）、主语+谓语+形式宾语it+宾补+宾语从句Ifeelitaterriblething_____Ihavetogetupsoearly.I’msorrythatIamlateagain. whywhatwhetherthat当whether后紧跟or/ornot时,不用if.Idon’tknowwhetherIwillstayornot.介词后面的宾语从句不能用if.

IworryaboutwhetherIhurtherfeelings.

注意1.whether和if都可以引导宾语从句

在主+谓+it(形式宾语)+宾补+that从句(真正宾语)的句型中不省略Wemustmake

it

clear

thatwemeanwhatwesay.由连词and连接的两个由that引导的宾语从句中,第二个that不省略。Hetoldme(that)hewouldcomeandthathewouldcomeontime.2.that在宾语从句中的省略与保留Thequestioniswhetherwecanrelyonhim.That’sbecausewewereinneedofmoneyatthattime.Helookedasifhewasgoingtocry.That’s

whyIwaslate.表语从句:在句中充当表语成分，一般放在系动词之后。作用:对主语进行解释说明。表语从句连接词when/where/why/how/becausethat/whether/asif/asthough(if不引导表语从句)连接代词who/whom/whose/which/what连接副词1.Thereasonwas______hedidn’tworkhard. 2.NewYorkisnolonger_______itwastenyearsago.3.Thatis_______heturnedmedown. thatwhatwhy同位语从句在句中充当同位语成分，其一般跟在一些抽象名词(idea;belief;fact;truth;problem;news等)后面，对名词作进一步解释说明。同位语从句常用that引导或用连接副词when/where/why/how/whetherTheidea

thatcomputerscanrecognizehumanvoicessurprisesmanypeople.2)

WordcamethatNapoleonhimselfwascomingtoinspect(视察)them.3)Sydneykepthispromise

thathewouldalwaysdoanythinghecouldforLucytomakesureofherhappiness.同位语从句1.Heacceptedthefact_______shewouldnevercomeback.2.Doyouhaveanyideas________wecangetcheapersecondhandcar?3.Wordcame_______ournewclassroomwillbeequippedwithsixairconditioners.4.Inspiteofthefact______heisoversixty,heisstillfullofspirit.thathowthat

that1.TwothirdsofallgirlsinBritainareonadiet./Thefactworriestheirparentsandteachersalot.2.TheQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina./Weheardthenewslastnight._______________________________________________Thefact

that

twothirdsofallgirlsareonadietworriestheirparentsandteachersalot._____________________________________________________________Weheardthenewslastnightthat

theQueenofEnglandwasonathree-dayvisitinChina.2.Timetravelispossible./Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea.3.Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime./Thesuggestioniswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.1.Teenagersshouldnotspendtoomuchtimeonline./ManyBritishparentsholdtheview.________ManyBritishparentsholdtheview

that

teenagersshouldn’tspendtoomuchtimeonline._______________________________Thereisnoscientificprooffortheidea

that

timetravelispossible.____________________________________________________________Thesuggestion

that

Chinesestudentsshouldbegivenmorefreetime

iswelcomedbymanypeople,especiallykidsinschool.II.改错It’suncertainthattheexperimentisworthdoing.

2.Whattheboydidn'ttakemedicinemadehismotherangry.3.Jackwassoontoldwhyhedidwasnotnecessary.

4.WethoughtstrangethatTomdidnotcomeyesterday.5.Idon'tcarewhethershehasnomoney.Icareifsheishonestornot.

当堂训练二(1)Theywanttoknow_____dotohelpus.A.whatcanthey B.whattheycan C.howtheycan D.howcanthey(2)Canyoumakesure_____thegoldring?A.whereAlicehadputB.wherehadAliceputC.whereAlicehasputD.wherehasAliceput(3)SomeoneisringingMary.Goandsee_____.A.whoishe B.whoheis C.whoisit D.whoitisBCI.语序问题考点归纳D归纳

在名词性从句中，除了连词在从句之首外，其它部分应用________的语序。陈述Translation重要的是你做什么，而不是说什么。2.他出生在何时何地还不知道。3.那个人何时被谋杀，为什么被谋杀尚不知道。4.问题是他对那个小男孩做了些什么。5.我们相信他已经挣了足够的钱来盖所房子。分析下列宾语从句中的连词Idon’tdoubt(that)youwillsucceed.Idon’tknowwhether/ifhewillcometonight.Idoubtif/whetheryouwillkeepyourpromise.3个句子中的连词that,whether,if(是否)在名词性从句中只起连接作用，在句中不担任成分,被称为连接词。注意:A.that本身无意义，在宾语从句中可以省略，但在别的三种名词性从句中不可以省略。B.whether和if有是否的意义，在宾语从句中二者通常可以互换。但whether可以用于所有的四种名词性从句,而if仅可以用于宾语从句。引导名词性从句的关联词连接词一、名词性从句的语序(1)名词性从句构成有两种a.That+陈述句Thatlighttravelsinstraightlinesisknowntoall.

Thisis

whatwearelookingfor.名词性从句考点归纳b.疑问词+句子的剩余成分Couldyoutellmewherehelives?()

Couldyoutellmewheredoeshelive?()(2)疑问词引导的名词性从句要求使用陈述句语序，不能用一般疑问句语序。Howwashesuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()

Howhewassuccessfulisstillapuzzle.()你能告诉我他住在什么地方吗？FTTF他是怎么成功的仍然是个谜。二、名词性从句连接词的选用(1)that和what的选用that和what都可引导所有的名词性从句。但是，what除起连接作用外，还在名词性从句中充当成分，可作从句的主语、宾语、或表语。而that在名词性从句中不充当任何成分，只起连接作用。

a.主语从句

b.表语从句

c.同位语从句

d.介词后的宾语从句

e.whethertodo做动词宾语不能用iftodo.

f.与ornot连在一起引导宾语从句时不用if.if和whether的选用不能使用if的情况:

1.Iaskedher__________shehadabike.

2.________wewillholdapartyintheopenairtomorrowdependsontheweather.

3.We’reworriedabout________heissafe.

4.Idon’tknow___________heiswellornot.

5.Idon’tknow________ornotheiswell.

6.Thequestionis________heshoulddoit.

7.Thedoctorcanhardlyanswerthequestion

________theoldmanwillrecoversoon.

8.Ihaven’tdecided_______togothere.if/whetherWhetherwhetherwhether/ifwhetherwhetherwhetherwhetherif/whether其它连接代词和副词的使用主要根据名词性从句中的具体意义，正确的选择who,which,when,where,why,how

等连接词，这些连接词既具有疑问含义，又起连接作用，同时在从句中充当各种成分。我们何时举行运动会还没有决定。

______weshallholdoursportsmeetingisnotdecided.

我不知道昨天谁打破了玻璃。

Idon’tknow________broketheglassyesterday.

我不知道他长的什么样子。

Ihavenoidea_________helookslike.

这就是我忘记眼镜的地方。

Thisis_________Ileftmyglasses.

Whenwhowhatwherethat可省略的情况：

that不可省略的情况：

主语从句

表语从句

同位语从句

用it做形式宾语的宾语从句

并列的宾语从句中的后几个从句的

引导词that不能省略引导词that的省略单个宾语从句中的that可省略1.Idon’tthink_______sheiscoming.

2.Itisapity_______hehasmadesuchamistake.

3.Thereasonis_______heiscareless.

4.Thenews_______ourteamwonthematchinspiredus.

5.Idon’tthinkitnecessary_____youshouldreadEnglishaloud.

6.Hetoldme______hisfatherhaddiedand_____hehadtomakealivingalone.

(that)thatthatthatthat(that)thatthat/(that)1.同位语从句的格式：2.能接同位语从句的名词有：3.连接词通常是that,也可根据含义选用

三、同位语从句的引导和辨别n.+连接词+从句fact,idea,

news,order,belief,suggestion,advice,information等

whether,what,when,where等来引导同位语从句。1.Ihavenoidea_______hecomesfrom.

2.Hecan’tanswerthequestion_____hegotthemoney.

3.Hegaveusmanysuggestions_______weshouldgetupearlierandtakemoreexercise.

4.Ihavenodoubt______hewillwin.

5.Ihavesomedoubt________hewillwin.wherehowthatthatwhetherthat/whether/where/how定语从句是先行词的修饰语,它不涉及先行词的具体内容。定语从句中that不但起连接作用,而且在定语从句中充当一个句子成分,充当从句的宾语成分时可省略。2.同位语从句对中心词的内容作进一步的解释和说明,表明中心词的具体内容。引导同位语从句的that在同位语从句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,无具体含义,且不可省略。同位语从句和定语从句的区别Weexpressedthehopethattheyhadexpressed.2.WeexpressedthehopethattheywouldcometoChinaagain.1.Theinformationhasbeenannounced

thatmoremiddleschoolgraduateswillbeadmittedintouniversity.2.Theinformation

thatherevealedatthemeeting

isofgreatvalue.ATAPAPATAttributiveorAppositiveHegavemeasuggestionthatI(should)becalmnow.名词demand,suggestion,proposal,advice等词后的同位语从句的语气要用虚拟语气,结构为~thatsb(should)+doshould可省略

一坚持：_______________二命令：__________________

三建议：_________________________四要求：_________________________Wesuggestedthatthemeeting(should)beputoff.我们建议推迟会议。Theyinsistedthattheboy(should)gowiththem.他们坚持要求小男孩跟他们一起去。insistorder,commandsuggest,advise,proposerequire,request,demand,desirea.他相信他的梦想总有一天会实现的。

Hebelieves_______________________________.

b.请告诉我你昨天这个时候在干什么。

Pleasetellme_______________________________.hisdreamwillcometruesomedayatthistimeyesterday

宾语从句的时态呼应1.如果主句时态是现在时或将来时,从句谓语可根据句意需要而选用任一种时态。whatyouweredoing他告诉我他正在为考试做准备。

Hetoldme_________________________________.他说他已离开家乡十年了。

Hetoldme_________________________________.

老师告诉我们光是沿直线运行的。

Theteachertoldus_________________________.hewaspreparingfortheexamination

hehadbeenawayfromhishometownfortenyearslighttravelsinastraightline2.如果主句谓语是过去时,从句谓语动词一般用过去的某种时态,但从句表达的是客观事实、真理、自然规律等时,从句谓语通常用一般现在时。Thereason_____wedidn’ttrusthimwas_____heoftenlied．2.Thereason____hegaveforhisabsencewas______hewasill.reason后面的表语从句只能用that引导,不能用why引导,但reason后面的定语从句可以用why或者that引导。在名词性从句中，我们还需特别注意以下问题：whythatthatthatByimprovingreadingskills,youcanreadfasterandunderstandmoreof______youread.

(2007上海春)A.that B.what C.which D.whether2.Whynottryyourluckdowntown,Bob?That’s______thebestjobsare.(2007浙江)

A.whereB.whatC.whenD.why3.Youcanonlybesureof________youhaveatpresent;youcannotbesureofsomething_____youmightgetinthefuture.(2007安徽)

A.that;whatB.what;/ C.which;thatD./;that4.Itisnoneofyourbusiness______otherpeoplethinkaboutyou.Believeyourself.(2007福建)A.howB.whatC.which D.whenTheyexpressedthehope___theywouldcomeovertoChina.A.whichB.thatC.whomD.when2.Thefact___hedidn’tseeTomyesterdayistrue.A.thatB.whichC.whenD.what3.Ihavenoidea____hewillcomeback.A.whereB.whenC.whatD.ifChoosethebestanswer4.Oneofthemenheldtheview___thebooksaidwasright.A.whatthatB.thatwhichC.thatwhatD.whichthat5.Wordhascome_____someAmericanguestswillcomeforavisittoourcollegenextweek.A.whatB.whetherC.thatD.which6.Thequestionis____thefilmisworthseeing.A.ifB.whatC.whetherD.how7.Theyreceivedorders_____theworkbedoneatonce.A.whichB.whenC./D.that8.Thereason____Ihavetogois____mymotherisillinbed.A.why;whyB.why;becauseC.why;thatD.that;because9.___Ican’tunderstandis___shewantstochangehermind.A.What;whyB.Which;howC.That;whyD.What;because10.____hisdreamofgoingtocollegewillcometrueisuncertain.A.ThatB.WhetherC.IfD.Evenif11.Itisknowntous___wherethereispollution,thereisharm.A.whichB.whereC.whatD.that12.Ihavetheinformation____.A.ofwhathe’llcomesoonB.thathe’llcomesoonC.ofthathe’llcomesoonD.hiscomingsoon13.---Isawyourneighborbreakyourwindowwithabasketball.---____itmademenearlymad.A.ThathebrokeB.WhathebrokeC.HebrokeD.Hisbreak14.Itremainsaquestion____wecangetsomuchmoneyinsuchashorttime.A.howB.thatC.whenD.what15.---CanIhelpyou?---Yes,doyouknow____?A.whencomesthebusB.whenwillcomethebusC.whendoesthebuscome